| 1. |
- Maróti, Zoltán, et al.
(författare)
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The genetic origin of Huns, Avars, and conquering Hungarians
- 2022
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9822 .- 1879-0445. ; 32:13, s. 2858-2870, 2858–2870.e1–e7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Huns, Avars, and conquering Hungarians were migration-period nomadic tribal confederations that arrived in three successive waves in the Carpathian Basin between the 5th and 9th centuries. Based on the historical data, each of these groups are thought to have arrived from Asia, although their exact origin and relation to other ancient and modern populations have been debated. Recently, hundreds of ancient genomes were analyzed from Central Asia, Mongolia, and China, from which we aimed to identify putative source populations for the above-mentioned groups. In this study, we have sequenced 9 Hun, 143 Avar, and 113 Hungarian conquest period samples and identified three core populations, representing immigrants from each period with no recent European ancestry. Our results reveal that this “immigrant core” of both Huns and Avars likely originated in present day Mongolia, and their origin can be traced back to Xiongnus (Asian Huns), as suggested by several historians. On the other hand, the “immigrant core” of the conquering Hungarians derived from an earlier admixture of Mansis, early Sarmatians, and descendants of late Xiongnus. We have also shown that a common “proto-Ugric” gene pool appeared in the Bronze Age from the admixture of Mezhovskaya and Nganasan people, supporting genetic and linguistic data. In addition, we detected shared Hun-related ancestry in numerous Avar and Hungarian conquest period genetic outliers, indicating a genetic link between these successive nomadic groups. Aside from the immigrant core groups, we identified that the majority of the individuals from each period were local residents harboring “native European” ancestry.
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| 2. |
- Varga, Gábor, et al.
(författare)
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Cu(II)-amino acid–CaAl-layered double hydroxide complexes, recyclable, efficient catalysts in various oxidative transformations
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical. - : Elsevier BV. - 1381-1169. ; 423, s. 49-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intercalated composite materials were prepared with CaAl-layered double hydroxide as host and Cu(II)-amino acid (L-cysteine, L-histidine and L-tyrosine) complex anions as guests. Two methods (intercalation of the ligand first followed by constructing the complex; preforming the complex first, then introducing it among the layers of the host) and optimization of the synthesis conditions were performed to obtain composites having the complex exclusively among the layers. The composite materials were structurally characterized by powder X-ray diffractometry, mid infrared (IR) spectroscopy with ATR (attenuated total reflectance) or photoacoustic detections, transmission and scanning electron microscopies and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Structural features of the intercalant (coordination number, coordination sites) were elucidated by classical chemical and energy dispersive X-ray analyses, EPR (electron paramagnetic spectroscopy), X-ray absorption and far IR spectroscopies. Structural models based on these methods are also given. Catalytic activities, selectivities and recycling abilities of the substances were studied in the oxidation reactions of cyclohexene with peracetic acid and in situ formed iodosylbenzene as oxidants in the liquid phase. The catalysts were active in the Ullmann coupling reaction as well. The intercalated substances were found to be efficient and highly selective catalysts with very good recycling abilities.
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| 3. |
- Berta, Judit, et al.
(författare)
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Apelin promotes blood and lymph vessel formation and the growth of melanoma lung metastasis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Apelin, a ligand of the APJ receptor, is overexpressed in several human cancers and plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis and growth in various experimental systems. We investigated the role of apelin signaling in the malignant behavior of cutaneous melanoma. Murine B16 and human A375 melanoma cell lines were stably transfected with apelin encoding or control vectors. Apelin overexpression significantly increased melanoma cell migration and invasion in vitro, but it had no impact on its proliferation. In our in vivo experiments, apelin significantly increased the number and size of lung metastases of murine melanoma cells. Melanoma cell proliferation rates and lymph and blood microvessel densities were significantly higher in the apelin-overexpressing pulmonary metastases. APJ inhibition by the competitive APJ antagonist MM54 significantly attenuated the in vivo pro-tumorigenic effects of apelin. Additionally, we detected significantly elevated circulating apelin and VEGF levels in patients with melanoma compared to healthy controls. Our results show that apelin promotes blood and lymphatic vascularization and the growth of pulmonary metastases of skin melanoma. Further studies are warranted to validate apelin signaling as a new potential therapeutic target in this malignancy.
