| 1. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
- Amnebrink, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Structuring of marine prokaryotic gene expression by temperature and dissolved organic matter
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Temperature and dissolved organic matter (DOM) are important drivers of marine microbial activity, but their effects, alone or in combination, on the physiological responses of sub-arctic prokaryotic assemblages remain poorly understood. In a one-month mesocosm experiment initiated in early March in the northern Baltic Sea, we thus exposed a coastal microbial community to temperature and nutrient regimes representative of winter and early summer (i.e., 1°C and 10°C, with and without DOM additions) in a 2x2 factorial design. Prokaryotic abundance and heterotrophic production increased until around day 17 in the 10°C mesocosms. Yet, mid through the experiment (days 10 and 17, when samples for metatranscriptomics analyses were analyzed), estimates of growth rates were highest for the 10°C plus DOM treatment (TN; ~2.5 day-1), comparable for the 1°C plus DOM (N) and the 10°C treatments (T; ~1.0 day-1), and low for the control (C; 0.2 day-1). PCA analysis showed that samples for prokaryotic transcription in the 1°C plus DOM and the 10°C treatments clustered in different directions from the control, and the combined 10°C plus DOM treatment triggered even further changes. Taxonomic analysis of the transcripts uncovered broad treatment specific responses. This included a dominance of Nitrosopumilus (Archaea) in the 1°C mesocosms (with and without DOM), an increase in the relative expression of Alphaproteobacteria (both Rhodobacterales and SAR11) in the 10°C mesocosms without DOM addition, and an increase in Oceanospirillales in the 10°C plus DOM treatment. Burkholderiales (Betaproteobacteria) maintained a high relative expression (up to 25%) in all mesocosms. A PERMANOVA on the total of 182,618 transcribed genes revealed statistically significant effects of both temperature and DOM, and also a significant interaction effect between the two factors. EdgeR analysis identified significant differential transcription for up to 10% of the genes in each of the tested contrasts. Prominent features among the significant genes included Nitrosopumilus genes for ammonium uptake and ammonia oxidation in the 1°C mesocosms (C, N), membrane transporters for small organic acids in the N-treatment, genes for N and P assimilation along with molecular chaperones in the T-treatment, and dominance of Oceanospirillales genes for energy and growth metabolism in the TN treatment. These metatranscriptomics responses were associated with changes in ecologically important characteristics of the prokaryotic communities, such as growth rates and growth efficiency, providing clues to how successional changes in community composition and metabolism are induced by environmental conditions linked with seasonality.
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| 3. |
- Bianco, Federica B., et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of the Observing Cadence for the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time : A Pioneering Process of Community-focused Experimental Design
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 258:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vera C. Rubin Observatory is a ground-based astronomical facility under construction, a joint project of the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy, designed to conduct a multipurpose 10 yr optical survey of the Southern Hemisphere sky: the Legacy Survey of Space and Time. Significant flexibility in survey strategy remains within the constraints imposed by the core science goals of probing dark energy and dark matter, cataloging the solar system, exploring the transient optical sky, and mapping the Milky Way. The survey's massive data throughput will be transformational for many other astrophysics domains and Rubin's data access policy sets the stage for a huge community of potential users. To ensure that the survey science potential is maximized while serving as broad a community as possible, Rubin Observatory has involved the scientific community at large in the process of setting and refining the details of the observing strategy. The motivation, history, and decision-making process of this strategy optimization are detailed in this paper, giving context to the science-driven proposals and recommendations for the survey strategy included in this Focus Issue.
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| 4. |
- Dixit, Vijaya, et al.
(författare)
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Capacity management under uncertain demand and distribution policies: the case of Indian vaccine supply chain
- 2024
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Ingår i: International Journal of Production Research. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 0020-7543 .- 1366-588X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigates the cause-and-effect relationships between production capacity decisions and the choice of distribution policy aspects of managing an extensive vaccination programme. The Indian COVID-19 vaccine supply chain is taken as a case study, and Indian demographic data is utilised. A Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) model is developed to estimate time period-wise demand corresponding to each distribution policy. Furthermore, eight different capacity management models involving different capacity addition and transfer strategies for four different distribution policies are formulated. The trade-off between effectiveness and efficiency objectives, namely Vaccine Supply Chain total cost and service level, is investigated by comparing the Pareto frontiers of the proposed models. Furthermore, the models are compared based on capacity transfer cost, capacity addition cost, and variation in region-wise service level. The results reveal that organisations can simultaneously save significant costs and achieve higher service levels if they cautiously align their capacity management approach and the distribution policy on the demand front. Capacity management interventions at the national level result in more service levels and lower variation and costs than at the regional level.
