| 1. |
- Einhaeupl, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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Eliciting stakeholder needs - An anticipatory approach assessing enhanced landfill mining
- 2019
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 98, s. 113-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landfill owners, governmental institutions, technology providers, academia and local communities are important stakeholders involved in Enhanced Landfill Mining (ELFM). This concept of excavating and processing historical waste streams to higher added values can be seen as a continuation of traditional landfill mining (LFM) and seems to be an innovative and promising idea for potential environmental and societal benefits. However, ELFMs profitability is still under debate, and environmental as well as societal impacts have to be further investigated. This study provides a first step towards an anticipatory approach, assessing ELFM through stakeholder integration. In the study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with various stakeholders, involved in a case study in Flanders, Belgium. Participants were selected across a quadruple helix (QH) framework, i.e. industrial, governmental, scientific, and local community actors. The research comprises 13 interviews conducted with an aim to elicit stakeholder needs for ELFM implementation using a general inductive approach. In total 18 different stakeholder needs were identified. The paper explains how the stakeholder needs refer to the different dimensions of sustainability, which groups of stakeholders they primarily affect, and what types of uncertainty could be influenced by their implementation. The stakeholder needs are structured into societal, environmental, regulatory and techno-economic needs. Results show additional economic, environmental, and societal aspects of ELFM to be integrated into ELFM research, as well as a need for the dynamic modeling of impacts. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Einhaupl, Paul, et al.
(författare)
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DEVELOPING STAKEHOLDER ARCHETYPES FOR ENHANCED LANDFILL MINING
- 2019
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Ingår i: DETRITUS. - : CISA PUBLISHER. - 2611-4127 .- 2611-4135. ; 8, s. 109-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the perspectives of different stakeholders on emerging technological concepts is an important step towards their implementation. Enhanced Landfill Mining (ELFM) is one of these emerging concepts. It aims at valorizing past waste streams to higher added values in a sustainable manner. Yet, assessment of ELFM mainly focusses on environmental and private economic issues, and societal impacts are rarely analyzed. This study uses semi-structured interviews to build understanding for different ELFM practitioners and researchers and develops five stakeholder archetypes for ELFM implementation: the Engaged Citizen, the Entrepreneur, the Technology Enthusiast, the Visionary and the Skeptic. The archetypes outline major differences in approaching ELFM implementation. The stakeholder perceptions are put into context with existing literature, and implications for ELFM implementation and future research are discussed. Results show that differences in regulatory changes and technology choices are affected by different stakeholder perspectives and more research is needed to balance inner- and inter-dimensional conflicts of ELFMs sustainability. The developed archetypes can especially be helpful when evaluating social impacts, whose perception often depends on opinion and is difficult to quantify.
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| 3. |
- Esguerra, John Laurence, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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The economic and environmental performance of a landfill mining project from the viewpoint of an industrial landfill owner
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Enhanced Landfill Mining, 5-6 February, 2018, Mechelen, Belgium. - Leuven, Belgium : University of Leuven. - 9789082825909 ; , s. 389-396
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EU Commission’s circular economy strategy pushes for a higher recycling rate and a more long-term waste management practice.1 Enhanced Landfill Mining (ELFM) can contribute to this agenda as a better landfill management option, by shifting the landfill paradigm from dumping or as end-storage of waste to resource recovery or as temporary storage of resources.2-4 Through ELFM, landfills becomes a secondary source of both material (Waste-to-Material, WtM) and energy (Waste-to-Energy, WtE) with the use of innovative technologies.3,4Several studies explored the environmental and/or economic aspects of ELFM having different scopes and objectives. Some cover the entire process value chain while others additionally focused on comparing technological choices for WtE,5–7 WtM,8,9 and even ELFM waste valorisation.10 Furthermore, for the economic assessment, regulation-related costs and benefits as landfill taxes, gate fees and green certificates5,11,12 are also accounted for. Regarding the identification of economic hotspots, many of these studies concluded similar processes to be important. However, most of these studies were based on either hypothetical cases, or real cases but with small-scale excavation and separation using non-sophisticated set-ups, which are not likely to be used for large-scale processing. Hence, more uncertainty is expected from the lack of actual ELFM demonstration projects.The aim of this study is to analyse the main contributing factors that influence environmental and economic performance of ELFM, considering the landfill owner’s viewpoint. The study is based on a real case of excavation and subsequent separation in an existing stationary facility. Specifically, the influence of the prevailing system conditions is investigated as defined by the current legislation and the market situation.
