| 1. |
- Andersson, Patrik, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Framtidsbilder för samhällsbyggnad
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Framtidsbilder för samhällsbyggnad 2020De kommande 15 åren står institutionen för Bygg- och miljöteknik inför stora förändringar. Därför har institutionen initierat projektet Framtidsbilder 2020 där man engagerat en framtidspanel bestående av elva yngre disputerade forskare. Arbetet inleddes med ett breddgruppsmöte där 110 personer representerande institutionens personal och studenter deltog. Vid mötet identifierades ett antal trender och osäkra utvecklingar som påverkar framtiden inom samhällsbyggnadsområdet. Deltagarna bidrog också med idéer till en önskvärd utveckling, vilket har sammanställts och utgör grunden till en gemensam önskvärd framtid/vision för institutionen. Materialet från breddgruppsmötet har bearbetats av Framtidspanelen och resulterat i fyra scenarier som beskriver hur samhällsbyggnadsområdet kan se ut år 2020. Syftet med framtidsbilderna är att de ska vara vägledande för institutionens beslut och förhållningssätt under de kommande åren.Fyra scenarierTurning TorsoSamhället präglas av en ekonomi som är på uppgång, och av ett nytänkande och öppet samhälle. Materiell status och individualism är viktigt. Detta leder till en hög arbetsbelastning samt krav på exklusiva varor av hög kvali-tet. Det finns en stor medvetenhet om miljöpåverkan och klimatförändringar och lösningarna för att klara energiförsörjningen är innovativa.Eco-metropolenDet sveper en grön våg genom dagens samhälle. Under de senaste 15 åren har vi insett att jorden skall vara en bebolig plats även åt dem som kommer efter oss. Vi söker ständigt efter nya, mer förfinade metoder att tillvarata de resurser vi har. Samhället och individen är i balans. Ekonomin är god och vi är miljömedvetna, trygga och integrerade. Nytänkande premieras och icke- materialistiska värderingar står högt i kurs. Vi tänker individuellt, men agerar mer än gärna för kollektivets bästa. Utbildning är gratis TrädgårdsstadenEtt samhälle där vi lärt oss hantera stress, men känner oss otrygga och helst umgås i slutna sociala sammanhang. Vi bor enkelt inne i stan, eller gärna på landsbygden nära storstäderna. Minskade behov av högutbildade i samhället gör att vi har svårt att rekrytera studenter till teknikutbildningar. Det traditionella tankesättet leder till kulturkrockar med företag och personer från andra länder.Gated communitiesFörsämrad ekonomi och ökad egoism har lett fram till ett stressat, otryggt och segregerat samhälle. Accelererande klimatförändringar och ökad miljö-påverkan skrämmer oss, men trots det åtgärdar vi inte problemen, utan koncentrerar oss på konsekvenserna. Arbetslöshet i samhällsbyggnadssek-torn leder till sänkt status för samhällsbyggaren. Vi har därför svårt att rekrytera studenter, och även forskningen har låg status.
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| 2. |
- Wahlgren, Marie C, et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption of globular model proteins to silica and methylated silica surfaces and their elutability by dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide
- 1993
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. - 0927-7757. ; 70:2, s. 139-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interaction between a cationic surfactant (dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide) and six model proteins adsorbed on to methylated silica and silica surfaces was investigated. The proteins were bovine serum albumin, cytochrome c, β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, lysozyme and ovalbumin. The adsorption of the proteins at pH 7 and their subsequent removal by surfactant were studied by in situ ellipsometry. The degree of desorption upon dilution and the degree of elutability were compared and no relationship between these parameters could be found, which indicates that the mechanisms behind the two ways of protein removal are quite different. Further, the degree of elutability by surfactant was related to the physicochemical properties of the proteins. It was found that the size, charge, temperature of denaturation and adiabatic compressibility influenced the degree of elutability at the hydrophilic negatively charged silica surfaces for those of the model proteins that were still adsorbed after buffer rinsing. Negatively charged proteins with high denaturation temperatures, indicating high structural stability, did not adsorb on to this surface (ovalbumin) or adsorbed to a very low degree and were desorbed upon rinsing with buffer (β-lactoglobulin). All proteins adsorbed on to the hydrophobic methylated silica and the parameters that seemed to influence the degree of elutability were size and shell hydrophobicity of the proteins.
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| 3. |
- Wahlgren, Marie C., et al.
(författare)
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The adsorption from solutions of β-lactoglobulin mixed with lactoferrin or lysozyme onto silica and methylated silica surfaces
- 1993
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797. ; 158:1, s. 46-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The adsorption from pure protein solutions and binary mixtures of proteins with opposite net charges was studied at pH 7 by in situ ellipsometry. The investigated proteins were β-lactoglobulin, lactoferrin, and lysozyme. On hydrophilic silica surfaces, β-lactoglobulin (negatively net charged) adsorbed in small amounts while lactoferrin and lysozyme (both positively net charged) adsorbed in higher quantities. All the proteins adsorbed readily to the methylated silica surfaces. On both surfaces the amounts of β-lactoglobulin adsorbed were higher and the ones for lactoferrin and lysozyme were lower in a high ionic strength buffer (I = 0.17 M) compared to a buffer with low ionic strength (I = 0.02 M). In mixtures of β-lactoglobulin and lactoferrin the proteins interact leading to high adsorbed amounts on the silica surface and to complete irreversibility with respect to rinsing with buffer. The effect is reduced by increasing the ionic strength of the buffer and by decreasing the overall concentration of proteins in the bulk. This is interpreted in terms of electrostatic interactions between the two proteins. The adsorbed amount from a β-lactoglobulin/lactoferrin mixture to a methylated silica surface is between the amounts for the pure proteins, and the adsorbate is a mixture of lactoferrin and β-lactoglobulin as indicated by measurements with radioactively labeled lactoferrin. An interesting observation was that the adsorbed amount from a β-lactoglobulin/lactoferrin mixture onto a methylated silica surface increased upon rinsing at high bulk concentrations and at low ionic strength. The adsorption from mixtures of β-lactoglobulin and lysozyme is also strongly influenced by electrostatic interactions. At low ionic strength a bulk precipitation takes place, which probably is the reason for the very high amounts adsorbed onto both surfaces examined. This effect is only partially reduced at higher ionic strength.
