| 1. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
-
Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
-
Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
|
|
| 2. |
- Benchoula, Khaled, et al.
(författare)
-
Optimization of Hyperglycemic Induction in Zebrafish and Evaluation of Its Blood Glucose Level and Metabolite Fingerprint Treated with Psychotria malayana Jack Leaf Extract
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 24:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A standard protocol to develop type 1 diabetes in zebrafish is still uncertain due to unpredictable factors. In this study, an optimized protocol was developed and used to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of Psychotria malayana leaf. The aims of this study were to develop a type 1 diabetic adult zebrafish model and to evaluate the anti-diabetic activity of the plant extract on the developed model. The ability of streptozotocin and alloxan at a different dose to elevate the blood glucose levels in zebrafish was evaluated. While the anti-diabetic activity of P. malayana aqueous extract was evaluated through analysis of blood glucose and LC-MS analysis fingerprinting. The results indicated that a single intraperitoneal injection of 300 mg/kg alloxan was the optimal dose to elevate the fasting blood glucose in zebrafish. Furthermore, the plant extract at 1, 2, and 3 g/kg significantly reduced blood glucose levels in the diabetic zebrafish. In addition, LC-MS-based fingerprinting indicated that 3 g/kg plant extract more effective than other doses. Phytosterols, sugar alcohols, sugar acid, free fatty acids, cyclitols, phenolics, and alkaloid were detected in the extract using GC-MS. In conclusion, P. malayana leaf aqueous extract showed anti-diabetic activity on the developed type 1 diabetic zebrafish model.
|
|
| 3. |
- Ullah, Kaleem, et al.
(författare)
-
Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in liver transplant recipient : A case report
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Clinical Case Reports. - : Wiley. - 2050-0904. ; 10:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is a fungal brain infection with a high fatality rate. It is caused by dematiaceous fungi and is increasingly recognized as a cause of serious illness in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. We report cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in a liver transplant recipient. He was treated with multiple surgeries and antifungals and made a complete recovery. This report highlights that early and aggressive surgical intervention and extended antifungal coverage can have a positive outcome even in immunocompromised patients. The fungal infection in immunocompromised patients should be considered and treated aggressively.
|
|
| 4. |
- Dewi, Fatwa S. T., et al.
(författare)
-
Designing and collecting data for a longitudinal study : the Sleman Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS)
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : Sage Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 46:7, s. 704-710
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This paper describes the methodological considerations of developing an urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), in the Sleman District of Yogyakarta, Indonesia.METHODS: 1) The Sleman District was selected because it is mostly an urban area. 2) The minimum sample size was calculated to measure infant mortality as the key variable and resulted in a sample of 4942 households. A two-stage cluster sampling procedure with probability proportionate to size was applied; first, 216 Censuses Blocks (CBs) were selected, and second, 25 households in each CB were selected. 3) A baseline survey was started in 2015, and collected data on demographic and economic characteristics and verbal autopsy (VA); the 2nd cycle collected updated demographic data, VA, type of morbidity (communicable and non-communicable diseases, disability and injury) and health access. 4) The data were collected at a home visit through a Computer-Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI) on a tablet device, and the data were transferred to the server through the Internet. 5) The quality control consisted of spot-checks of 5% of interviews to control for adherence to the protocol, re-checks to ensure the validity of the interview, and computer-based data cleaning. 6) A utilization system was designed for policy-makers (government) and researchers.RESULTS: In total, 5147 households participated in the baseline assessment in 2015, and 4996 households participated in the second cycle in 2016 (97.0% response rate).CONCLUSIONS: Development of an urban HDSS is possible and is beneficial in providing data complementary to the existing demographic and health information system at local, national and global levels.
|
|
| 5. |
- Gosh, Subasish, et al.
