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| 2. |
- Byström, JW, et al.
(författare)
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Serological assessment of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in northern Sweden by the use of at-home sampling to meet geographical challenges in rural regions
- 2022
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Ingår i: medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences. - : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted a need for easy and safe blood sampling in combination with accurate serological methodology. Venipuncture is usually performed by trained staff at health care centers. Long travel distances may introduce a bias of testing towards relatively large communities with close access to health care centers. Rural regions may thus be overlooked. Here, we demonstrate a sensitive method to measure antibodies to the S-protein of SARS-CoV-2. We adapted and optimized this assay for clinical use together with capillary blood sampling to meet the geographical challenges of serosurveillance. Finally, we tested remote at-home capillary blood sampling together with centralized assessment of S-specific IgG in a rural region of northern Scandinavia that encompasses 55,185 sq kilometers. We conclude that serological assessment from capillary blood sampling gives comparable results as analysis of venous blood. Importantly, at-home sampling enabled citizens living in remote rural areas access to centralized and sensitive laboratory antibody tests.
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| 4. |
- Salomonsson, A., et al.
(författare)
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A Nation-Wide Population-Based Mapping of Targetable Alterations in Smoking-Independent Lung Cancer
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Thoracic Oncology. - : Elsevier. - 1556-0864 .- 1556-1380. ; 13:10, s. S431-S432
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Smoking is by far the most important cause of lung cancer. However, lung cancer among never-smokers is common and increasing [1]. A smoking-independent subgroup of lung adenocarcinoma with certain molecular and clinical features exists [2-3]. Therefore, as 1st project within the Swedish Molecular Initiative against Lung cancer (SMIL) we aim to characterize never-smoking lung cancer for etiological, diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.Method: Through the Swedish National Lung Cancer Registry [1], we identified all individuals who underwent surgery for lung cancer in Sweden 2005-2014 and who were registered as never-smokers (n=540). At each study site (n=6), clinical data were reviewed by a thoracic oncologist/pulmonologist through patients' medical charts and archived tumor tissues were retrieved and reviewed by a thoracic pathologist. For subsequent studies, we extracted DNA and RNA (using the Qiagen AllPrep kit for FFPE tissue) and constructed tissue microarrays. As a first pre-planned analysis, we performed fusion gene mapping using an RNA-based NanoString nCounter Elements assay, as previously described [4].Result: In the first 212 (out of 540) analyzed samples, we detected 17 fusions involving ALK, 8 involving RET, and 2 involving NRG1. In addition, MET exon 14 skipping was found in 17 samples. In total, these findings involved 21% of analyzed cases. Additional results from further studies on the cohort will be presented.Conclusion: SMIL is an ongoing nation-wide molecular research collaboration on lung cancer where we currently collect one of the largest never-smoking lung tumor cohorts worldwide. From the first pre-planned analyses, we conclude that, in a population-based cohort of early stage lung cancer from never-smokers, druggable oncogenic fusions are frequent.
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| 5. |
- Åberg, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Helicobacter pylori adapts to chronic infection and gastric disease via ph-responsive baba-mediated adherence
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cell Host and Microbe. - : Elsevier BV. - 1931-3128 .- 1934-6069. ; 21:3, s. 376-389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The BabA adhesin mediates high-affinity binding of Helicobacter pylori to the ABO blood group antigen-glycosylated gastric mucosa. Here we show that BabA is acid responsive-binding is reduced at low pH and restored by acid neutralization. Acid responsiveness differs among strains; often correlates with different intragastric regions and evolves during chronic infection and disease progression; and depends on pH sensor sequences in BabA and on pH reversible formation of high-affinity binding BabA multimers. We propose that BabA's extraordinary reversible acid responsiveness enables tight mucosal bacterial adherence while also allowing an effective escape from epithelial cells and mucus that are shed into the acidic bactericidal lumen and that bio-selection and changes in BabA binding properties through mutation and recombination with babA-related genes are selected by differences among individuals and by changes in gastric acidity over time. These processes generate diverse H. pylori subpopulations, in which BabA's adaptive evolution contributes to H. pylori persistence and overt gastric disease.
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| 7. |
- Faxen-Irving, G., et al.
