| 1. |
- Althuizen, Inge H. J., et al.
(författare)
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Long-Term climate regime modulates the impact of short-term climate variability on decomposition in alpine grassland soils
- 2018
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Ingår i: Ecosystems (New York. Print). - : Springer. - 1432-9840 .- 1435-0629. ; 21:8, s. 1580-1592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decomposition of plant litter is an important process in the terrestrial carbon cycle and makes up approximately 70% of the global carbon flux from soils to the atmosphere. Climate change is expected to have significant direct and indirect effects on the litter decomposition processes at various timescales. Using the TeaBag Index, we investigated the impact on decomposition of short-term direct effects of temperature and precipitation by comparing temporal variability over years, versus long-term climate impacts that incorporate indirect effects mediated through environmental changes by comparing sites along climatic gradients. We measured the initial decomposition rate (k) and the stabilization factor (S; amount of labile litter stabilizing) across a climate grid combining three levels of summer temperature (6.5-10.5 degrees C) with four levels of annual precipitation (600-2700 mm) in three summers with varying temperature and precipitation. Several (a)biotic factors were measured to characterize environmental differences between sites. Increased temperatures enhanced k, whereas increased precipitation decreased k across years and climatic regimes. In contrast, S showed diverse responses to annual changes in temperature and precipitation between climate regimes. Stabilization of labile litter fractions increased with temperature only in boreal and sub-alpine sites, while it decreased with increasing precipitation only in sub-alpine and alpine sites. Environmental factors such as soil pH, soil C/N, litter C/N, and plant diversity that are associated with long-term climate variation modulate the response of k and S. This highlights the importance of long-term climate in shaping the environmental conditions that influences the response of decomposition processes to climate change.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Roy, et al.
(författare)
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Korleis få professorar med på ein kollegial SoTL-kultur?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nordic journal of STEM education. - : Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Library. - 2535-4574. ; 1:1, s. 15-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I den offentlege debatten om høgare utdanning er undervisarane påfallande fråverande. Dei sterkaste stemmene tilhøyrar politikarane, studentane, institusjonsleiarane og pedagogane. Når undervisarane melder seg på er det oftast i ein klagesong over høgt arbeidspress, krevjande studentar og mangel på tid og ressursar til forsking. Kvifor oppfattar brorparten av undervisarar i høgare utdanning undervising som ei byrde og forsking som eit privilegium? Ein viktig skilnad ligg i kulturen, det kollegiale fellesskapet, som er sterkt og levande i forskinga, men nærmast fråverande i undervisinga. Dette blir stadfesta i ei nasjonal undersøking av studentar, undervisingsstab og arbeidsgjevarar innan biologiske fag. Eit av hovudmåla til Senter for framifrå utdanning i biologi (bioCEED) er å bygge ein kollegial og forskande lærarkultur (Scholarship of Teaching and Learning – SoTL). Vi meiner at nøkkelen til å utvikle ein SoTL kultur er å bringe det beste frå forskarkulturen inn i undervisingskulturen. Å dokumentere, skildre og forankre undervisninga i pedagogisk teori og å dele erfaringar i lærarkollegiet, er ei ny oppleving for mange undervisarar – men likevel kjent for dei fleste i deira forskarrolle. Her viser vi korleis ein systematisk institusjonell innsats for å bygge ein forskande og kollegial lærarkultur, inspirert av forskarkulturen, kan hjelpe ei gruppe undervisarar å finne eit felles språk og si eiga stemma i diskusjonen om læring og undervising. Ein kollegial og forskande lærarkultur endrar innhaldet og hevar nivået på dei undervisingsfaglege diskusjonane, og aukar òg engasjement, og deltaking i debatten om læring og undervising både lokalt og offentle
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| 4. |
- Auffret, Alistair G., et al.
(författare)
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More warm-adapted species in soil seed banks than in herb layer plant communities across Europe
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Ecology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-0477 .- 1365-2745. ; 111:5, s. 1009-1020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Responses to climate change have often been found to lag behind the rate of warming that has occurred. In addition to dispersal limitation potentially restricting spread at leading range margins, the persistence of species in new and unsuitable conditions is thought to be responsible for apparent time-lags. Soil seed banks can allow plant communities to temporarily buffer unsuitable environmental conditions, but their potential to slow responses to long-term climate change is largely unknown. As local forest cover can also buffer the effects of a warming climate, it is important to understand how seed banks might interact with land cover to mediate community responses to climate change. We first related species-level seed bank persistence and distribution-derived climatic niches for 840 plant species. We then used a database of plant community data from grasslands, forests and intermediate successional habitats from across Europe to investigate relationships between seed banks and their corresponding herb layers in 2763 plots in the context of climate and land cover. We found that species from warmer climates and with broader distributions are more likely to have a higher seed bank persistence, resulting in seed banks that are composed of species with warmer and broader climatic distributions than their corresponding herb layers. This was consistent across our climatic extent, with larger differences (seed banks from even warmer climates relative to vegetation) found in grasslands. Synthesis. Seed banks have been shown to buffer plant communities through periods of environmental variability, and in a period of climate change might be expected to contain species reflecting past, cooler conditions. Here, we show that persistent seed banks often contain species with relatively warm climatic niches and those with wide climatic ranges. Although these patterns may not be primarily driven by species’ climatic adaptations, the prominence of such species in seed banks might still facilitate climate-driven community shifts. Additionally, seed banks may be related to ongoing trends regarding the spread of widespread generalist species into natural habitats, while cool-associated species may be at risk from both short- and long-term climatic variability and change.
