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| 2. |
- Brink, Anna, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Maximum fee vs child benefit: A welfare analysis of Swedish child-care fee reform
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The effects of a recent Swedish child-care fee reform are compared with those of an alternative reform, increased child benefits. The fee reform implied considerably decreased fees and was intended to increase both labor supply among parents and their economic well-being. We estimate labor supply effects using a discrete choice labor supply model, and simulate behavioral responses to the changes. We find positive, but small, effects on labor supply from reduced fees, while increased child benefits would make single mothers decrease their labor supply. On the other hand, increased child benefits would make income distribution more equal. We make a social welfare comparison and conclude that for plausible values of inequality aversion, the alternative reform would have been preferable to the implemented fee reform.
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| 3. |
- Ericson, Peter, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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SWEtaxben: A Swedish Tax/benefit Micro Simulation Model and an Evaluation of a Swedish Tax Reform.
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of SWEtaxben is to evaluate the impact of changes in the tax/benefit systems on households as well as the central governmental budget. Relating to the micro simulation literature this model can be labeled a static micro simulation model with behavioral changes. This behavioral change takes two different forms and use two different types of models; first binary models that describe mobility in/out from non-work states such as old age pension, disability, unemployment, long term sickness and second models that describe change in working hours and welfare participation. Thus, apart from the choice to work or not to work, working hours conditional on working as well as welfare participation are treated as endogenous variables. As an application the model is used to evaluate the recent Swedish ?make work pay? reform, effective from 2007 and further reinforced in 2008 and 2009. The key characteristic of this reform is an in-work tax credit and decreased state tax rate. Simulations performed by SWEtaxben show increased working hours at both the intensive as well as extensive margin. The tax decrease together with dynamic changes results in a strong increase in household?s incomes but also a reduction in income inequality. However, even considering the increase in hours of work, the reform is far from being self-financed.
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| 4. |
- Flood, Lennart, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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From Welfare to Work: Evaluating a Proposed Tax and Benefit ReformTargeted at Single Mothers in Sweden
- 2003
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we propose a tax and benefit reform to increase the working hours and to decrease the welfare participation of single mothers in Sweden. We have access to high-quality tax and income data, and use a detailed tax-benefit program to generate precise budget-sets. We formulate and estimate a structural, static model of labor supply and welfare participation. The results suggest that labor supply among single mother households in Sweden is quite elastic, and that there is self-selection into welfare. The proposed reform would generate welfare-gains for virtually everyone in the sample, yet would be revenue neutral
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Flood, Lennart, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Household Labor Supply and Welfare Participation in Sweden
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using a sample of Swedish households, we estimate a household labor supply model assuming that preferences for consumption and leisure can be described by a direct translog utility function. The labor supply and welfare participation decisions are treated as a discrete choice problem, and we assume that these choices follow a simple conditional logit rule. In addition, we allow unobserved individual- specific effects to be correlated across alternatives. We assume that these unobserved effects are drawn from a discrete distribution, and the correlation across alternatives is modeled using factor-loading techniques. Classification error in hours is allowed for by using a multiplicative measurement error specification. The estimates from the structural model yield inelastic labor supply among husbands and positive wage elasticity for wives. Further, the cross elasticities are close to zero.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Hansen, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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Endogenous Schooling and the Distribution of the Gender Wage Gap
- 2005
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Ingår i: Empirical Economics. ; 30(1), s. 1-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies on the gender wage gap have relied on OLS when estimating the wage equations. However, a number of recent studies, devoted to estimating the return to education, have shown that OLS may produce biased estimates for a number of reasons. As a consequence, previous results regarding the gender wage gap may also be biased. In this paper, we first estimate wage equations using a GMM procedure applied to panel data and then investigate the distribution of the gender wage gap. The results indicate that OLS may seriously overestimate the unexplained gender wage gap.
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| 9. |
- Hansen, Jorgen, et al.
(författare)
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Wages and Immigrant Occupational Composition in Sweden
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper examines the relationship between immigrant occupational composition and wages in Sweden. Effects of changes in proportion of immigrant workers in different occupations on the wage levels of both natives and immigrants are estimated. Our results suggest that increases in immigrant density have only small effects on wages and that the negative relationship between wages and the proportion of immigrant workers in an occupation, observed in data, is almost entirely accounted for by measured and unmeasured worker skills. These results suggest that wage differences across occupations with different densities of immigrants are mainly due to quality sorting and to a lesser extent due to the existence of discrimination.
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| 10. |
- Wahlberg, Roger, 1966
(författare)
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Differences in Wage Distributions between Natives, Non-Refugees, and Refugees
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study examines differences in wage distributions between natives, non-refugees, and refugees in Sweden. We find that the wage differentials between natives and non-refugee immigrants decrease across the distribution, while those between natives and refugee immigrants increase. There is evidence of a glass ceiling effect for refugee males in Sweden, and we also find evidence of a glass ceiling effect for native-born women and non-refugee women in the Swedish labor market in comparison with native-born and non-refugee men, respectively. In addition, there is evidence of a double disadvantage effect for refugee women in the Swedish labor market.
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