(författare)
-
Recommendation System for E-commerce Using Alternating Least Squares (ALS) on Apache Spark
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Intelligent Computing and Optimization. - Cham : Springer Nature. ; , s. 880-893
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recommendation system can predict the ratings of users to items by leveraging machine learning algorithms. The use of recommendation systems is common in e-commerce websites now-a-days. Since enormous amounts of data including users’ click streams, purchase history, demographics, social networking comments and user-item ratings are stored in e-commerce systems databases, the volume of the data is getting bigger at high speed, and the data is sparse. However, the recommendations and predictions must be made in real time, enabling to bring enormous benefits to human beings. Apache spark is well suited for applications which require high speed query of data, transformation and analytics results. Therefore, the recommendation system developed in this research is implemented on Apache Spark. Also, the matrix factorization using Alternating Least Squares (ALS) algorithm which is a type of collaborative filtering is used to solve overfitting issues in sparse data and increases prediction accuracy. The overfitting problem arises in the data as the user-item rating matrix is sparse. In this research a recommendation system for e-commerce using alternating least squares (ALS) matrix factorization method on Apache Spark MLlib is developed. The research shows that the RMSE value is significantly reduced using ALS matrix factorization method and the RMSE is 0.870. Consequently, it is shown that the ALS algorithm is suitable for training explicit feedback data set where users provide ratings for items.
|
|
| 6. |
- Khan, Hashim Raza, et al.
(författare)
-
Design of a broadband current mode class-D power amplifier with harmonic suppression
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing. - : Springer. - 0925-1030 .- 1573-1979. ; 89:1, s. 15-24
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current mode class-D power amplifiers (CMCD-PA) are attractive for fully integrated PA implementation as the output capacitance of the active device can be absorbed in the output matching network that can be realized with minimum number of components. This paper presents a simplified design approach for CMCD PA design using an integrated balun transformers. Expressions are derived for the optimum device sizing for second harmonic suppression resulting in improved efficiency. An expression of amplifier efficiency as a function of device size is is presented proving that current mode class-D amplifier yields higher higher efficiency than a class-E amplifier for the same device size. The amplifier is implemented in 130 nm CMOS process and encapsulated in QFN package. Measurement results show that the amplifier exhibits broadband response between 1.4 and 2.1 GHz with peak output power of 26.8 dBm at 1.8 GHz using a 2.4 V supply. PAE remains above 40 % for the entire range while peak PAE is 48 %. Results show a good match between simulation and measurement work. Voltage sweep of the amplifier shows that it can be used in supply modulation based LINC techniques.
|
|
| 7. |
- Khan, Inamullah, et al.
(författare)
-
Engineering Characteristics of SBS/Nano-Silica-Modified Hot Mix Asphalt Mixtures and Modeling Techniques for Rutting
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI. - 2075-5309. ; 13:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flexible pavements are mostly affected by meteorological factors in addition to traffic loads, which results in premature pavement failures like rutting and moisture-induced damage. This study focuses on the impacts of adding various contents of nano-silica (NS), i.e., 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% (percentage weight of asphalt), along with a constant value of 4.5% styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS). To assess the effectiveness of modified and unmodified mixtures, the indirect tensile strength (ITS) test, resilient modulus (MR) test, and wheel tracking test were conducted. The MR test was performed at dual temperature values, i.e., 25 °C and 40 °C, and demonstrated different metrological conditions in this region. The tensile strength ratio was used to estimate the mitigation of water losses in hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures (specimens) utilizing ITS test results of the conditioned and unconditioned specimens. Moreover, a model was developed for the rutting potential of the modified specimens using multi expression programming (MEP), a sophisticated technique that employs experimental data and suggests an equation for different input variables. The results indicated that the addition of NS to SBS-modified bitumen enhanced different mechanical properties of the specimens, including the stiffness and moisture and rutting resistances. The temperature had adverse effects on the stiffness of the specimens, while the modifiers had a direct relationship with the stiffness. The two-way factorial method justified the effect of the temperature and modifiers on MR with 95% precision, while the MEP model for rutting showed an R2 value of >0.95, which revealed a good relationship between the experimental and predicted data. Furthermore, NS and SBS had a good impact on the mechanical properties of the HMA specimens.
|
|
| 8. |
- Sartelli, Massimo, et al.
