| 1. |
- Bier, Raven L., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of ecosystem size-induced environmental fluctuations on the temporal dynamics of community assembly mechanisms
- 2022
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Ingår i: The ISME Journal. - : Springer Nature. - 1751-7362 .- 1751-7370. ; 16:12, s. 2635-2643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding processes that determine community membership and abundance is important for many fields from theoretical community ecology to conservation. However, spatial community studies are often conducted only at a single timepoint despite the known influence of temporal variability on community assembly processes. Here we used a spatiotemporal study to determine how environmental fluctuation differences induced by mesocosm volumes (larger volumes were more stable) influence assembly processes of aquatic bacterial metacommunities along a press disturbance gradient. By combining path analysis and network approaches, we found mesocosm size categories had distinct relative influences of assembly process and environmental factors that determined spatiotemporal bacterial community composition, including dispersal and species sorting by conductivity. These processes depended on, but were not affected proportionately by, mesocosm size. Low fluctuation, large mesocosms primarily developed through the interplay of species sorting that became more important over time and transient priority effects as evidenced by more time-delayed associations. High fluctuation, small mesocosms had regular disruptions to species sorting and greater importance of ecological drift and dispersal limitation indicated by lower richness and higher taxa replacement. Together, these results emphasize that environmental fluctuations influence ecosystems over time and its impacts are modified by biotic properties intrinsic to ecosystem size.
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| 2. |
- Magyar, Donat, et al.
(författare)
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Dendrotelmata (water-filled tree holes) as fungal hotspots - a long term study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cryptogamie Mycologie. - : ADAC-CRYPTOGAMIE. - 0181-1584 .- 1776-100X. ; 38:1, s. 55-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water-filled tree holes (dendrotelmata) are mostly ephemeral micro-ecosystems characterized by high level of heterotrophic microbial activity sustained by allochthonous organic matter. In this paper, description of a five-year long observation of fungal consortia in a Norway maple tree-hole is presented. Overall, 139 fungal taxa were detected. Among them, Excipularia fusispora, Ellisembia leptospora, Rebentischia unicaudata, Tricladium castaneicola, Thielavia terricola and Alternaria spp. occurred most frequently. Our observations suggest that even an individual dendrotelma represents an exceptional microhabitat, forming a hot-spot for microfungi due to its role as a natural spore trap and its (temporarily) aquatic environment. Our results show that this aquatic micro-ecosystem supports highly diverse mycobiota with continuous temporal dynamics, with an important fraction of sporadic taxa.
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| 3. |
- Magyar, Donat, et al.
(författare)
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Dispersal Strategies of Microfungi
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biology of Microfungi. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783319291376 - 9783319291352 ; , s. 315-371
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Successful and efficient dispersal of fungi is crucial to the survival of the fungi, balance of ecosystems, and stability of biodiversities. Dispersal strategies of microfungi and other fungi are reviewed in detail based on the literature published in the last four decades. It covers the latest development of research on the dispersal process: liberation, transporation, deposition, resuspension, and survival of fungal spores and other propagules from microscale to macroscale. The characters of dispersal strategies of fungi from different habitats are elucidated. The fungal habitats include litter, soil, plants, insects, other animals, aquatic and marine environments, etc. For each strategy, the associated mechanisms are discussed for their ecological significance. The significance of the new technology used in the recent studies on dispersal strategies is presented. At the same time, current and future applications of dispersal strategies of microfungi are discussed in the chapter.
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| 4. |
- Szabo, Beata, et al.
(författare)
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Structuring forces and -diversity of benthic diatom metacommunities in soda pans of the Carpathian Basin
- 2018
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Ingår i: European journal of phycology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0967-0262 .- 1469-4433. ; 53:2, s. 219-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small soda lakes represent one of the most vulnerable ecosystem types due to their high hydrological sensitivity to climate change and anthropogenic interventions. Since diatoms are excellent bioindicators, determining the -diversity and the structuring dynamics of diatom metacommunities can provide valuable information for conservation planning for soda pans. In this study, two diatom metacommunities were surveyed monthly during a one-year period from distinct regions of the Carpathian basin: the Fert-Hansag National Park (FH) between 2013 and 2014, and the Danube-Tisza Interfluve (DT) between 2014 and 2015. We explored whether -diversity of diatom assemblages in the two regions is enhanced by species turnover or nestedness (related to richness differences) and investigated the role of deterministic and stochastic processes in shaping -diversity patterns. Furthermore, we evaluated the contribution of environmental variables, geographic distance and temporal variation to community structure. High -diversity (>90%) was revealed for both metacommunities, and was maintained primarily by species turnover. Within the metacommunity of the DT where the natural hydrological cycle of soda pans is not disturbed, diatom communities assembled mainly due to the selection force of environment at a spatiotemporal scale. In the soda pans located in the habitat reconstruction area of the FH, besides species-sorting, significant temporal variation in community structure appeared as a result of water management and periodic water supply. Our results point to the need for a conservation management strategy which maintains the natural hydrological regime of small saline lakes, and therefore their habitat heterogeneity which is of high conservation value.