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| 4. |
- Hernández Parrodi, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of resource recovery into current waste management through (enhanced) landfill mining
- 2019
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Ingår i: Detritus. - : Eurowaste SRL. - 2611-4135 .- 2611-4127. ; 08, s. 141-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Europe has somewhere between 150,000 and 500,000 landfill sites, with an estimated 90% of them being “non-sanitary” landfills, predating the EU Landfill Directive of1999/31/EC. These older landfills tend to be filled with municipal solid waste andoften lack any environmental protection technology. “Doing nothing”, state-of-theart aftercare or remediating them depends largely on technical, societal and economic conditions which vary between countries. Beside “doing nothing” and landfill aftercare, there are different scenarios in landfill mining, from re-landfilling thewaste into “sanitary landfills” to seizing the opportunity for a combined resource-recovery and remediation strategy. This review article addresses present and futureissues and potential opportunities for landfill mining as an embedded strategy incurrent waste management systems through a multi-disciplinary approach. In particular, three general landfill mining strategies are addressed with varying extentsof resource recovery. These are discussed in relation to the main targets of landfill mining: (i) reduction of the landfill volume (technical), (ii) reduction of risks andimpacts (environmental) and (iii) increase in resource recovery and overall profitability (economic). Geophysical methods could be used to determine the characteristics of the landfilled waste and subsurface structures without the need of aninvasive exploration, which could greatly reduce exploration costs and time, aswell as be useful to develop a procedure to either discard or select the most appropriate sites for (E)LFM. Material and energy recovery from landfilled waste canbe achieved through mechanical processing coupled with thermochemical valorization technologies and residues upcycling techniques. Gasification could enablethe upcycling of residues after thermal treatment into a new range of eco-friendlyconstruction materials based on inorganic polymers and glass-ceramics. The multi-criteria assessment is directly influenced by waste- and technology related factors, which together with site-specific conditions, market and regulatory aspects,influence the environmental, economic and societal impacts of (E)LFM projects.
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| 5. |
- Krook, Joakim, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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How to evaluate (enhanced) landfill mining : A critical review of recent environmental and economic assessments
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Enhanced Landfill Mining, 2018. - Leuven : KU Leuven. - 9789082825909 ; , s. 317-332
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landfill mining has been proclaimed as an alternative strategy to address unwanted impacts of waste deposits. In real-life projects, such excavation and processing of deposited waste has mainly been used to facilitate traditional objectives such as remediation, land reclamation or creation of landfill airspace. A key target of recent landfill mining research is, however, to go beyond this type of local motives and enhance the recovery of materials and energy resources by developing advanced processing technologies. Although such an ambitiousapproach clearly displays a wider societal potential, it also adds complexity to the implementation and assessment of pros and cons of landfill mining.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Pickwell, Kristy, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of Lower-Extremity Amputation in Patients With an Infected Diabetic Foot Ulcer.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Diabetes Care. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1935-5548 .- 0149-5992. ; 38:5, s. 852-857
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infection commonly complicates diabetic foot ulcers and is associated with a poor outcome. In a cohort of individuals with an infected diabetic foot ulcer, we aimed to determine independent predictors of lower-extremity amputation and the predictive value for amputation of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) classification system and to develop a risk score for predicting amputation.
