| 1. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
- 2021
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Ingår i: eLife. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
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| 2. |
- Bixby, H., et al.
(författare)
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Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 569:7755, s. 260-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.
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| 5. |
- Hakola, L., et al.
(författare)
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Maternal fatty acid intake during pregnancy and the development of childhood overweight : a birth cohort study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Pediatric Obesity. - : WILEY. - 2047-6302 .- 2047-6310. ; 12, s. 26-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundMaternal diet during pregnancy may contribute to the risk of offspring adiposity. ObjectivesThe objective of the study is to explore the associations between maternal antenatal dietary fatty acid intake and the risk of offspring overweight and obesity at the ages of 2 to 7years. MethodsIn a prospective Finnish birth cohort with 3807 mother-child pairs, maternal diet in late pregnancy was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Intakes of total fatty acids and individual saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were calculated. Generalized estimating equation models were used to study the associations of maternal dietary variables with repeatedly measured offspring overweight and obesity. ResultsIn girls, maternal intake ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFAs had a U-shaped association with obesity (adjusted OR for the lowest 2.0 [95% CI 1.27-3.20] and the highest 1.7 [1.03-2.73] vs. the two middle quartiles of n-6:n-3 PUFAs, p=0.01). In boys, arachidonic acid (20:4n-6): docosahexaenoic acid+eicosapentaenoic acid ratio was associated with obesity (adjusted OR for the lowest 1.0 [0.60-1.57] and the highest 0.5 [0.26-0.88] vs. the two middle quartiles, p=0.02). Saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids were not associated with overweight or obesity in either sex. ConclusionsMaternal intakes of PUFAs in late pregnancy were associated with risk of later obesity differently in girls and boys.
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| 9. |
- Kaltiala-Heino, R, et al.
(författare)
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Has the adolescents' weight concern increased over 20 years?
- 2003
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - Univ Tampere, Tampere Sch Publ Hlth, Tampere 33014, Finland. Tampere Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Tampere, Finland. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Unit Nutr, Helsinki, Finland. Tampere Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Tampere, Finland. Natl Dev & Res Ctr Hlth & Welf STAKES, Helsinki, Finland. : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 13:1, s. 4-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the proportion of 12 to 18-year-old adolescents perceiving themselves to be overweight has increased from the late 1970s to the late 1990s, and to evaluate how self-reported weight is associated with weight concern in the different age groups among girls and boys, and how this association has changed over time. Material: A nationally representative sample of 26,700 girls and 23,346 boys, aged 12-18 years, who responded to the postal survey study Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Survey in 1979-1999. Methods: Self-reported information about weight, height and satisfaction with one's own weight. Results: Girls reported more concerns of being overweight than boys. The proportion of those perceiving themselves as being overweight decreased over time both among overweight and among normal weight adolescents. Conclusion: Even if the adolescent population has gained weight, they are less concerned at being overweight than earlier. It seems that adolescents compare themselves rather to the peers close to them than to ideal models provided by culture at large.
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