| 1. |
- Joshi, Hemant, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of microbial genomics approaches for novel antibiotic target
- 2019
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Ingår i: Microbial genomics in sustainable agroecosystems. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789813298606 - 9789813298590 ; , s. 75-88
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infectious diseases are life-threatening and may lead to high mortality and morbidity rates. The existing danger of an increase and spread of multidrug resistance pathogens is a global concern. Therefore, the designing of novel antibiotics and vaccine to control and eliminate the disease is an utmost requirement. Traditional approaches for screening vaccine and drug targets are time-consuming and have been unsuccessful in controlling the spread of infectious diseases due to several reasons such as altered antigenic diversity, altered virulence potential, and antimicrobial resistance in the infectious agent population. To overcome this problem, there has been a paradigm shift from the conventional to microbial genomics approaches, as the availability of complete genome sequence of pathogenic microorganisms and multiple isolates of the same species provides a wealth of information on nearly all the potential drug targets. Microbial genomics approaches open up new avenues to pursuit novel antimicrobial agents that are highly conserved in a range of microbes, essential for the survival of pathogens and absent in humans. In this chapter, we present an overview of the microbial genomics approaches such as pan-genomics, comparative genomics, functional genomics, structural genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics used in the discovery and development of novel antibiotics.
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| 2. |
- Malkani, Sherina, et al.
(författare)
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Circulating miRNA Spaceflight Signature Reveals Targets for Countermeasure Development
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cell Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-1247. ; 33:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have identified and validated a spaceflight-associated microRNA (miRNA) signature that is shared by rodents and humans in response to simulated, short-duration and long-duration spaceflight. Previous studies have identified miRNAs that regulate rodent responses to spaceflight in low-Earth orbit, and we have confirmed the expression of these proposed spaceflight-associated miRNAs in rodents reacting to simulated spaceflight conditions. Moreover, astronaut samples from the NASA Twins Study confirmed these expression signatures in miRNA sequencing, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and single-cell assay for transposase accessible chromatin (scATAC-seq) data. Additionally, a subset of these miRNAs (miR-125, miR-16, and let-7a) was found to regulate vascular damage caused by simulated deep space radiation. To demonstrate the physiological relevance of key spaceflight-associated miRNAs, we utilized antagomirs to inhibit their expression and successfully rescue simulated deep-space-radiation-mediated damage in human 3D vascular constructs.
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| 3. |
- Manias, Dimitrios, et al.
(författare)
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Isolation and characterization of endophytes : biochemical and molecular approach
- 2020
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Ingår i: Microbial endophytes. - Duxford : Woodhead Publishing Limited. - 9780128187340 ; , s. 1-14
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endophytes are microorganisms residing inside the plants with an escalating interest for the scientific community. The plethora of endophyte-derived medicinal molecules and the application potentials in agriculture and bioremediation are some of the reasons why endophytes are extensively studied. Endophytes which can be either endophytic fungi or bacteria have been isolated from a wide variety of plants. The huge diversity among the endophytic microbes and the host plants hinders the establishment of a uniform protocol for isolation of endophytes. However, the most common technique that is currently used involves a thorough surface sterilization followed by fragmentation of the plant tissue and culture of the fragments onto agar plates. Nevertheless, non-culturable microorganisms are usually omitted from the aforementioned procedure and molecular approaches have to be applied for a more inclusive isolation. Sequencing of 16S rRNA for bacteria and ITS or 18S rRNA for fungi can be applied to both culturable and unculturable endophytes. Sometimes, morphological examination can be a further validation for the identification of the isolated strains. Subsequently, a variety of biochemical and molecular approaches including colorimetry, spot assays, chromatographies, and gene-targeted PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification are performed in order to further characterize the endophytic strains. Scrutinous functional analysis of endophytes may provide valuable insights into the advancement of agriculture, medicine, and industry. In this chapter, methods for the isolation of endophytic bacteria/fungi, identification, and their characterization depending on their functional role are discussed and provided as a helpful toolbox for a new researcher in the endophyte field.
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| 4. |
- Verma, Akanksha, et al.
(författare)
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Epigenetic regulation and transcriptional memory in development; selection facilitating prudence
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Developmental Biology. - : UPV/EHU Press. - 0214-6282 .- 1696-3547. ; 64:1-3, s. 191-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The epigenetic mechanisms regulating developmental gene expression are examples of a strategy to generate unique expression profiles with global regulators controlling several genes. In a simplified view, a common set of tools, that include DNA motif recognizing proteins (recruiters), binding/interacting surfaces (ARPs- actin related proteins), epigenetic writers (histone methyltransferases, acetylases), readers (chromatin remodeling proteins, PRC1 members) and erasers (demethylases, deacetylases) form complexes which not only regulate transcription, but also retain the transcriptional memory through mitosis. There are two arms of epigenetic regulation: covalent modification of DNA and the post-translational modification of histones. In this review, we discuss both of these aspects briefly to illustrate functional diversity. We discuss our efforts at utilization of the genome sequence data for de novo identification of new players and their functional validation in this remarkable process.
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