| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Borisov, S, et al.
(författare)
-
Surveillance of adverse events in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis: first global report
- 2019
-
Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003 .- 0903-1936. ; 54:6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that countries implement pharmacovigilance and collect information on active drug safety monitoring (aDSM) and management of adverse events.The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of adverse events to anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs in a cohort of consecutive TB patients treated with new (i.e. bedaquiline, delamanid) and repurposed (i.e. clofazimine, linezolid) drugs, based on the WHO aDSM project. Adverse events were collected prospectively after attribution to a specific drug together with demographic, bacteriological, radiological and clinical information at diagnosis and during therapy. This interim analysis included patients who completed or were still on treatment at time of data collection.Globally, 45 centres from 26 countries/regions reported 658 patients (68.7% male, 4.4% HIV co-infected) treated as follows: 87.7% with bedaquiline, 18.4% with delamanid (6.1% with both), 81.5% with linezolid and 32.4% with clofazimine. Overall, 504 adverse event episodes were reported: 447 (88.7%) were classified as minor (grade 1–2) and 57 (11.3%) as serious (grade 3–5). The majority of the 57 serious adverse events reported by 55 patients (51 out of 57, 89.5%) ultimately resolved. Among patients reporting serious adverse events, some drugs held responsible were discontinued: bedaquiline in 0.35% (two out of 577), delamanid in 0.8% (one out of 121), linezolid in 1.9% (10 out of 536) and clofazimine in 1.4% (three out of 213) of patients. Serious adverse events were reported in 6.9% (nine out of 131) of patients treated with amikacin, 0.4% (one out of 221) with ethionamide/prothionamide, 2.8% (15 out of 536) with linezolid and 1.8% (eight out of 498) with cycloserine/terizidone.The aDSM study provided valuable information, but implementation needs scaling-up to support patient-centred care.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Porcar-Castell, A., et al.
(författare)
-
EUROSPEC: at the interface between remote-sensing and ecosystem CO2 flux measurements in Europe
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4189. ; 12:20, s. 6103-6124
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resolving the spatial and temporal dynamics of gross primary productivity (GPP) of terrestrial ecosystems across different scales remains a challenge. Remote sensing is regarded as the solution to upscale point observations conducted at the ecosystem level, using the eddy covariance (EC) technique, to the landscape and global levels. In addition to traditional vegetation indices, the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) and the emission of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), now measurable from space, provide a new range of opportunities to monitor the global carbon cycle using remote sensing. However, the scale mismatch between EC observations and the much coarser satellite-derived data complicates the integration of the two sources of data. The solution is to establish a network of in situ spectral measurements that can act as bridge between EC measurements and remote sensing data. In situ spectral measurements have been already conducted for many years at EC sites, but using variable instrumentation, setups, and measurement standards. In Europe in particular, in situ spectral measurements remain highly heterogeneous. The goal of EUROSPEC Cost Action ES0930 was to promote the development of common measuring protocols and new instruments towards establishing best practices and standardization of in situ spectral measurements. In this review we describe the background and main tradeoffs of in situ spectral measurements, review the main results of EUROSPEC Cost Action, and discuss the future challenges and opportunities of in situ spectral measurements for improved estimation of local and global carbon cycle.
|
|
| 6. |
- Balzarolo, Manuela, et al.
(författare)
-
Ground-Based Optical Measurements at European Flux Sites: A Review of Methods, Instruments and Current Controversies
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 11:8, s. 7954-7981
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reviews the currently available optical sensors, their limitations and opportunities for deployment at Eddy Covariance (EC) sites in Europe. This review is based on the results obtained from an online survey designed and disseminated by the Co-cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action ESO903-"Spectral Sampling Tools for Vegetation Biophysical Parameters and Flux Measurements in Europe" that provided a complete view on spectral sampling activities carried out within the different research teams in European countries. The results have highlighted that a wide variety of optical sensors are in use at flux sites across Europe, and responses further demonstrated that users were not always fully aware of the key issues underpinning repeatability and the reproducibility of their spectral measurements. The key findings of this survey point towards the need for greater awareness of the need for standardisation and development of a common protocol of optical sampling at the European EC sites.
|
|
| 7. |
- Weber, A. P., et al.
(författare)
-
Magnetic coupling of Fe-porphyrin molecules adsorbed on clean and c(2 x 2) oxygen-reconstructed Co(100) investigated by spin-polarized photoemission spectroscopy
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 87:18, s. 184411-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spin-polarized electronic structure of iron octaethylporphyrin (FeOEP) molecules adsorbed on a pristine and on a c(2 x 2) oxygen-reconstructed Co(100) surface has been analyzed by means of spin-polarized photoemission spectroscopy (SPPES) and first-principles density functional theory with the on-site Coulomb repulsion U term (DFT + U) calculations with and without Van der Waals corrections. The aim is to examine the magnetic exchange mechanism between the FeOEP molecules and the Co(100) substrate in the presence or absence of the oxygen mediator. The results demonstrate that the magnetic coupling from the ferromagnetic substrate to the adsorbed FeOEP molecules is ferromagnetic, whereas, the coupling is antiferromagnetic for the FeOEP on the c(2 x 2)O/Co(100) system. Spin-resolved partial densities of states extracted from ab initio DFT + U modeling are in fairly good comparison with the electronic spectral densities seen in angle-integrated SPPES energy dispersion curves for submonolayer coverages of FeOEP. Through combined analysis of these spectra and theoretical results, we determine that hybridization of 2p orbitals of N and O with Co 3d orbitals facilitates indirect magnetic exchange interactions between Fe and Co, whereas, a direct Fe-Co interaction involving the Fe d(z)2 orbital is also found for FeOEP on Co. It is observed through SPPES that the spin polarization of the photoemission-visible molecular overlayers decreases to zero as coverage is increased beyond the submonolayer regime, indicating that only interfacial magnetic coupling is at work. Microspot low-energy electron diffraction and low-energy electronmicroscopy were performed to characterize the physical order of the molecular coverage, revealing that FeOEP structural domains are orders of magnitude greater in size on c(2 x 2)O/Co(100) than on clean Co(100), which coincides with reduced scattering from the disorder and sharper features seen in SPPES.
|
|
