| 1. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Blösch, Günter, et al.
(författare)
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Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) - a community perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: Hydrological Sciences Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0262-6667 .- 2150-3435. ; 64:10, s. 1141-1158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.
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| 3. |
- Chrysafi, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying Earth system interactions for sustainable food production via expert elicitation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Sustainability. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2398-9629. ; 5:10, s. 830-842
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several safe boundaries of critical Earth system processes have already been crossed due to human perturbations; not accounting for their interactions may further narrow the safe operating space for humanity. Using expert knowledge elicitation, we explored interactions among seven variables representing Earth system processes relevant to food production, identifying many interactions little explored in Earth system literature. We found that green water and land system change affect other Earth system processes strongly, while land, freshwater and ocean components of biosphere integrity are the most impacted by other Earth system processes, most notably blue water and biogeochemical flows. We also mapped a complex network of mechanisms mediating these interactions and created a future research prioritization scheme based on interaction strengths and existing knowledge gaps. Our study improves the understanding of Earth system interactions, with sustainability implications including improved Earth system modelling and more explicit biophysical limits for future food production.
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| 4. |
- Wang-Erlandsson, Lan, et al.
(författare)
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Remote land use impacts on river flows through atmospheric teleconnections
- 2018
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Ingår i: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1027-5606 .- 1607-7938. ; 22:8, s. 4311-4328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of land-use change on river flows have usually been explained by changes within a river basin. However, land-atmosphere feedback such as moisture recycling can link local land-use change to modifications of remote precipitation, with further knock-on effects on distant river flows. Here, we look at river flow changes caused by both land-use change and water use within the basin, as well as modifications of imported and exported atmospheric moisture. We show that in some of the world's largest basins, precipitation was influenced more strongly by land-use change occurring outside than inside the basin. Moreover, river flows in several non-transboundary basins were considerably regulated by land-use changes in foreign countries. We conclude that regional patterns of land-use change and moisture recycling are important to consider in explaining runoff change, integrating land and water management, and informing water governance.
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| 5. |
- Singh, Chandrakant, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing water stress dynamics of the Amazonian rainforest through rootzone storage capacity : A time-series approach
- 2019
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Abstracts. - 1029-7006 .- 1607-7962. ; 21
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Extended exposure to change in rainfall patterns and permanent land-use change (LUC) have reduced the capability of the forests to withstand any external stresses, also defined as forest resilience loss. Major parts of the Amazon forest is under threat of tipping towards a treeless savanna state due to these changes in rainfall patterns and LUC. This loss in forest resilience thus also prevents the forest to return to its pre-disturbed state of the natural cycle and makes the forest more prone to tipping. Yet, this change in natural cycle is not sudden and involves a certain time lag for the forest system to respond. Previous studies determined the forest resilience, but have only considered precipitation or climatological drought to be the key influencing factor. However, neither are a direct measure of the water stress of the forest and thus do not fully reflect the hydrological dynamics underlying forest resilience loss. This study addresses the research questions: (i) do change in climatic patterns have a significant effect on forest resilience?, (ii) how does the change in rainfall patterns orLUC affect the environmental dynamics of the forest over time?, (iii) whether the quantification of rainfall, rootzone storage capacity and LUC patterns at a temporal scale better for understanding the resilience loss of the forest?The present study aims at understanding the complex dynamics of the resilience of the forest system using a time-series approach. Advanced remote sensing resources allow us to determine and understand patterns in the tipping behaviour at a temporal scale as well as to understand the hydrological dynamics and environmental triggers. For this, we combined precipitation data, root zone storage capacity and satellite-based forest cover and LUC data analyzed along a time-series. This is to better represent the resilience loss of the forest towards hydrological interactions and also provide a better understanding of the hydrological process for the forest tipping rather than a statistical relation. Landsat-7 data is ideal for determining the forest change, due to its regional time-series availability from early 2000’s until today. This study provides a better understanding of the hydrological dynamics of the rainforest by utilizing a time-series approach. Root zone storage capacity represents the water stored in the roots of the forest (a.k.a., water available to the forest) and it is a much better representation for assessing water stress of the Amazonian rainforest than precipitation. Thus, also a better parameter for evaluating forest resilience loss over time.
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| 6. |
- Wang-Erlandsson, Lan, et al.
(författare)
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A planetary boundary for green water
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Reviews Earth & Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2662-138X. ; 3:6, s. 380-392
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Green water — terrestrial precipitation, evaporation and soil moisture — is fundamental to Earth system dynamics and is now extensively perturbed by human pressures at continental to planetary scales. However, green water lacks explicit consideration in the existing planetary boundaries framework that demarcates a global safe operating space for humanity. In this Perspective, we propose a green water planetary boundary and estimate its current status. The green water planetary boundary can be represented by the percentage of ice-free land area on which root-zone soil moisture deviates from Holocene variability for any month of the year. Provisional estimates of departures from Holocene-like conditions, alongside evidence of widespread deterioration in Earth system functioning, indicate that the green water planetary boundary is already transgressed. Moving forward, research needs to address and account for the role of root-zone soil moisture for Earth system resilience in view of ecohydrological, hydroclimatic and sociohydrological interactions.
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| 7. |
- Zhang, Chi, et al.
(författare)
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Moisture source changes contributed to different precipitation changes over the northern and southern Tibetan Plateau
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Hydrometeorology. - 1525-755X .- 1525-7541. ; 20:2, s. 217-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 American Meteorological Society. Precipitation on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) showed different spatial changes during 1979-2016, with an increasing trend over the northern Tibetan Plateau (NTP) and a slightly negative trend over the southern Tibetan Plateau (STP). The changes in precipitation moisture sources over the NTP and STP are investigated using the improved Water Accounting Model with an atmospheric reanalysis as well as observational precipitation and evaporation data. The results show the region in the northwest (region NW), ranging from the TP to Europe dominated by the westerlies, provides 38.9% of precipitation moisture for the NTP, and the region in the southeast (region SE), ranging from the TP to the Indian Ocean and Indochina dominated by the Asian monsoons, provides 51.4% of precipitation moisture for the STP. For the precipitation increase over the NTP, the SE and TP are the main contributors, contributing around 35.8% and 51.7% of the increase, respectively. The contributions from the SE and TP to the STP are, however, minor and insignificant. Meanwhile, the NW shows a negative trend of -4.2 ± 2.9mmyr -1 decade -1 (significant at the 0.01 level), which contributes to the negative precipitation trend over the STP. Results during the wet season indicate that moisture sources from the areas dominated by the Asian monsoons have contributed more precipitated moisture for the NTP, but not for the STP. Further analysis reveals that precipitated moisture originating from the Indian subcontinent has increased for the NTP while it has decreased for the STP during 1979-2016.
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