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- Biström, M., et al.
(författare)
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Leptin levels are associated with multiple sclerosis risk
- 2019
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Ingår i: Multiple Sclerosis Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 1352-4585 .- 1477-0970. ; 25:Suppl. 2, s. 904-904
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: One environmental factor that in the last decade repeatedly has been linked to increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) is overweight, including obesity, early in life. The incidence of both MS and overweight are increasing, making elucidation of this connection important. The adipokine leptin is strongly correlated to both body mass index and total fat mass and the peptide hormone insulin is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, making leptin and insulin suitable biomarkers to investigate the connection between overweight and MS.Objectives: To determine if leptin or insulin are risk factors for developing relapsing MS.Aims: To further the understanding of how overweight influence MS risk.Methods: In this case-control study, we compared concentrations of leptin and insulin in 649 individuals that later developed relapsing-remitting MS with 649 matched controls. Cases were matched for biobank, sex, date of sampling and age with decreasing priority. Only prospectively collected samples from individuals below the age of 40 were included in the study. Conditional logistic regression was performed on log10 transformed and z-scored values for the entire group, separately for men and women and divided into age groups.Results: A 1-unit leptin z-score increase was associated with increased risk of MS in individuals below 20 years of age (odds ratio [OR] 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–1.9) and for all men (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0–2.0). In contrast, for women aged 30-39 years there was a lower risk of MS with increased leptin levels (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.54–1.0) when adjusting for insulin levels. No statistically significant association was found between insulin levels and MS risk.Conclusions: We show that the pro-inflammatory adipokine leptin is a risk factor for MS among young individuals. The age dependent relationship between leptin and MS risk in women - for whom leptin levels are several-fold higher than in men - suggests a possible role for leptin as being the link between MS risk and being overweight early in life.
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- Cheng, Q., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical epidemiology of Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults in Sweden 1996-97 : A prospective study
- 2000
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Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 7:6, s. 685-692
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We described clinical manifestations, outcomes, prognostic indicators and clinico-epidemiological subgroups for 53 adult patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in Sweden during the period 1996-97. These patients were identified from a population of 2.8 million inhabitants and prospectively followed up for one year by a network of neurologists. An additional 10 cases, of whom five were adults who had not been prospectively followed up, were not included in the analyses. At 6 months after onset 80% of the patients could walk without aid, while at 1 year 46% were fully recovered, 42% had mild residual signs or symptoms, 4% had moderate and 6% severe disabilities, and 2% had died. Intravenous human immunoglobulin or plasmapheresis were used in 72% of the patients. The sum of the Medical Research Council (MRC) score at nadir was found as the only significant predictor for residual signs at 1 year in a multivariate model. Three subgroups, with different clinico-epidemiological characteristics, were identified by using cluster analysis. In conclusion, GBS in Sweden is frequently preceded by a respiratory infection, is often treated with immunomodulatory therapies, and exhibits a high recovery rate and a low fatality rate.
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