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| 8. |
- Sauve, Giovanna, et al.
(författare)
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Integrated early-stage environmental and economic assessment of emerging technologies and its applicability to the case of plasma gasification
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Economic and environmental impact assessments are increasingly being adopted in the design and implementation of emerging systems. However, their emerging nature leads to several assessment challenges that need to be addressed to ensure the validity and usefulness of results in understanding their potential performance and supporting their development. There is the need to (i) account for spatial and temporal variability to allow a broader perspective at an early stage of development; (ii) handle uncertainties to systematically identify the critical factors and their interrelations that drive the results; (iii) integrate environmental and economic results to support sound decision-making based on two sustainability aspects. To address these assessment challenges, this study presents an alternative approach with the following corresponding features: (i) multiple scenario development to conduct an exploratory assessment of the systems under varying conditions and settings, (ii) global sensitivity analysis to identify the main critical factors and their interrelations, and (iii) trade-off and eco-efficiency analysis to integrate the economic and environmental results. The integrated approach is applied to a case study on plasma gasification for solid waste management. The results of the study highlight how the approach allows the identification of the dynamic relations between project settings and surrounding conditions. For example, the choice of gasifying agent largely depends on the background energy system, which dictates the impacts of the process energy requirement and the savings from the substituted energy of the syngas output. Based on these findings, the usefulness and validity of the proposed integrated approach are discussed in terms of how the key assessment challenges are addressed and how it can provide guidance for the development of emerging systems.
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| 9. |
- Witthayolankowit, Kuntawit, et al.
(författare)
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Use of a fully biobased and non-reprotoxic epoxy polymer and woven hemp fabric to prepare environmentally friendly composite materials with excellent physical properties
- 2023
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Ingår i: Composites Part B. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-8368 .- 1879-1069. ; 258
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the future, materials will need to be biobased and produced sustainably without compromising mechanical properties. To date, in many cases, the advantages of the bio-origin of the raw material are overridden by the environmental impact of the process. In the present study, we have developed a novel composite material based on woven hemp fabric which reinforce a thermoset polymer produced from birch bark, a low-value forestry byproduct. Results show that this fully biobased composite has specific stiffness and strength equivalent to those of flax fibre-reinforced petroleum-based epoxy composites and slightly lower than glass fibre-reinforced petroleum-based epoxy composites. The sustainability of the material was also evaluated by life-cycle assessment from cradle to gate and showed significantly superior performance with respect to the potential global warming impact than commercial benchmark materials. Furthermore, toxicology studies showed no endocrine disruptive activities. This is an important proof of concept study demonstrating that biobased structural materials can be produced sustainably.
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| 10. |
- Kumaniaev, Ivan, et al.
(författare)
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Conversion of birch bark to biofuels
- 2020
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Ingår i: Green Chemistry. - 1463-9262 .- 1463-9270. ; 22:7, s. 2255-2263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Substitution of fossil energy sources for bio-based ones will require development of efficient processes that can convert inedible and preferably low-value fractions that currently are not used into high-value products. It is desirable that such processes are developed so that both current logistics and infrastructure can be used. Bark, which is the outer layer of woody biomass, is currently burnt in a low-value process or left in the forests to decay and is therefore considered waste. In this work, birch (Betula pendula) bark was converted to hydrocarbons suitable for use in both road and aviation fuels in two efficient steps. Development of an efficient, recyclable, salt- and metal-free solvent-based system to solubilize birch bark under benign reaction conditions was a key outcome. The obtained gum was composed of organosolv lignin and suberin oligomers and was fully characterized. This gum had unique properties and could be directly processed in a conventional hydroprocessing unit set-up to afford hydrocarbons in the road and aviation fuel ranges. Life cycle assessment was applied to evaluate different scenarios for implementing this technology. When using bark generated as a forestry by-product and current infrastructure in a pulp mill, the process had a favorable low carbon dioxide footprint for biofuel generation.
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