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- Eriksson Baaz, Maria, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Arbiters with guns: the ambiguity of military involvement in civilian disputes in the DR Congo
- 2014
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Ingår i: Third World Quarterly. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0143-6597 .- 1360-2241. ; 35:5, s. 803-820
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on extensive field research in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo), this article elucidates the logics, processes and readings surrounding certain ‘extra-military’ practices enacted by the Congolese army, namely the processing of various types of disputes between civilians. Exceeding the boundaries of the domain of ‘public security’, such activities are commonly categorised as ‘corruption’. Yet such labelling, founded on a supposed clear-cut public–private divide, obscures the underlying processes and logics, in particular the fact that these practices are located on a blurred public–private spectrum and result from both civilian demand and military imposition. Furthermore, popular readings of military involvement in civilian disputes are highly ambiguous, simultaneously representing it as ‘abnormal’ and ‘harmful’, and normalising it as ‘making sense’ – reflecting the militarised institutional environment and the weakness of civilian authorities in the eastern DR Congo. Strengthening these authorities will be vital for reducing this practice, which has an enkindling effect on the dynamics of conflict and violence
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| 3. |
- Eriksson Baaz, Maria, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Confronting the colonial : The (re)production of ‘African’ exceptionalism in critical security and military studies
- 2018
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Ingår i: Security Dialogue. - : SAGE Publications. - 0967-0106 .- 1460-3640. ; 49:1-2, s. 57-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing on postcolonial theory, this article queries into the ways in which the concepts of militarism/militarization and securitization are applied to ‘African’ contexts. We highlight the selective nature of such application and probe into the potential reasons for and effects of this selectiveness, focusing on its signifying work. As we argue, the current selective uses of securitization and militarism/militarization in ‘Africa’ scholarship tend to recreate troublesome distinctions between ‘developed’ versus ‘underdeveloped’ spaces within theory and methodology. In particular, they contribute to the reproduction of familiar colonially scripted imagery of a passive and traditional ‘Africa’, ruled by crude force and somehow devoid of ‘liberal’ ideas and modes of governing. Yet we do not suggest simply discarding ‘selectiveness’ or believe that there are any other easy remedies to the tensions between universalism and particularism in theory application. Recognizing the ambivalent workings of colonial discourse, we rather contend that any attempts to trace the colonial into the present use of the concepts of securitization and militarism/militarization need to acknowledge the problematic nature of both discourses of ‘African’ Otherness and those of universalism and sameness.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson Baaz, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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La "mère des armées" n’est pas encore morte : Des pratiques de justice (in)formelle dans les Forces armées de la République démocratique du Congo
- 2013
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Ingår i: Politique Africaine. - : CAIRN. - 0244-7827 .- 2264-5047. ; :129, s. 49-72
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cet article remet en cause l’idée d’une impunité « quasi-totale » parmi les forces armées congolaises en présentant une série de pratiques punitives et réparatrices ayant lieu hors du cadre de la justice militaire. Il analyse les différents mécanismes et logiques qui informent les pratiques « informelles » et « formelles » de la justice et explore comment ces pratiques sont vues et lues tant par les civils que les militaires, surtout par rapport à leur « in/formalité » et la façon dont elles « rendent la justice ». Cela permet de conclure que les différences entre justice « formelle » et « informelle » sont, à plusieurs égards, davantage une question de degré que de nature.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson Baaz, Maria, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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The Agency of Liminality : Army Wives in the DR Congo and the Tactical Reversal of Militarization
- 2017
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Ingår i: Critical Military Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2333-7486 .- 2333-7494. ; 3:3, s. 267-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The inherently unstable boundaries between military and civilian worlds have emerged as a main object of study within the field of critical military studies. This article sheds light on the (re)production of these boundaries by attending to a group that rarely features in the debates on the military/civilian divide: army wives in a ‘non-Northern’ context, more specifically the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Drawing upon the ‘analytical toolbox’ of governmentality, we explore how civilian and military positionalities are called upon, articulated, and subverted in the governing and self-governing of Congolese army wives. We show the decisive importance of these wives’ civilian–military ‘in-betweenness’ both in efforts to govern them and in their exercise of agency, in particular the ways in which they ‘tactically reverse’ militarization. The article also demonstrates the dispersed nature of the governing arrangements surrounding army wives, highlighting the vital role of ‘the civilian’ as well as the ‘agency of those being militarized’ within processes of militarization. By foregrounding the relevance of studying Congolese army wives and their militarization with an analytical toolbox often reserved for so called ‘advanced militaries/societies’, and by revealing numerous similarities between the Congolese and ‘Northern’ contexts, the article also sets out to counter the Euro/US-centrism and ‘theoretical discrimination’ that mark present-day (critical) military studies.
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| 9. |
- Eriksson Baaz, Maria, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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The agency of liminality: army wives in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the tactical reversal of militarization
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Critical Military Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2333-7486 .- 2333-7494. ; 3:3, s. 267-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The inherently unstable boundaries between military and civilian worlds have emerged as a main object of study within the field of critical military studies. This article sheds light on the (re)production of these boundaries by attending to a group that rarely features in the debates on the military/civilian divide: army wives in a ‘non-Northern’ context, more specifically the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Drawing upon the ‘analytical toolbox’ of governmentality, we explore how civilian and military positionalities are called upon, articulated, and subverted in the governing and self-governing of Congolese army wives. We show the decisive importance of these wives’ civilian–military ‘in-betweenness’ both in efforts to govern them and in their exercise of agency, in particular the ways in which they ‘tactically reverse’ militarization. The article also demonstrates the dispersed nature of the governing arrangements surrounding army wives, highlighting the vital role of ‘the civilian’ as well as the ‘agency of those being militarized’ within processes of militarization. By foregrounding the relevance of studying Congolese army wives and their militarization with an analytical toolbox often reserved for so called ‘advanced militaries/societies’, and by revealing numerous similarities between the Congolese and ‘Northern’ contexts, the article also sets out to counter the Euro/US-centrism and ‘theoretical discrimination’ that mark present-day (critical) military studies.
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