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| 3. |
- Elgh-Dalgren, Kristin, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Laboratory and pilot scale soil washing of PAH and arsenic from a wood preservation site : Changes in concentration and toxicity
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 172:2-3, s. 1033-1040
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil washing of a soil with a mixture of both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and As was evaluated in laboratory and pilot scale, utilizing both single and mixtures of different additives. The highest level of decontamination was achieved with a combination of 0.213 M of the chelating agent MGDA and 3.2xCMC* of a nonionic, alkyl glucoside surfactant at pH 12 (Ca(OH)2). This combination managed to reach Swedish threshold values within 10 min of treatment when performed at elevated temperature (50°C), with initial contaminant concentrations of As = 105±4 mg/kg and US-EPA PAH16 = 46.0±2.3 mg/kg. The main mechanisms behind the removal were the pH-effect for As and a combination of SOM-ionization as a result of high pH and micellar solubilization for PAHs. Implementation of the laboratory results utilizing a pilot scale equipment did not improve the performance, which may be due to the shorter contact time between the washing solution and the particles, or changes in physical characteristics of the leaching solution due to the elevated pressure utilized. The ecotoxicological evaluation, Microtox®, demonstrated that all soil washing treatments increased the toxicity of soil leachates, possibly due to increased availability of contaminants and toxicity of soil washing solutions to the test organism.
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| 4. |
- Figuière, Romain, et al.
(författare)
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Risk-based screening for prioritisation of organic micropollutants in Swedish freshwater
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Concerns about environmental contamination by organic micropollutants (OMPs) are increasing, due to their potential bioaccumulative and toxic properties. This study evaluated the risk posed by OMPs to aquatic eco- systems in Swedish freshwaters. The assessment was based on measured environmental concentrations (MEC) of OMPs in surface waters upstream and downstream of Swedish wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). A novel optimised risk quotient (RQf) was used to identify potential high-risk substances in the aquatic environment. A secondary objective was to assess the impact of WWTP effluent on aquatic ecosystems using a novel impact factor (I) based on the risk quotient (RQ). Among the 126 substances investigated, four compounds (metformin, N,N- dimethyltetradecylamine, oxazepam, and venlafaxine) were identified as likely to pose a risk to aquatic eco- systems in Swedish surface waters (RQf>1), and five compounds (clindamycin, gemfibrozil, sertraline, o-des- methylvenlafaxine, and diclofenac) were identified as posing a moderate risk to aquatic ecosystems ( 0.1 f<1). WWTP effluent appeared to pose an environmental risk for all recipient sites, but the impact of calculated RQ was site-specific. These results can be used by authorities to prioritise OMPs and contaminated hotspots, in order to decrease negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems.Synopsis: A novel optimised risk assessment approach for identification of high-concern organic micropollutants in aquatic environments.
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- Kasiuliene, Alfreda, et al.
(författare)
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Accumulation of heavy metals in forest dwarf shrubs and dominant mosses as bioindicators of atmospheric pollution
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Elementology. - Olsztyn : Polish Society for Magnesium Research. - 1644-2296. ; 24:3, s. 1079-1090
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses the environmental concerns about heavy metal accumulation in dominant forest mosses and dwarf shrubs. Samples of two different species of mosses, such as glittering wood moss (Hylocomium splendens) and feathermoss (Pleurozium schreberi), and two species of dwarf shrubs, that is European blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), were collected from specifically chosen areas with evident anthropogenic pollution (vicinity of an airport and close to heavy road traffic) and from contamination-free, secluded forest areas in Lithuania and Sweden. Instrumental analysis of heavy metals, including cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and zinc, revealed that the selected plant species tend to accumulate zinc and copper the most and chromium the least. Forest mosses, used as indicators of airborne pollution, accumulated less heavy metals than dwarf shrubs, indicating more metal accumulation from the soil. The results also revealed that forest, dwarf shrub leaves even picked from areas with known anthropogenic pollution sources were safe to use. since concentrations of cadmium and lead remained below the maximum permissible level. A multivariate data analysis model with two principle components explained more than 70% of the data variation. The heavy metal content in soil was the most distinctive factor separating the Lithuanian and Swedish sites. Cadmium and chromium soil contents were more significant in the Lithuanian soils, whereas copper, lead, and zinc were more significant in the Swedish soils.
