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| 2. |
- Azar, Christian, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Rio Isn’t All Lost
- 2012
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Ingår i: The New York Times. - 0548-9156. ; :18 Juni
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- De Hert, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-operative evaluation of adults undergoing elective noncardiac surgery Updated guideline from the European Society of Anaesthesiology
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Anaesthesiology. - : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0265-0215 .- 1365-2346. ; 35:6, s. 407-465
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this update of the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA) guidelines on the pre-operative evaluation of the adult undergoing noncardiac surgery is to present recommendations based on the available relevant clinical evidence. Well performed randomised studies on the topic are limited and therefore many recommendations rely to a large extent on expert opinion and may need to be adapted specifically to the healthcare systems of individual countries. This article aims to provide an overview of current knowledge on the subject with an assessment of the quality of the evidence in order to allow anaesthesiologists all over Europe to integrate - wherever possible - this knowledge into daily patient care. The Guidelines Committee of the ESA formed a task force comprising members of the previous task force, members of ESA scientific subcommittees and an open call for volunteers was made to all individual active members of the ESA and national societies. Electronic databases were searched from July 2010 (end of the literature search of the previous ESA guidelines on pre-operative evaluation) to May 2016 without language restrictions. A total of 34066 abtracts were screened from which 2536 were included for further analysis. Relevant systematic reviews with meta-analyses, randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies and cross-sectional surveys were selected. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used to assess the level of evidence and to grade recommendations. The final draft guideline was posted on the ESA website for 4 weeks and the link was sent to all ESA members, individual or national (thus including most European national anaesthesia societies). Comments were collated and the guidelines amended as appropriate. When the final draft was complete, the Guidelines Committee and ESA Board ratified the guidelines.
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| 4. |
- DeCarolis, Joseph, et al.
(författare)
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Leveraging Open-Source Tools for Collaborative Macro-energy System Modeling Efforts
- 2020
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Ingår i: Joule. - : Elsevier BV. - 2542-4351. ; 4:12, s. 2523-2526
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The authors are founding team members of a new effort to develop an Open Energy Outlook for the United States. The effort aims to apply best practices of policy-focused energy system modeling, ensure transparency, build a networked community, and work toward a common purpose: examining possible US energy system futures to inform energy and climate policy efforts. Individual author biographies can be found on the project website: https://openenergyoutlook.org/. DeCarolis et al. articulate the benefits of forming collaborative teams with a wide array of disciplinary and domain expertise to conduct analysis with macro-energy system models. Open-source models, tools, and datasets underpin such efforts by enabling transparency, accessibility, and replicability among team members and with the broader modeling community.
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| 5. |
- Green, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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A balance of 'bottom-up' and 'top-down' in linking climate policies
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Climate Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1758-678X .- 1758-6798. ; 4:12, s. 1064-1067
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Top-down climate negotiations embodied by the Kyoto Protocol have all but stalled, chiefly because of disagreements over targets and objections to financial transfers. To avoid those problems, many have shifted their focus to linkage of bottom-up climate policies such as regional carbon markets. This approach is appealing, but we identify four obstacles to successful linkage: different levels of ambition; competing domestic policy objectives; objections to financial transfers; and the difficulty of close regulatory coordination. Even with a more decentralized approach, overcoming the ‘global warming gridlock’ of the intergovernmental negotiations will require close international coordination. We demonstrate how a balance of bottom-up and top-down elements can create a path toward an effective global climate architecture.
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| 7. |
- Marschall, Hanns-Ulrich, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Ursodeoxycholic acid for treatment of fatty liver disease and dyslipidemia in morbidly obese patients.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9875 .- 0257-2753. ; 29:1, s. 117-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bile acids have recently been identified as major integrators of hepatic fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism. We explored potential mechanism(s) of action of ursodeoxycholic acid (20 mg/kg/day in 3 weeks) in 40 morbidly obese patients (mean BMI >40 kg/m(2)) with suggested fatty liver disease awaiting bariatric surgery. At follow-up half a year after surgery, patients had decreased their BMI by approximately 10 kg/m(2), which resulted in significant improvements of liver function tests, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance.
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| 8. |
- Meckling, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Policy sequencing toward decarbonization
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Energy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2058-7546. ; 2, s. 918-922
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 The Publisher Many economists have long held that carbon pricing—either through a carbon tax or cap-and-trade—is the most cost-effective way to decarbonize energy systems, along with subsidies for basic research and development. Meanwhile, green innovation and industrial policies aimed at fostering low-carbon energy technologies have proliferated widely. Most of these predate direct carbon pricing. Low-carbon leaders such as California and the European Union (EU) have followed a distinct policy sequence that helps overcome some of the political challenges facing low-carbon policy by building economic interest groups in support of decarbonization and reducing the cost of technologies required for emissions reductions. However, while politically effective, this policy pathway faces significant challenges to environmental and cost effectiveness, including excess rent capture and lock-in. Here we discuss options for addressing these challenges under political constraints. As countries move toward deeper emissions cuts, combining and sequencing policies will prove critical to avoid environmental, economic, and political dead-ends in decarbonizing energy systems.
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| 9. |
- Sterner, Thomas, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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INDIA IN THE COMING ‘CLIMATE G2’?
- 2020
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Ingår i: National Institute Economic Review. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0027-9501 .- 1741-3036. ; 251:February 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- China and the United States are the two largest emitters of greenhouse gases, making them pivotal players in global climate negotiations. Within the coming decade, however, India is set to become the most important counterpart to the United States, as it overtakes China as the country with the most at stake depending on the type of global burden-sharing agreements reached, thus becoming a member of the ‘Climate G2’. We create a hypothetical global carbon market based on modelling emissions reduction commitments across countries and regions relative to their marginal abatement costs. We then analyse net financial flows across a wide range of burden-sharing agreements, from pure ‘grandfathering’ based on current emissions to equal-per-capita allocation. Among the four largest players – the United States, the EU-27, China, and India – it is China that would currently be the largest net seller of emissions allowances in all but the grandfathered scenario. The United States would be the largest net buyer. However, India is poised to take China’s position by around 2030. That leaves the United States and India as the two major countries with most to gain and lose, depending on the type of climate deal reached.
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| 10. |
- Sterner, Thomas, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Policy design for the Anthropocene
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Sustainability. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2398-9629. ; 2, s. 14-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019, Springer Nature Limited. Today, more than ever, ‘Spaceship Earth’ is an apt metaphor as we chart the boundaries for a safe planet1. Social scientists both analyse why society courts disaster by approaching or even overstepping these boundaries and try to design suitable policies to avoid these perils. Because the threats of transgressing planetary boundaries are global, long-run, uncertain and interconnected, they must be analysed together to avoid conflicts and take advantage of synergies. To obtain policies that are effective at both international and local levels requires careful analysis of the underlying mechanisms across scientific disciplines and approaches, and must take politics into account. In this Perspective, we examine the complexities of designing policies that can keep Earth within the biophysical limits favourable to human life.
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