| 1. |
- André, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Analysis of Swedish Forest Owners' Information and Knowledge-Sharing Networks for Decision-Making : Insights for Climate Change Communication and Adaptation
- 2017
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Ingår i: Environmental Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0364-152X .- 1432-1009. ; 59:6, s. 885-897
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To further the understanding of climate change adaptation processes, more attention needs to be paid to the various contextual factors that shape whether and how climate-related knowledge and information is received and acted upon by actors involved. This study sets out to examine the characteristics of forest owners' in Sweden, the information and knowledge-sharing networks they draw upon for decision-making, and their perceptions of climate risks, their forests' resilience, the need for adaptation, and perceived adaptive capacity. By applying the concept of ego-network analysis, the empirical data was generated by a quantitative survey distributed to 3000 private forest owners' in Sweden in 2014 with a response rate of 31%. The results show that there is a positive correlation, even though it is generally weak, between forest owner climate perceptions and (i) network features, i.e. network size and heterogeneity, and (ii) presence of certain alter groups (i.e. network members or actors). Results indicate that forest owners' social networks currently serve only a minimal function of sharing knowledge of climate change and adaptation. Moreover, considering the fairly infrequent contact between respondents and alter groups, the timing of knowledge sharing is important. In conclusion we suggest those actors that forest owners' most frequently communicate with, especially forestry experts providing advisory services (e.g. forest owner associations, companies, and authorities) have a clear role to communicate both the risks of climate change and opportunities for adaptation. Peers are valuable in connecting information about climate risks and adaptation to the actual forest property.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Blanco, Victor, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of forest owner decision-making, climatic change and societal demands on land-use change and ecosystem service provision in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecosystem Services. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-0416. ; 23, s. 174-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The uncertain effects of climatic change and changing demands for ecosystem services on the distribution of forests and their levels of service provision require assessments of future land-use change, ecosystem service provision, and how ecosystem service demands may be met. We present CRAFTY-Sweden, an agent-based, land-use model that incorporates land owner behaviour and decision-making in modelling future ecosystem service provision in the Swedish forestry sector. Future changes were simulated under scenarios of socio-economic and climatic change between 2010 and 2100. The simulations indicate that the influence of climatic change (on land productivities) may be less important than that of socio-economic change or behavioural differences. Simulations further demonstrate that the variability in land owner and societal behaviour has a substantial role in determining the direction and impact of land-use change. The results indicate a sizeable increase in timber harvesting in coming decades, which together with a substantial decoupling between supply and demand for forest ecosystem services highlights the challenge of continuously meeting demands for ecosystem services over long periods of time. There is a clear need for model applications of this kind to better understand the variation in ecosystem service provision in the forestry sector, and other associated land-use changes.
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| 4. |
- Forsbacka, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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A Legal Analysis Of Terms and Conditions For Green Bonds : Focus on the Financial Markets in the Nordics
- 2019
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Ingår i: Europarättslig tidskrift. - : Europarättslig tidskrift. - 1403-8722 .- 2002-3561. ; 3, s. 397-442
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global financial system needs to be aligned with the energy transition to alow-carbon future. Green bonds, i.e. bonds specifically earmarked to be usedfor climate and environmental projects, issued by public and private issuers areimportant for funding climate and sustainable projects. However, although thegreen bond market has shown exponential growth in recent years, it still doesnot account for more than around 2% of global bond issuances in the last twoyears.1 The purpose of this paper is to analyse and discuss if the Swedish, Finnishand Danish green bond markets (here the Nordic green bond market2) couldbe made more effective by strengthening the legal contracts and if, and to whatextent, legal regulation is required and desirable. Effectiveness is here defined as facilitating for an increased issue of green bonds, without compromisingthe integrity of the bonds (“greenwashing”). The paper includes a review andanalysis of the contract documentation of the issuers on the Nordic green bondmarket, a study that has not been made before. The issuers’ impact reporting ofgreen bonds is also analysed, as impact reporting is central for the transparencyof green bonds. Ongoing EU regulatory and related initiatives that may affectthe green bond market are discussed. The research indicates that the introduction of “green” undertakings in the contracts would not make the green bondmarket more effective. Regulation should support unification and transparency,but needs to be flexible and non-exclusive, or it could hinder growth and innovation of the market, and increase the risk for greenwashing.
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| 5. |
- Johannessen, Åse, et al.