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- Khokhotva, Oleksandr, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of dissolved organic carbon on sorption of heavy metals on urea-treated pine bark
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 173:1-3, s. 689-696
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A previous study showed considerably higher metal adsorption by urea-treated pine bark (UTB) compared to non-treated bark (NTB) at metal adsorption from their individual relatively concentrated solutions. Comparison of the sorption characteristics of the two pine barks at low but environmentally relevant metal concentrations, and investigation of the influence of pH and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on the sorption process are the aims of the present study. Sorption of Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ on pine bark of the species Pinus sylvestris was measured in multi-metal solutions in the presence and absence of DOC. In the absence of DOC, UTB gave lower residual metal concentrations (2–7 μg/l for copper, 1–5 μg/l for nickel, <0.05 μg/l for zinc and lead) in the range of initial concentrations up to 0.7 mg/l, compared to NTB (6–15 μg/l for copper, 2–24 μg/l for nickel, 2–9 μg/l for zinc, 2–3 μg/l for lead). In the presence of DOC, sorption of Zn, Ni and Pb decreased by up to 75% depending on the DOC concentration. Metal sorption on UTB is less sensitive to pH and more adsorbed metal ions are retained compared to NTB. The potential use of urea-treated bark for treatment of waste water containing DOC and low concentrations of metals is discussed. © 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 8. |
- Malnes, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Hazard screening of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in Sweden’s three largest lakes and their associated rivers
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) substances have recently garnered increased attention by environmental researchers, the water sector and environmental protection agencies. In this study, acute and chronic species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) were retrieved from literature data for previously quantified contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in Swedish surface waters (n = 92) and risk quotients (RQ) were calculated. To better understand the characteristics of the detected CECs in non-urban lake sites (n = 71), these compounds were checked against established criteria for potentially toxic PMs (PM(T)s) and occurrence in the aquatic environment, respectively. For the CECs with missing SSDs (n = 15 [acute], n = 41 [chronic]), ecotoxicity data were extracted for eight taxonomic groups, and if data were sufficient (n ≥ 3), SSDs were derived. The retrieved and newly developed SSDs were then used in an environmental hazard assessment (EHA) in the investigated Swedish rivers and lakes. In the rivers, 8 CECs had RQ> 1 in at least one location, and 20 CECs posed a moderate risk (0.01 < RQ < 1). In total, 21 of the 71 detected substances had already been identified as PM(T)/vPvM substances. Our study shows the importance of studying field data at large spatial scale to reveal potential environmental hazards far from source areas.
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| 9. |
- Nehrenheim, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Metal retention on pine bark and blast furnace slag – On-site experiment for treatment of low strenght landfill leachate
- 2008
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 99:5, s. 998-1005
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment of landfill leachate using blast furnace slag and pine bark as reactive sorbents was studied in an in situ column experiment at the Lilla Nyby landfill site in Eskilstuna, Sweden. The columns were filled with approximately 10 l of each sorbent and leachate was supplied at three different flow rates during a period of 4 months. Samples of inflow and outflow were collected three times a week and were analyzed for physical and chemical parameters, including concentrations of some metals, and toxicity. It was found that pine bark removed metals more efficiently than did the blast furnace slags; that Zn was most efficiently retained in the filters and that both retention time and initial concentration played an important role in the sorption process. It was also observed that the pine bark column did not release COD. No toxicity of the untreated or the treated leachate was found with the test organisms and test responses used. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Nehrenheim, Emma, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of Landfill Leachate Using Filter Substrates
- 2005
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Ingår i: Sardinia 2005. - Cagliari : CISA, Environmental Sanitary Engineering Centre.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three by-products from the steel and paper manufacturing industries have been tested as filter materials for removal of heavy metals in metal solution and in landfill leachate. Laboratory experiments were used to determine the capacity of the materials to remove heavy metals. A column set-up at a landfill site examined the field application possibilities of pine bark, amorphous and crystalline blast furnace slag. All three materials have shown large potential for removal of heavy metals inmetal solution also when the concentrations are low. On-site treatment however was distrurbed by factors not present in batch experiments. Physical parameters such as pH and electric conductivity of the water stream were not significantly affected by the treatment.
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