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| 5. |
- KC, Ashish, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Implementing a simplified neonatal resuscitation protocol-helping babies breathe at birth (HBB) : at a tertiary level hospital in Nepal for an increased perinatal survival
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMC Pediatrics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2431. ; 12:1, s. 159-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Reducing neonatal death has been an emerging challenge in low and middle income countries in the past decade. The development of the low cost interventions and their effective delivery are needed to reduce deaths from birth asphyxia. This study will assess the impact of a simplified neonatal resuscitation protocol provided by Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) at a tertiary hospital in Nepal. Perinatal outcomes and performance of skilled birth attendants on management of intrapartum-related neonatal hypoxia will be the main measurements.METHODS:The study will be carried out at a tertiary level maternity hospital in Nepal. A prospective cohort-study will include a six-month baseline a six month intervention period and a three-month post intervention period. A quality improvement process cycle will introduce the neonatal resuscitation protocol. A surveillance system, including CCD cameras and pulse oximeters, will be set up to evaluate the intervention.DISCUSSION: Along with a technique to improve health workers performance on the protocol, the study will generate evidence on the research gap on the effectiveness of the simplified neonatal resuscitation protocol on intrapartum outcome and early neonatal survival. This will generate a global interest and inform policymaking in relation to delivery care in all income settings.Trial registrationISRCTN97846009.
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| 6. |
- Kumar, Pravin, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenomic evaluation of Mangrovimicrobium sediminis gen. nov. sp. nov., the first nitrogen fixing member of the family Halieaceae adapted to mangrove habitat and reclassification of Halioglobus pacificus to Pseudohaliglobus pacificus comb. nov.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 933
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The taxonomic position and genomic characteristics of a nitrogen fixing and polymer degrading marine bacterium, strain SAOS 164 isolated from a mangrove sediment sample was investigated. Sequence analysis based on 16S rRNA gene identified it as a member of family Halieaceae with closest similarity to Haliea salexigens DSM 19537T (96.3 %), H. alexandrii LZ-16-2T (96.2 %) and Parahaliea maris HSLHS9T (96.0 %) but was distantly related to the genera Haliea, Parahaliea and Halioglobus in phylogenetic trees. In order to ascertain the exact taxonomic position, phylogeny based on RpoBC proteins, whole genome, core and orthologous genes, and comparative analysis of metabolic potential retrieved the strain in an independent lineage clustering along with the genera Halioglobus, Pseudohalioglobus and Seongchinamella. Further, various genome based delimitation parameters represented by mol % GC content, percentage of conserved proteins (POCP), and amino acid identity (AAI) along with chemotaxonomic markers (i.e. fatty acids and polar lipids) supported the inferences of genome based phylogeny and indicated that the strain SAOS 164 belongs to a novel genus. The genome was mapped to 4.8 Mb in size with 65.1 % DNA mol% G + C content. In-silico genomic investigation and phenotyping revealed diverse metabolite genes/pathways related to polymer hydrolysis, nitrogen fixation, light induced growth, carbohydrate, sulfur, phosphorus and amino acid metabolism, virulence factors, defense mechanism, and stress-responsive elements facilitating survival in the mangrove habitat. Based on polyphasic taxonomic approach including genome analyses, a novel genus Mangrovimicrobium sediminis gen. nov. sp. nov. (=SAOS 164T = MTCC 12907T = KCTC 52755T = JCM 32136T) is proposed. Additionally, the reclassification of Halioglobus pacificus (=DSM 27932T = KCTC 23430T = S1–72T) to Pseudhalioglobus pacificus comb. nov. is also proposed.
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| 7. |
- Matsui, Yasuhiro, et al.
(författare)
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Direct Modulation Lasers for High-speed Data Communication Systems
- 2022
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Ingår i: OECC/PSC 2022. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reviews the high-speed directly modulated laser physics known for a long while yet recently have regained attention to realize a bandwidth reaching to 100 GHz. Chirp-managed laser for reach extension is also discussed.
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| 8. |
- Mohanty, Swabhiman, et al.