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| 4. |
- Bott, Lukas Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Coulomb dissociation of O-16 into He-4 and C-12
- 2023
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN ASTROPHYSICS - X, NPA-X 2022. - : EDP Sciences. - 2100-014X. ; 279
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We measured the Coulomb dissociation of O-16 into He-4 and C-12 within the FAIR Phase-0 program at GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt, Germany. From this we will extract the photon dissociation cross section O-16(alpha,gamma)C-12, which is the time reversed reaction to C-12(alpha,gamma)O-16. With this indirect method, we aim to improve on the accuracy of the experimental data at lower energies than measured so far. The expected low cross section for the Coulomb dissociation reaction and close magnetic rigidity of beam and fragments demand a high precision measurement. Hence, new detector systems were built and radical changes to the (RB)-B-3 setup were necessary to cope with the high-intensity O-16 beam. All tracking detectors were designed to let the unreacted O-16 ions pass, while detecting the C-12 and He-4.
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| 5. |
- Cinege, Gyöngyi, et al.
(författare)
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Distinctive features of Zaprionus indianus hemocyte differentiation and function revealed by transcriptomic analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-3224. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Insects have specialized cell types that participate in the elimination of parasites, for instance, the lamellocytes of the broadly studied species Drosophila melanogaster. Other drosophilids, such as Drosophila ananassae and the invasive Zaprionus indianus, have multinucleated giant hemocytes, a syncytium of blood cells that participate in the encapsulation of the eggs or larvae of parasitoid wasps. These cells can be formed by the fusion of hemocytes in circulation or originate from the lymph gland. Their ultrastructure highly resembles that of the mammalian megakaryocytes.Methods: Morphological, protein expressional, and functional features of blood cells were revealed using epifluorescence and confocal microscopy. The respective hemocyte subpopulations were identified using monoclonal antibodies in indirect immunofluorescence assays. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled Escherichia coli bacteria were used in phagocytosis tests. Gene expression analysis was performed following mRNA sequencing of blood cells.Results: D. ananassae and Z. indianus encapsulate foreign particles with the involvement of multinucleated giant hemocytes and mount a highly efficient immune response against parasitoid wasps. Morphological, protein expressional, and functional assays of Z. indianus blood cells suggested that these cells could be derived from large plasmatocytes, a unique cell type developing specifically after parasitoid wasp infection. Transcriptomic analysis of blood cells, isolated from naïve and wasp-infected Z. indianus larvae, revealed several differentially expressed genes involved in signal transduction, cell movements, encapsulation of foreign targets, energy production, and melanization, suggesting their role in the anti-parasitoid response. A large number of genes that encode proteins associated with coagulation and wound healing, such as phenoloxidase activity factor-like proteins, fibrinogen-related proteins, lectins, and proteins involved in the differentiation and function of platelets, were constitutively expressed. The remarkable ultrastructural similarities between giant hemocytes and mammalian megakaryocytes, and presence of platelets, and giant cell-derived anucleated fragments at wound sites hint at the involvement of this cell subpopulation in wound healing processes, in addition to participation in the encapsulation reaction.Conclusion: Our observations provide insights into the broad repertoire of blood cell functions required for efficient defense reactions to maintain the homeostasis of the organism. The analysis of the differentiation and function of multinucleated giant hemocytes gives an insight into the diversification of the immune mechanisms.
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| 6. |
- Dezsi, Livia, et al.
