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- Menkveld, Albert J., et al.
(författare)
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Nonstandard Errors
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF FINANCE. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-1082 .- 1540-6261. ; 79:3, s. 2339-2390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty-nonstandard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for more reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants.
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- Schafmayer, Clemens, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association analysis of diverticular disease points towards neuromuscular, connective tissue and epithelial pathomechanisms
- 2019
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 0017-5749 .- 1468-3288. ; 68:5, s. 854-865
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Diverticular disease is a common complex disorder characterised by mucosal outpouchings of the colonic wall that manifests through complications such as diverticulitis, perforation and bleeding. We report the to date largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic risk factors for diverticular disease. Design Discovery GWAS analysis was performed on UK Biobank imputed genotypes using 31 964 cases and 419 135 controls of European descent. Associations were replicated in a European sample of 3893 cases and 2829 diverticula-free controls and evaluated for risk contribution to diverticulitis and uncomplicated diverticulosis. Transcripts at top 20 replicating loci were analysed by real-time quatitative PCR in preparations of the mucosal, submucosal and muscular layer of colon. The localisation of expressed protein at selected loci was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results We discovered 48 risk loci, of which 12 are novel, with genome-wide significance and consistent OR in the replication sample. Nominal replication (p< 0.05) was observed for 27 loci, and additional 8 in meta-analysis with a population-based cohort. The most significant novel risk variant rs9960286 is located near CTAGE1 with a p value of 2.3x10-10 and 0.002 (OR allelic = 1.14 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.24)) in the replication analysis. Four loci showed stronger effects for diverticulitis, PHGR1 (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.56), FAM155A-2 (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.42), CALCB (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.33) and S100A10 (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.33). Conclusion I n silico analyses point to diverticulosis primarily as a disorder of intestinal neuromuscular function and of impaired connective fibre support, while an additional diverticulitis risk might be conferred by epithelial dysfunction.
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- Vogel, Hans J, et al.
(författare)
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Phosphorus-31 NMR studies of smooth muscle from guinea-pig taenia coli
- 1983
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Ingår i: Bioscience Reports. - 0144-8463. ; 3:9, s. 863-870
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phosphorus-31 NMR spectra of superfused isometrically mounted guinea-pig taenia coli were obtained using a horizontal probe at 103.2 MHz. The spectra showed resonances for ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr), and a sugar phosphate resonance. The PCr/ATP ratio was between 1.5 and 2.0 consistent with chemical analysis of tissue extracts. The level of PCr, but not of ATP, decreases reversibly during contraction or inhibition of respiration. These conditions did not cause substantial changes in the intracellular pH, which was 7.0 +/- 0.1.
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- Anund Vogel, Jonas, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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A Note on Developing A New Type of Construction Contracts to Promote New Technologies and Sustainability
- 2024
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Ingår i: Civil Engineering Research Journal. - : Juniper Publishers. - 2575-8950. ; 14:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In its different forms, the built environment is the single largest energy consumer in the EU, and one of the largest carbon dioxide emitters. Green buildings and smart technologies are two of the most important elements to reach this goal. In a situation where the use of new technologies and new knowledge becomes more important as well as the news flow increase the role of the technical consultant becomes more important. Also, the client/developer role become increasingly important when buildings turn from storage facilities to service generating entities. A closer alliance between client and consultant is necessary to align business models with new technologies. Contracts are the most important instrument to shape incentive structures for optimal economic outcomes, as well as for shaping incentives for optimal operation of smart and sustainable buildings. In this paper we propose a contract design that incentivise consultants to fully use their knowledge to make sure that planned systems are installed and operated in an optimal manner. There are in general two approaches to this type of contract design. The first is to write a detailed contract setting out how to deal with possible outcomes going forward. The second, and the approach used in this paper, is to write a less detailed contract that sets out a framework of incentives for continuing cooperation and to keep a good reputation.
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- Anund Vogel, Jonas, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Att styra allmänningar – en studie av svenska bostadsrättsföreningar
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - Stockholm. - 0345-2646. ; :2, s. 55-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det är viktigt i ett samhälle att ha institutioner som bidrar till ett effektivt utnyttjande av resurser. Syftet med denna artikel är att granska den svenska bostadsrättsformen utifrån de kriterier som Elinor Ostrom formulerat rörande vad som bidrar till en effektiv förvaltning av en ”allmänning”. Avslutningsvis presenteras också reformförslag som vi bedömer skulle minska problemen i dagens strukturer, problem som främst sammanhänger med att den som startar föreningen och bygger dess hus inte har något långsiktigt ansvar.
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