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- Andersen, Randi Dovland, et al.
(författare)
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Pain assessment practices in Swedish and Norwegian neonatal care units
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Blackwell Publishing. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 32:3, s. 1074-1082
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The use of measurement scales to assess pain in neonates is considered a prerequisite for effective management of pain, but these scales are still underutilised in clinical practice.AIM: The aim of this study was to describe and compare pain assessment practices including the use of pain measurement scales in Norwegian and Swedish neonatal care units.METHODS: A unit survey investigating practices regarding pain assessment and the use of pain measurement scales was sent to all neonatal units in Sweden and Norway (n = 55). All Norwegian and 92% of Swedish units responded.RESULTS: A majority of the participating units (86.5%) assessed pain. Swedish units assessed and documented pain and used pain measurement scales more frequently than Norwegian units. The most frequently used scales were different versions of Astrid Lindgren's Pain Scale (ALPS) in Sweden and Echelle Douleur Inconfort Noveau-Ne (EDIN), ALPS and Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) in Norway. Norwegian head nurses had more confidence in their pain assessment method and found the use of pain measurement scales more important than their Swedish colleagues.CONCLUSION: The persisting difference between Swedish and Norwegian units in pain assessment and the use of pain measurement scales are not easily explained. However, the reported increased availability and reported use of pain measurement scales in neonatal care units in both countries may be seen as a contribution towards better awareness and recognition of pain, better pain management and potentially less suffering for vulnerable neonates.
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- Kristoffersen, Laila, et al.
(författare)
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Skin-to-skin contact during eye examination did not reduce pain compared to standard care with parental support in preterm infants
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 108:8, s. 1434-1440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: We compared the pain relieving effect of skin-to-skin contact versus standard care in the incubator during screening for retinopathy of prematurity.METHODS: This randomised crossover study included 35 preterm infants of less than 32 weeks of gestational age admitted to St Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, between January 2014 and June 2016. Randomisation was for skin-to-skin with one of the parents or standard care with supportive positioning by parents for the first of two consecutive eye examinations. The pain score was measured twice using the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) during and after the eye examination. The infants' movement activity was video recorded after the examination.RESULTS: There was no difference in mean pain scores with skin-to-skin contact versus standard care during (10.2 vs. 10.3, p = 0.91) or after (7.0 vs. 6.8, p = 0.76) the procedure. Independent of the randomisation group, PIPP scores were lower than previous comparable studies have found. Bouts of movement activity were also the same whether the examination was conducted in skin-to-skin position or in the incubator (p = 0.91).CONCLUSION: Skin-to-skin contact during the eye examination did not provide additional pain relief compared to standard care where the parents were already a part of the multidimensional approach.
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- Olsson, Emma, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Cultural adaptation and harmonization of four Nordic translations of the revised Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP-R)
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2431. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Preterm infants are especially vulnerable to pain. The intensive treatment often necessary for their survival unfortunately includes many painful interventions and procedures. Untreated pain can lead to both short- and long-term negative effects. The challenge of accurately detecting pain has been cited as a major reason for lack of pain management in these non-verbal patients. The Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) is one of the most extensively validated measures for assessing procedural pain in premature infants. A revised version, PIPP-R, was recently published and is reported to be more user-friendly and precise than the original version. The aims of the study were to develop translated versions of the PIPP-R in Finnish, Icelandic, Norwegian, and Swedish languages, and to establish their content validity through a cultural adaptation process using cognitive interviews.Methods: PIPP-R was translated using the recommendations from the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research and enhanced with cognitive interviews. The respondent nurse was given a copy of the translated, national version of the measure and used this together with a text describing the infant in the film to assess the pain of an infant in a short film. During the assessment the nurse was asked to verbalize her thought process (thinking aloud) and upon completion the interviewer administered probing questions (verbal probing) from a structured interview guide. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a structured matrix approach.Results: The systematic approach resulted in translated and culturally adapted versions of PIPP-R in the Finnish, Icelandic, Norwegian and Swedish languages. During the cultural adaptation process several problems were discovered regarding how the respondent understood and utilized the measure. The problems were either measure problems or other problems. Measure problems were solved by a change in the translated versions of the measure, while for other problems different solutions such as education or training were suggested.Conclusions: This study have resulted in translations of the PIPP-R that have content validity, high degree of clinical utility and displayed beginning equivalence with each other and the original version of the measure.
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