(författare)
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Inclusion body myositis - a rarely recognized disorder
- 2013
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Ingår i: Ideggyogyaszati Szemle - Clinical Neuroscience. - Budapest, Hungary : Literatura Medica Kiado. - 0019-1442. ; 66:3-4, s. 89-101
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inclusion body myositis is the most common disabling inflammatory myopathy in the elderly. It is more frequent in men and after the age of 50 years. Inflammatory and degenerative features coexist. There is a T-cell mediated autoimmunity driven by in situ clonally expanded cytotoxic CD8-positive T-cells invading non-necrotic muscle fibres expressing MHC-I antigen. The hallmarks of degeneration are the deposition of protein aggregates and the formation of vesicles. The course of the disease is slow and the diagnosis is usually set after several years. The muscle weakness and wasting is assymetric, affecting predominantly distal muscles of the upper extremity and proximal muscles of the legs. The signs and clinical course can be characteristic, but the diagnosis is established by muscle biopsy. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanThere is currently no evidence based effective treatment for sIBM. Prednisone, azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclosporine and IFN-beta failed. Oxandrolon did not improve symptoms. Treatment with intravenous immunglobuline (IVIG) induced in some patients a transient improvement of swallowing and of muscle strenght, but the overall study results were negative. less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanA T-cell depleting monoclonal antibody (alemtuzumab), in a small uncontrolled study slowed down disease progression for a six-month period. Repeated muscle biopsies showed the reduction of T-cells in the muscle and the suppression of some degeneration associated molecules. An effective therapeutic mean should act on both aspects of the pathomechanism, on the inflammatory and the degenerative processes as well.
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| 7. |
- Hortobágyi, Tibor, et al.
(författare)
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Pathophysiology of meningioma growth in pregnancy
- 2017
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Ingår i: Open Medicine (Poland). - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2391-5463. ; 12:1, s. 195-200
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Meningioma is among the most frequent brain tumours predominantly affecting elderly women. Epidemiological studies have shown that at the age of fertility the incidence is relatively low. The biological behaviour of meningioma in pregnancy is different from other meningiomas. The possible explanation is rooted in the complex physiological changes and hormonal differences during pregnancy. The increased meningioma growth observed in pregnancy is presumably the result of endocrine mechanisms. These include increase in progesterone, human placental lactogen (hPL) and prolactin (PRL) serum levels. In contrast, levels of pituitary hormones such as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) produced by the placenta are decreasing in the mother prior to childbirth. Besides, vascular factors also play a crucial role. Peritumoral brain edema (PTBE), with well-known causative association with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), can often be seen both with imaging and in the surgical specimens. Our aim is to assess published research on this topic including diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines, and to provide a clinically useful overview on the pathophysiology and biological behaviour of this rare complication of pregnancy.
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| 8. |
- Huang, Shuo, et al.
(författare)
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Combinatorial design of partial ordered Al-Cr-Mn-Co medium-entropy alloys for room temperature magnetic refrigeration applications
- 2023
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 123:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multi-component alloys have received increasing interest for functional applications in recent years. Here, we explore the magnetocaloric response for Al-Cr-Mn-Co medium-entropy alloys by integrated theoretical and experimental methods. Under the guidance of thermodynamic and ab initio calculations, a dual-phase system with large magnetic moment, i.e., Al50Cr19Mn19Co12, is synthesized, and the structural and magnetocaloric properties are confirmed via characterization. The obtained results indicate that the selected alloy exhibits a co-continuous mixture of a disordered body-centered cubic and an ordered B2 phase. The ab initio and Monte Carlo calculations indicate that the presence of the ordered B2 phase is responsible for the substantial magnetocaloric effect. The magnetization measurements demonstrated that this alloy undergoes a second-order magnetic transition with the Curie temperature of similar to 300 K. The magnetocaloric properties are examined using magnetic entropy change, refrigeration capacity, and adiabatic temperature change. The property-directed strategy explored here is intended to contribute to the study of potential multi-component alloys in magnetocaloric applications.