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| 5. |
- Chacón-Labella, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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From a crisis to an opportunity : Eight insights for doing science in the COVID-19 era and beyond
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 11:8, s. 3588-3596
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 crisis has forced researchers in Ecology to change the way we work almost overnight. Nonetheless, the pandemic has provided us with several novel components for a new way of conducting science. In this perspective piece, we summarize eight central insights that are helping us, as early career researchers, navigate the uncertainties, fears, and challenges of advancing science during the COVID-19 pandemic. We highlight how innovative, collaborative, and often Open Science-driven developments that have arisen from this crisis can form a blueprint for a community reinvention in academia. Our insights include personal approaches to managing our new reality, maintaining capacity to focus and resilience in our projects, and a variety of tools that facilitate remote collaboration. We also highlight how, at a community level, we can take advantage of online communication platforms for gaining accessibility to conferences and meetings, and for maintaining research networks and community engagement while promoting a more diverse and inclusive community. Overall, we are confident that these practices can support a more inclusive and kinder scientific culture for the longer term.
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| 8. |
- Geange, Sonya R., et al.
(författare)
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Next-generation field courses : Integrating Open Science and online learning
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 11:8, s. 3577-3587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As Open Science practices become more commonplace, there is a need for the next generation of scientists to be well versed in these aspects of scientific research. Yet, many training opportunities for early career researchers (ECRs) could better emphasize or integrate Open Science elements. Field courses provide opportunities for ECRs to apply theoretical knowledge, practice new methodological approaches, and gain an appreciation for the challenges of real-life research, and could provide an excellent platform for integrating training in Open Science practices. Our recent experience, as primarily ECRs engaged in a field course interrupted by COVID-19, led us to reflect on the potential to enhance learning outcomes in field courses by integrating Open Science practices and online learning components. Specifically, we highlight the opportunity for field courses to align teaching activities with the recent developments and trends in how we conduct research, including training in: publishing registered reports, collecting data using standardized methods, adopting high-quality data documentation, managing data through reproducible workflows, and sharing and publishing data through appropriate channels. We also discuss how field courses can use online tools to optimize time in the field, develop open access resources, and cultivate collaborations. By integrating these elements, we suggest that the next generation of field courses will offer excellent arenas for participants to adopt Open Science practices.
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| 9. |
- Graae, Bente J., et al.
(författare)
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Stay or go - how topographic complexity influences alpine plant population and community responses to climate change
- 2018
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Ingår i: Perspectives in plant ecology, evolution and systematics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1433-8319 .- 1618-0437. ; 30, s. 41-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the face of climate change, populations have two survival options - they can remain in situ and tolerate the new climatic conditions (stay), or they can move to track their climatic niches (go). For sessile and small-stature organisms like alpine plants, staying requires broad climatic tolerances, realized niche shifts due to changing biotic interactions, acclimation through plasticity, or rapid genetic adaptation. Going, in contrast, requires good dispersal and colonization capacities. Neither the magnitude of climate change experienced locally nor the capacities required for staying/going in response to climate change are constant across landscapes, and both aspects may be strongly affected by local microclimatic variation associated with topographic complexity. We combine ideas from population and community ecology to discuss the effects of topographic complexity in the landscape on the immediate stay or go opportunities of local populations and communities, and on the selective pressures that may have shaped the stay or go capacities of the species occupying contrasting landscapes. We demonstrate, using example landscapes of different topographical complexity, how species' thermal niches could be distributed across these landscapes, and how these, in turn, may affect many population and community ecological processes that are related to adaptation or dispersal. Focusing on treeless alpine or Arctic landscapes, where temperature is expected to be a strong determinant, our theorethical framework leads to the hypothesis that populations and communities of topographically complex (rough and patchy) landscapes should be both more resistant and more resilient to climate change than those of topographically simple (flat and homogeneous) landscapes. Our theorethical framework further points to how meta-community dynamics such as mass effects in topographically complex landscapes and extinction lags in simple landscapes, may mask and delay the long-term outcomes of these landscape differences under rapidly changing climates.
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| 10. |
- Halbritter, Aud H., et al.
(författare)
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Plant trait and vegetation data along a 1314 m elevation gradient with fire history in Puna grasslands, Perú
- 2024
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Ingår i: SCIENTIFIC DATA. - 2052-4463. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alpine grassland vegetation supports globally important biodiversity and ecosystems that are increasingly threatened by climate warming and other environmental changes. Trait-based approaches can support understanding of vegetation responses to global change drivers and consequences for ecosystem functioning. In six sites along a 1314 m elevational gradient in Puna grasslands in the Peruvian Andes, we collected datasets on vascular plant composition, plant functional traits, biomass, ecosystem fluxes, and climate data over three years. The data were collected in the wet and dry season and from plots with different fire histories. We selected traits associated with plant resource use, growth, and life history strategies (leaf area, leaf dry/wet mass, leaf thickness, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, leaf C, N, P content, C and N isotopes). The trait dataset contains 3,665 plant records from 145 taxa, 54,036 trait measurements (increasing the trait data coverage of the regional flora by 420%) covering 14 traits and 121 plant taxa (ca. 40% of which have no previous publicly available trait data) across 33 families.
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