(författare)
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In vivo intrinsic atomic interaction infer molecular eco-toxicity of industrial TiO(2 )nanoparticles via oxidative stress channelized steatosis and apoptosis in Paramecium caudatum
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. - : Elsevier. - 0147-6513 .- 1090-2414. ; 241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ecotoxicological effect of after-usage released TiO2 nanoparticles in aquatic resources has been a major concern owing to their production and utilization in different applications. Addressing the issue, this study investigates the detailed in vivo molecular toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles with Paramecium caudatum. TiO2 nano particles were synthesized at a lab scale using high energy ball milling technique; characterized for their physicochemical properties and investigated for their ecotoxicological impact on oxidative stress, steatosis, and apoptosis of cells through different biochemical analysis, flow cytometry, and fluorescent microscopy. TiO2 nanoparticles; TiO2 (N15); of size 36 +/- 12 nm were synthesized with a zeta potential of 20.2 +/- 8.8 mV and bandgap of 4.6 +/- 0.3 eV and exhibited a blue shift in UV-spectrum. Compared to the Bulk TiO2, the TiO2 (N15) exhibited higher cytotoxicity with a 24 h LC50 of 202.4 mu g/ml with P. Caudatum. The mechanism was elucidated as the size and charge-dependent internalization of nanoparticles leading to abnormal physiological metabolism in oxidative stress, steatosis, and apoptosis because of their influential effect on the activity of metabolic proteins like SOD, GSH, MDA, and catalase. The study emphasized the controlled usage TiO2 nanoparticles in daily activity with a concern for ecological and biomedical aspects.
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| 9. |
- Rai, Nilesh, et al.
(författare)
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Fungal Endophytes : an Accessible Source of Bioactive Compounds with Potential Anticancer Activity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. - : Springer. - 0273-2289 .- 1559-0291. ; 194, s. 3296-3319
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endophytes either be bacteria, fungi, or actinomycetes colonize inside the tissue of host plants without showing any immediate negative effects on them. Among numerous natural alternative sources, fungal endophytes produce a wide range of structurally diverse bioactive metabolites including anticancer compounds. Considering the production of bioactive compounds in low quantity, genetic and physicochemical modification of the fungal endophytes is performed for the enhanced production of bioactive compounds. Presently, for the treatment of cancer, chemotherapy is majorly used, but the side effects of chemotherapy are of prime concern in clinical practices. Also, the drug-resistant properties of carcinoma cells, lack of cancer cells-specific medicine, and the side effects of drugs are the biggest obstacles in cancer treatment. The interminable requirement of potential drugs has encouraged researchers to seek alternatives to find novel bioactive compounds, and fungal endophytes seem to be a probable target for the discovery of anticancer drugs. The present review focuses a comprehensive literature on the major fungal endophyte-derived bioactive compounds which are presently been used for the management of cancer, biotic factors influencing the production of bioactive compounds and about the challenges in the field of fungal endophyte research.
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| 10. |
- Verma, Ashish, et al.
(författare)
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Prokaryotic maintenance respiration and growth efficiency field patterns reproduced by temperature and nutrient control at mesocosm scale
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Microbiology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1462-2912 .- 1462-2920. ; 25:3, s. 721-737
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The distribution of prokaryotic metabolism between maintenance and growth activities has a profound impact on the transformation of carbon substrates to either biomass or CO2. Knowledge of key factors influencing prokaryotic maintenance respiration is, however, highly limited. This mesocosm study validated the significance of prokaryotic maintenance respiration by mimicking temperature and nutrients within levels representative of winter and summer conditions. A global range of growth efficiencies (0.05-0.57) and specific growth rates (0.06-2.7 d(-1)) were obtained. The field pattern of cell-specific respiration versus specific growth rate and the global relationship between growth efficiency and growth rate were reproduced. Maintenance respiration accounted for 75% and 15% of prokaryotic respiration corresponding to winter and summer conditions, respectively. Temperature and nutrients showed independent positive effects for all prokaryotic variables except abundance and cell-specific respiration. All treatments resulted in different taxonomic diversity, with specific populations of amplicon sequence variants associated with either maintenance or growth conditions. These results validate a significant relationship between specific growth and respiration rate under productive conditions and show that elevated prokaryotic maintenance respiration can occur under cold and oligotrophic conditions. The experimental design provides a tool for further study of prokaryotic energy metabolism under realistic conditions at the mesocosm scale.
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