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| 9. |
- Kelemen, Olga, et al.
(författare)
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Proteomic analysis enables distinction of early- versus advanced-stage lung adenocarcinomas
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical and Translational Medicine. - : Wiley. - 2001-1326. ; 10:2, s. 106-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: A gel-free proteomic approach was utilized to perform in-depth tissue protein profiling of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and normal lung tissues from early and advanced stages of the disease. The long-term goal of this study is to generate a large-scale, label-free proteomics dataset from histologically well-classified lung ADC that can be used to increase further our understanding of disease progression and aid in identifying novel biomarkers.METHODS AND RESULTS: Cases of early-stage (I-II) and advanced-stage (III-IV) lung ADCs were selected and paired with normal lung tissues from 22 patients. The histologically and clinically stratified human primary lung ADCs were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. From the analysis of ADC and normal specimens, 4863 protein groups were identified. To examine the protein expression profile of ADC, a peak area-based quantitation method was used. In early- and advanced-stage ADC, 365 and 366 proteins were differentially expressed, respectively, between normal and tumor tissues (adjusted P-value < .01, fold change ≥ 4). A total of 155 proteins were dysregulated between early- and advanced-stage ADCs and 18 were suggested as early-specific stage ADC. In silico functional analysis of the upregulated proteins in both tumor groups revealed that most of the enriched pathways are involved in mRNA metabolism. Furthermore, the most overrepresented pathways in the proteins that were unique to ADC are related to mRNA metabolic processes.CONCLUSIONS: Further analysis of these data may provide an insight into the molecular pathways involved in disease etiology and may lead to the identification of biomarker candidates and potential targets for therapy. Our study provides potential diagnostic biomarkers for lung ADC and novel stage-specific drug targets for rational intervention.
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| 10. |
- Megyesfalvi, Zsolt, et al.
(författare)
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Expression patterns and prognostic relevance of subtype-specific transcription factors in surgically resected small-cell lung cancer : an international multicenter study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Pathology. - : Wiley. - 0022-3417 .- 1096-9896. ; 257:5, s. 674-686
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tissue distribution and prognostic relevance of subtype-specific proteins (ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3, YAP1) present an evolving area of research in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The expression of subtype-specific transcription factors and P53 and RB1 proteins were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 386 surgically resected SCLC samples. Correlations between subtype-specific proteins and in vitro efficacy of various therapeutic agents were investigated by proteomics and cell viability assays in 26 human SCLC cell lines. Besides SCLC-A (ASCL1-dominant), SCLC-AN (combined ASCL1/NEUROD1), SCLC-N (NEUROD1-dominant), and SCLC-P (POU2F3-dominant), IHC and cluster analyses identified a quadruple-negative SCLC subtype (SCLC-QN). No unique YAP1-subtype was found. The highest overall survival rates were associated with non-neuroendocrine subtypes (SCLC-P and SCLC-QN) and the lowest with neuroendocrine subtypes (SCLC-A, SCLC-N, SCLC-AN). In univariate analyses, high ASCL1 expression was associated with poor prognosis and high POU2F3 expression with good prognosis. Notably, high ASCL1 expression influenced survival outcomes independently of other variables in a multivariate model. High POU2F3 and YAP1 protein abundances correlated with sensitivity and resistance to standard-of-care chemotherapeutics, respectively. Specific correlation patterns were also found between the efficacy of targeted agents and subtype-specific protein abundances. In conclusion, we investigated the clinicopathological relevance of SCLC molecular subtypes in a large cohort of surgically resected specimens. Differential IHC expression of ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3 defines SCLC subtypes. No YAP1-subtype can be distinguished by IHC. High POU2F3 expression is associated with improved survival in a univariate analysis, whereas elevated ASCL1 expression is an independent negative prognosticator. Proteomic and cell viability assays of human SCLC cell lines revealed distinct vulnerability profiles defined by transcription regulators.
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