| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Getahun, H, et al.
(författare)
-
Management of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: WHO guidelines for low tuberculosis burden countries
- 2015
-
Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003 .- 0903-1936. ; 46:6, s. 1563-1576
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is characterised by the presence of immune responses to previously acquired Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection without clinical evidence of active tuberculosis (TB). Here we report evidence-based guidelines from the World Health Organization for a public health approach to the management of LTBI in high risk individuals in countries with high or middle upper income and TB incidence of <100 per 100 000 per year. The guidelines strongly recommend systematic testing and treatment of LTBI in people living with HIV, adult and child contacts of pulmonary TB cases, patients initiating anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment, patients receiving dialysis, patients preparing for organ or haematological transplantation, and patients with silicosis. In prisoners, healthcare workers, immigrants from high TB burden countries, homeless persons and illicit drug users, systematic testing and treatment of LTBI is conditionally recommended, according to TB epidemiology and resource availability. Either commercial interferon-gamma release assays or Mantoux tuberculin skin testing could be used to test for LTBI. Chest radiography should be performed before LTBI treatment to rule out active TB disease. Recommended treatment regimens for LTBI include: 6 or 9 month isoniazid; 12 week rifapentine plus isoniazid; 3–4 month isoniazid plus rifampicin; or 3–4 month rifampicin alone.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Konings, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Candidate gene association study for noise-induced hearing loss in two independent noise-exposed populations
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Annals of Human Genetics. - : Wiley. - 0003-4800 .- 1469-1809. ; 73:2, s. 215-224
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Millions of people are daily exposed to high levels of noise. Consequently, noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is one of the most important occupational health hazards worldwide. In this study, we performed an association study for NIHL based on a candidate gene approach. 644 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in 53 candidate genes were analyzed in two independent NIHL sample sets, a Swedish set and part of a Polish set. Eight SNPs with promising results were selected and analysed in the remaining part of the Polish samples. One SNP in PCDH15 (rs7095441), resulted in significant associations in both sample sets while two SNPs in MYH14 (rs667907 and rs588035), resulted in significant associations in the Polish sample set and significant interactions with noise exposure level in the Swedish sample set. Calculation of odds ratios revealed a significant association of rs588035 with NIHL in the Swedish high noise exposure level group. Our studies suggest that PCDH15 and MYH14 may be NIHL susceptibility genes, but further replication in independent sample sets is mandatory.
|
|
| 8. |
- Coffey, M, et al.
(författare)
-
Revised European core curriculum for RTs
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0887 .- 0167-8140. ; 70:2, s. 137-158
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To update the first version of the European core curriculum to reflect many developments in radiotherapy and educational philosophy that have taken place in the interim period. Materials and methods: The first version of the European core curriculum was reviewed by the Steering Group together with current education programmes from the various member states and taking into account the developments and changes that have taken place in radiotherapy. From these initial meetings, a working document and provisional timetable were prepared, Given the diversity of the existing programmes, the language difficulties and lack of national curricula it was agreed that a representative from both the clinical and academic areas endorsed by their national professional body would be identified for each country. These participants were then invited to participate in two workshops and the working document and timetable were circulated. Two workshops were held and a final draft document was circulated to the professional bodies and other interested groups. Results: The revised European Core Curriculum for RTTs was endorsed by the participants of the workshops representing academic and clinical areas of all the member states and was welcomed by the wider circulation. Compared to the first version the revised curriculum describes the background underpinning the practice of radiation therapy and the variation across the member states, issues of staffing, educational philosophy, certification level, legislation governing recognition of qualifications and a core syllabus. Conclusion: The revised core curriculum is an important step in the progress of professional recognition for RTTs, towards harmonisation of education programmes in Europe and meeting the aim of best practice and equality of care for all patients receiving radiotherapy. Responsibility for developing education programmes from the curriculum will rest with the local and/or national education bodies and authorities. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Sturm, Bart, et al.
(författare)
-
Computer-Aided Assessment of Melanocytic Lesions by Means of a Mitosis Algorithm
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Diagnostics. - : MDPI. - 2075-4418. ; 12:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An increasing number of pathology laboratories are now fully digitised, using whole slide imaging (WSI) for routine diagnostics. WSI paves the road to use artificial intelligence (AI) that will play an increasing role in computer-aided diagnosis (CAD). In melanocytic skin lesions, the presence of a dermal mitosis may be an important clue for an intermediate or a malignant lesion and may indicate worse prognosis. In this study a mitosis algorithm primarily developed for breast carcinoma is applied to melanocytic skin lesions. This study aimed to assess whether the algorithm could be used in diagnosing melanocytic lesions, and to study the added value in diagnosing melanocytic lesions in a practical setting. WSIs of a set of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slides of 99 melanocytic lesions (35 nevi, 4 intermediate melanocytic lesions, and 60 malignant melanomas, including 10 nevoid melanomas), for which a consensus diagnosis was reached by three academic pathologists, were subjected to a mitosis algorithm based on AI. Two academic and six general pathologists specialized in dermatopathology examined the WSI cases two times, first without mitosis annotations and after a washout period of at least 2 months with mitosis annotations based on the algorithm. The algorithm indicated true mitosis in lesional cells, i.e., melanocytes, and non-lesional cells, i.e., mainly keratinocytes and inflammatory cells. A high number of false positive mitosis was indicated as well, comprising melanin pigment, sebaceous glands nuclei, and spindle cell nuclei such as stromal cells and neuroid differentiated melanocytes. All but one pathologist reported more often a dermal mitosis with the mitosis algorithm, which on a regular basis, was incorrectly attributed to mitoses from mainly inflammatory cells. The overall concordance of the pathologists with the consensus diagnosis for all cases excluding nevoid melanoma (n = 89) appeared to be comparable with and without the use of AI (89% vs. 90%). However, the concordance increased by using AI in nevoid melanoma cases (n = 10) (75% vs. 68%). This study showed that in general cases, pathologists perform similarly with the aid of a mitosis algorithm developed primarily for breast cancer. In nevoid melanoma cases, pathologists perform better with the algorithm. From this study, it can be learned that pathologists need to be aware of potential pitfalls using CAD on H&E slides, e.g., misinterpreting dermal mitoses in non-melanotic cells.
|
|