(författare)
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Do malnutrition, sarcopenia and frailty overlap in nursing-home residents?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Frailty & Aging. - : Springer. - 2260-1341 .- 2273-4309. ; 10:1, s. 1-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To study the prevalence and overlap between malnutrition, sarcopenia and frailty in a selected group of nursing home (NH) residents. Design Cross-sectional descriptive study. Setting: Nursing homes (NH).Participants: 92 residents taking part in an exercise and oral nutritional supplementation study; >75 years old, able to rise from a seated position, body mass index <= 30 kg/m(2)and not receiving protein-rich oral nutritional supplements.Measurements: The MNA-SF and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria were used for screening and diagnosis of malnutrition (moderate or severe), respectively. Sarcopenia risk was assessed by the SARC-F Questionnaire (0-10p; >= 4=increased risk), and for diagnosis the European Working Group of Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) criteria was used. To screen for frailty the FRAIL Questionnaire (0-5p; 1-2p indicating pre-frailty, and >3p indicating frailty), was employed.Results: Average age was 86 years; 62% were women. MNA-SF showed that 30 (33%) people were at risk or malnourished. The GLIM criteria verified malnutrition in 16 (17%) subjects. One third (n=33) was at risk for sarcopenia by SARC-F. Twenty-seven (29%) subjects displayed confirmed sarcopenic according to EWGSOP2. Around 50% (n=47) was assessed as pre-frail or frail. Six people (7%) suffered from all three conditions. Another five (5%) of the residents were simultaneously malnourished and sarcopenic, but not frail, while frailty coexisted with sarcopenia in 10% (n=9) of non-malnourished residents. Twenty-nine (32%) residents were neither malnourished, sarcopenic nor frail.Conclusions: In a group of selected NH residents a majority was either (pre) frail (51%), sarcopenic (29%) or malnourished (17%). There were considerable overlaps between the three conditions.
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| 8. |
- Rosén, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced early sensory outcome after nerve repair as a result of immediate post-operative re-learning: A randomized controlled trial.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Hand Surgery: European Volume. - : SAGE Publications. - 2043-6289 .- 1753-1934. ; 40:6, s. 598-606
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assessed the use of guided plasticity training to improve the outcome in the first 6 months after nerve repair. In a multicentre randomized controlled trial, 37 adults with median or ulnar nerve repair at the distal forearm were randomized to intervention, starting the first week after surgery with sensory and motor re-learning using mirror visual feedback and observation of touch, or to a control group with re-learning starting when reinnervation could be detected. The primary outcome at 3 and 6 months post-operatively was discriminative touch (shape texture identification test, part of the Rosen score). At 6 months, discriminative touch was significantly better in the early intervention group. Improvement of discriminative touch between 3 and 6 months was also significantly greater in that group. There were no significant differences in motor function, pain or in the total score. We conclude that early re-learning using guided plasticity may have a potential to improve the outcomes after nerve repair. Level of evidence: II.
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| 10. |
- Vikström, A.C., et al.
(författare)
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In Vivo Doses of Acrylamide and Glycidamide in Humans after Intake of Acrylamide-Rich Food
- 2011
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Ingår i: Toxicological Sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1096-6080 .- 1096-0929. ; 119:1, s. 41-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For assessment of cancer risk from acrylamide (AA) exposure through food, the relation between intake from food in humans and the in vivo doses (area under the concentration-time curve, AUC) of AA (AUC-AA) and of its genotoxic metabolite glycidamide (GA) (AUC-GA) is used as a basis for extrapolation between exposure levels and between species. In this study, AA-rich foods were given to nonsmokers: a high intake of 11 mu g AA/kg body weight (bw) and day for 4 days or an extra (medium) intake of 2.5 mu g AA/kg bw and day for a month. Hemoglobin (Hb)-adduct levels from AA and GA, measured in blood samples donated before and after exposures, were used for calculation of AUC-AA and AUC-GA using reaction rate constants for the adduct formation measured in vitro. Both AA- and GA-adduct levels increased about twofold after the periods with enhanced intake. AUC for the high and medium groups, respectively, in nanomolar hours per microgram AA per kilogram bw, was for AA 212 and 120 and for GA 49 and 21. The AA intake in the high group was better controlled and used for comparisons with other data. The AUCs per exposure dose obtained in the present human study (high group) are in agreement with those previously obtained at 10(2) times higher exposure levels in humans. Furthermore, the values of AUC-AA and AUC-GA are five and two times higher, respectively, than the corresponding values for F344 rats exposed to AA at levels as in published cancer bioassays.
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