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| 5. |
- Vass, Máté, 1990-
(författare)
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Bound to the past: Historical contingency in aquatic microbial metacommunities
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The composition of ecological communities differs due to a combination of different processes, which includes selection by local environmental conditions, dispersal from the regional species pool and random events. Additionally, historical processes such as past dispersal events may leave their imprint on communities as well, resulting in historically contingent communities. However, in most ecological studies the existence and the effect of historical processes remained hidden, even though they could be important predictors of contemporary variations in ecological communities.This thesis focuses on how historical processes could influence aquatic microbial metacommunities by investigating when and where history matters, and which factors may regulate historical contingency.Using null model approaches, evidence for historical contingency was found in natural ecosystems, more specifically rock pool metacommunities, and appeared to be more likely to influence bacterial than microeukaryotic communities.The thesis further used an outdoor mesocosm experiment to test how ecosystem-sized induced differences in environmental fluctuations influenced community assembly processes along a disturbance gradient. This study did, however, not provide strong and clear evidence for the importance of historical contingency.In the face of climate change, results from a laboratory experiment showed that historical contingencies might be strengthened with warming. Specifically, warming increased the resistance of local communities against invasion by decreasing the establishment success of migrant species. Hence, temperature-dependent historical contingency was found in aquatic bacterial communities, although its persistence differed between local communities and the degree of invasion they were exposed to.Taken together, this thesis suggests that historical processes can leave their imprint on aquatic microbial communities, even though their importance is highly context dependent. Future studies, should therefore consider historical contingency, or in other words, the legacy of the past as a potentially important mechanism that can contribute to the spatial diversity of microbial communities.
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| 6. |
- Vass, Máté, et al.
(författare)
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Co-occurrences enhance our understanding of aquatic fungal metacommunity assembly and reveal potential host–parasite interactions
- 2022
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Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Ecology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0168-6496 .- 1574-6941. ; 98:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our knowledge of aquatic fungal communities, their assembly, distributions and ecological roles in marine ecosystems is scarce. Hence, we aimed to investigate fungal metacommunities of coastal habitats in a subarctic zone (northern Baltic Sea, Sweden). Using a novel joint species distribution model and network approach, we quantified the importance of biotic associations contributing to the assembly of mycoplankton, further, detected potential biotic interactions between fungi–algae pairs, respectively. Our long-read metabarcoding approach identified 493 fungal taxa, of which a dominant fraction (44.4%) was assigned as early-diverging fungi (i.e. Cryptomycota and Chytridiomycota). Alpha diversity of mycoplankton declined and community compositions changed along inlet–bay–offshore transects. The distributions of most fungi were rather influenced by environmental factors than by spatial drivers, and the influence of biotic associations was pronounced when environmental filtering was weak. We found great number of co-occurrences (120) among the dominant fungal groups, and the 25 associations between fungal and algal OTUs suggested potential host–parasite and/or saprotroph links, supporting a Cryptomycota-based mycoloop pathway. We emphasize that the contribution of biotic associations to mycoplankton assembly are important to consider in future studies as it helps to improve predictions of species distributions in aquatic ecosystems.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Vass, Máté, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial hitchhikers on microplastics : the exchange of aquatic microbes across distinct aquatic habitats
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environmental Microbiology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1462-2912 .- 1462-2920. ; 26:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microplastics (MPs) have the potential to modify aquatic microbial communities and distribute microorganisms, including pathogens. This poses a potential risk to aquatic life and human health. Despite this, the fate of ‘hitchhiking’ microbes on MPs that traverse different aquatic habitats remains largely unknown. To address this, we conducted a 50-day microcosm experiment, manipulating estuarine conditions to study the exchange of bacteria and microeukaryotes between river, sea and plastisphere using a long-read metabarcoding approach. Our findings revealed a significant increase in bacteria on the plastisphere, including Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Hyphomonas, Brevundimonas, Aquabacterium and Thalassolituus, all of which are known for their pollutant degradation capabilities, specifically polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We also observed a strong association of plastic-degrading fungi (i.e., Cladosporium and Plectosphaerella) and early-diverging fungi (Cryptomycota, also known as Rozellomycota) with the plastisphere. Sea MPs were primarily colonised by fungi (70%), with a small proportion of river-transported microbes (1%–4%). The mere presence of MPs in seawater increased the relative abundance of planktonic fungi from 2% to 25%, suggesting significant exchanges between planktonic and plastisphere communities. Using microbial source tracking, we discovered that MPs only dispersed 3.5% and 5.5% of river bacterial and microeukaryotic communities into the sea, respectively. Hence, although MPs select and facilitate the dispersal of ecologically significant microorganisms, drastic compositional changes across distinct aquatic habitats are unlikely.
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| 10. |
- Vass, Mate, et al.
(författare)
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Microeukaryote community coalescence strengthens community stability and elevates diversity
- 2024
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Ingår i: FEMS Microbiology Ecology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0168-6496 .- 1574-6941. ; 100:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mixing of entire microbial communities represents a frequent, yet understudied phenomenon. Here, we mimicked estuarine condition in a microcosm experiment by mixing a freshwater river community with a brackish sea community and assessed the effects of both environmental and community coalescences induced by varying mixing processes on microeukaryotic communities. Signs of shifted community composition of coalesced communities towards the sea parent community suggest asymmetrical community coalescence outcome, which, in addition, was generally less impacted by environmental coalescence. Community stability, inferred from community cohesion, differed among river and sea parent communities, and increased following coalescence treatments. Generally, community coalescence increased alpha diversity and promoted competition from the introduction (or emergence) of additional (or rare) species. These competitive interactions in turn had community stabilizing effect as evidenced by the increased proportion of negative cohesion. The fate of microeukaryotes was influenced by mixing ratios and frequencies (i.e. one-time versus repeated coalescence). Namely, diatoms were negatively impacted by coalescence, while fungi, ciliates, and cercozoans were promoted to varying extents, depending on the mixing ratios of the parent communities. Our study suggests that the predictability of coalescence outcomes was greater when the sea parent community dominated the final community, and this predictability was further enhanced when communities collided repeatedly.
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