(författare)
-
Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings: the WARNING call to action
- 2023
-
Ingår i: WORLD JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY SURGERY. - 1749-7922. ; 18:1
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or "golden rules," for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice.
|
|
| 9. |
- Sid Ahmed, Mazen, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
-
Emergence of Multidrug- and Pandrug- Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Five Hospitals in Qatar
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Infection Prevention in Practice. - : Elsevier. - 2590-0889. ; 1:3-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A global rise in multidrug-resistant (MDR) nosocomial infections has led to a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. MDR Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are recognised for rapidly developing drug resistance. Despite Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the second most common GNB isolated from healthcare associated infections, the magnitude of MDR P. aeruginosa (MDR-PA) has not been evaluated in Qatar.Aim: To assess the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of MDR-PA from 5major hospitals in Qatar.Methods: A total of 2533P. aeruginosaclinical isolates were collected over a one-year period. MDR-PA was defined as resistance to at least one agent of3 antibiotic classes. Clinical and demographic data were collected prospectively.Findings: The overall prevalence of MDR-PA isolates was 8.1% (205/2533); the majority of isolates were from patients exposed to antibiotics during 90 days prior to isolation (85.4%,177/205), and the infections were mainly hospital-acquired (95.1%, 195/205) with only 4.9% from the community. The majority of MDR-PA isolates were resistant to cefepime (96.6%, 198/205), ciprofloxacin, piperacillin/tazobactam (91%, 186/205), and meropenem (90%, 184/205). Patient comorbidities with MDR-PA were diabetes mellitus (47.3%, n¼97), malignancy (17.1%, n¼35), end-stage renal disease (13.7%, n¼28) and heart failure (10.7%, n¼22).Conclusion: There was a significant prevalence of MDR-PA in Qatar, primarily from healthcare facilities and associated with prior antibiotic treatment. There was an alarming level of antimicrobial resistance to carbapenems. Our results are part of a national surveillance of MDR to establish effective containment plans.
|
|
| 10. |
- Streatfield, P Kim, et al.
(författare)
-
HIV/AIDS-related mortality in Africa and Asia : evidence from INDEPTH health and demographic surveillance system sites
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Global Health Action. - : CoAction Publishing. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: As the HIV/AIDS pandemic has evolved over recent decades, Africa has been the most affected region, even though a large proportion of HIV/AIDS deaths have not been documented at the individual level. Systematic application of verbal autopsy (VA) methods in defined populations provides an opportunity to assess the mortality burden of the pandemic from individual data.OBJECTIVE: To present standardised comparisons of HIV/AIDS-related mortality at sites across Africa and Asia, including closely related causes of death such as pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and pneumonia.DESIGN: Deaths related to HIV/AIDS were extracted from individual demographic and VA data from 22 INDEPTH sites across Africa and Asia. VA data were standardised to WHO 2012 standard causes of death assigned using the InterVA-4 model. Between-site comparisons of mortality rates were standardised using the INDEPTH 2013 standard population.RESULTS: The dataset covered a total of 10,773 deaths attributed to HIV/AIDS, observed over 12,204,043 person-years. HIV/AIDS-related mortality fractions and mortality rates varied widely across Africa and Asia, with highest burdens in eastern and southern Africa, and lowest burdens in Asia. There was evidence of rapidly declining rates at the sites with the heaviest burdens. HIV/AIDS mortality was also strongly related to PTB mortality. On a country basis, there were strong similarities between HIV/AIDS mortality rates at INDEPTH sites and those derived from modelled estimates.CONCLUSIONS: Measuring HIV/AIDS-related mortality continues to be a challenging issue, all the more so as anti-retroviral treatment programmes alleviate mortality risks. The congruence between these results and other estimates adds plausibility to both approaches. These data, covering some of the highest mortality observed during the pandemic, will be an important baseline for understanding the future decline of HIV/AIDS.
|
|