(författare)
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Strategies for building resilience to hazards in water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) systems : the role of public private partnerships
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-4209. ; 10:part A, s. 102-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to enhance understanding of how the resilience of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) systems to hazards can be improved. In turn, this aims to inform different strategies for public and private partnerships (PPPs). In a new approach, to acknowledge the multi levelled nature of resilience; risk at the relevant levels are taken into account, (regional/river basin, urban area, and individual). For these levels, we first describe the different components of risk, vulnerability and resilience of the WASH system that influence people׳s exposure to hazards. We illustrate these components using examples from case studies in the literature. Using a social learning lens - a crucial ingredient of resilience - we examine opportunities for reducing risks through improving public–private engagement. These are presented as strategies which could guide investment decisions: As pressures from climate change and development add up, businesses must become aware of the risks involved in operating and investing without considering ecosystem health, both in terms of the services they provide for mitigating floods and droughts, as well as in terms of the development approaches that define how ecosystems are managed (e.g. “making space” for, rather than controlling water). There is a need to develop an institutional culture that strives towards greener and more resilient urban environments with the help of various quality assurance methods. Partnerships must reach the poorer customer base, encourage informal small entrepreneurs, and boost financial mechanisms (e.g. micro-insurance, micro-finance) to support the most vulnerable in society
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| 6. |
- Keskitalo, E Carina H, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptation to climate change in the insurance sector : examples from the UK, Germany and the Netherlands
- 2014
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Ingår i: Natural Hazards. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-030X .- 1573-0840. ; 71:1, s. 315-334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adaptation to climate change, particularly flood risks, may come to pose large challenges in the future and will require cooperation among a range of stakeholders. However, there presently exists little research especially on the integration of the private sector in adaptation. In particular, recently developed state programs for adaptation have so far been focused on the public sector. Insurance providers may have much to contribute as they offer other parts of society services to appropriately identify, assess and reduce the financial impacts of climate change-induced risks. This study aims to explore how the institutional distribution of responsibility for flood risk is being renegotiated within the UK, Germany and Netherlands. Examining how the insurance industry and the public sector can coordinate their actions to promote climate change adaptation, the study discusses how layered natural hazard insurance systems may result from attempts to deal with increasing risks due to increasing incidences of extreme events and climate change. It illustrates that concerns over the risks from extreme natural events have prompted re-assessments of the current systems, with insurance requiring long-term legislative frameworks that defines the objectives and responsibilities of insurers and the different political authorities.
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| 7. |
- Keskitalo, E. Carina H., 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive capacity building in Saxony : Responses in planning and policy to the 2002 flood
- 2013
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Ingår i: Climate change and flood risk management. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 978 1 78100 666 5 - 978 1 78100 667 2 ; , s. 35-66
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In summer 2002, copious rainfall in central Europe caused widespread flooding in the catchment area of the Elbe and Danube Rivers which claimed 112 casualties and caused €21.1 billion in damage (EEA 2003; DKKV 2004). The historical city of Dresden in Eastern Germany, with more than half a million inhabitants, was one of the hardest hit areas. Flash floods of tributaries as well as flooding of the Elbe proper inundated large parts of the city and cut off upstream municipalities, making the event one of the largest natural disasters in the last decade in Europe. In this study we review policy responses to the flood and consider the extent to which these have affected the adaptive capacity of governmental authorities at multiple levels to address future flood risks in relation to climate change. The study concludes that nested institutional arrangements and communication among them, as well comprehensive and implementation-oriented knowledge about extreme events and climate change impacts are important for developing adaptation policies.
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| 8. |
- Vulturius, Gregor, et al.
(författare)
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National survey of forestry professionals in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: Mistra-SWECIA Annual Report 2014. - Stockholm : Mistra, Stiftelsen för miljöstrategisk forskning. ; , s. 10-11
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 2014, Mistra-SWECIA conducted an extensive survey of forest owners and forestry advisors in Sweden. The aim of the study was to gain a more comprehensive picture of how foresters in Sweden view climate change and adaptation. The survey asked about the risks associated with climate change, views on different adaptation measures, and the importance of having science-based information for decision-making.
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| 9. |
- Vulturius, Gregor, et al.
(författare)
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Overcoming social barriers to learning and engagement with climate change adaptation : experiences with Swedish forestry stakeholders
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 30:3, s. 217-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Climate change is expected to significantly affect forestry in the coming decades. Thus, it is important to raise awareness of climate-related risks – and opportunities – among forest stakeholders, and engage them in adaptation. However, many social barriers have been shown to hinder adaptation, including perceptions of climate change as irrelevant or not urgent, underestimates of adaptive capacity and lack of trust in climate science. This study looks into how science-based learning experiences can help overcome social barriers to adaptation, and how learning in itself may be hindered by those barriers. The study examines the role of learning in engagement with climate change adaptation with the help of the theory of transformative learning. Our analysis is based on follow-up interviews conducted with 24 Swedish forestry stakeholders who had participated in a series of focus group discussions about climate change impacts and adaptation measures. We find that many stakeholders struggled to form an opinion based on what they perceived as uncertain and contested scientific knowledge. The study concludes that engagement with climate change adaptation can be increased if the scientific knowledge addresses the needs, objectives and aspirations of stakeholders and relates to their previous experiences with climate change and extreme weather events.
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| 10. |
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