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| 4. |
- Ahlberg, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing progression in engineering study programs
- 2011
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Ingår i: ; , s. 608-614
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish engineering education is organised as study programs consisting of intertwined chains of course units. Formal program objectives integrate skills, scientific attitudes and engineering knowledge. However, assessment of learning and educational quality typically focuses outcomes of individual course modules. It is our concern that study programme quality and student progression are hard to evaluate and stimulate in the prevailing modularised system. We have therefore investigated programme objectives and student progression and subsequently designed activities to evaluate and stimulate integrated engineering capacities and evaluate progression among freshmen and more senior students of chemical- and biotechnology engineering programmes. To make the aim of progression explicit we first interviewed students, alumni, teaching staff and senior industrial staff (engineer employers), thus elucidating core educational and professional values. Interviews indicate that students typically develop a sense of "becoming engineers" rather late in their training (6th semester). All interviewees emphasized problem-solving abilities as the most desirable competence. However, teaching staff focussed more on subject discipline content whereas students and industry employers go beyond subject discipline and request professional social skills. A real-world case was used to monitor (and stimulate) engineering programme progression in 1st and 3rd year student groups by means of qualitative assessment of engineering skills including critical problem-solving skills, appropriate use of technical and scientific language, knowledge of chemistry, biochemistry and engineering, statistical reasoning, team work behaviour, business-mindedness, delimitation of professional role, risk management, and work ethics. The student teams of both groups did well and solved the main aspects of the case although the senior student teams managed to do it on a more complex level. There were other clearly detectable aspects of progression among the 3rd years students, for instance problem solving strategies, team work behaviour, and independent use of available presentation materials. We conclude that observed case sessions can (1) be used confidently to assess progression of learning in engineering study programs (2) reveal students' abilities to combine knowledge from different fields and courses, and (3) demonstrate weaknesses in the progression. The method is however probably too complex to allow valid cross-institutional comparisons.
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| 6. |
- Ali, Abdullah, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Dehydration affects drug transport over nasal mucosa
- 2019
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Ingår i: Drug Delivery. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1071-7544 .- 1521-0464. ; 26:1, s. 831-840
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Formulations for nasal drug delivery often rely on water sorption to adhere to the mucosa, which also causes a higher water gradient over the tissue and subsequent dehydration. The primary aim of this study was therefore to evaluate mucosal response to dehydration and resolve the hypothesis that mucoadhesion achieved through water sorption could also be a constraint for drug absorption via the nasal route. The effect of altering water activity of the vehicle on Xylometazoline HCl and Cr-EDTA uptake was studied separately using flow through diffusion cells and excised porcine mucosa. We have shown that a modest increase in the water gradient over mucosa induces a substantial decrease in drug uptake for both Xylometazoline HCl and Cr-EDTA. A similar result was obtained when comparing two different vehicles on the market; Nasoferm (Nordic Drugs, Sweden) and BLOX4 (Bioglan, Sweden). Mucoadhesion based on water sorption can slow down drug uptake in the nasal cavity. However, a clinical study is required to determine whether prolonged duration of the vehicle or preventing dehydration of the mucosa is the most important factor for improving bioavailability.
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| 7. |
- Ali, Abdullah, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Will a water gradient in oral mucosa affect transbuccal drug absorption?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. - : Elsevier. - 1773-2247. ; 48, s. 338-345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Formulations for buccal drug delivery often comprise polymers to facilitate mucoadhesion based on water sorption. The main objective of the current study was therefore to evaluate the effect of dehydration on drug uptake through oral mucosa. We have used diffusion cells with excised porcine mucosa to study uptake of three alternative drugs (i.e., Metronidazole, Benzydamine and Xylometazoline) together with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the model polymer for adjusting water activity in the test solutions. Taking drug activity into account, we can conclude that addition of PEG results in a drug flux through mucosa that is about two times lower for Metronidazole and more than 40 times lower for Xylometazoline compared to that from a pure PBS-solution. However, for Benzydamine the uptake through mucosa was more or less the same, which could possibly be due to the high PEG-concentration (65 wt%) affecting the dissociation constant and thus the permeability. These results indicate that an increased water gradient may have the same limiting effect on permeability through oral mucosa as previously seen for skin. Thus, water gradient effects should be a factor to consider when developing buccal adhesive formulations.
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| 8. |
- Alsterholm, Mikael, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Establishment and utility of SwedAD : a nationwide Swedish registry for patients with atopic dermatitis receiving systemic pharmacotherapy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Dermato-Venereologica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 0001-5555 .- 1651-2057. ; 103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SwedAD, a Swedish nationwide registry for patients with atopic dermatitis receiving systemic pharmacotherapy, was launched on 1 September 2019. We describe here the establishment of a user-friendly registry to the benefit of patients with atopic dermatitis. By 5 November 2022, 38 clinics had recorded 931 treatment episodes in 850 patients with an approximate national coverage rate of 40%. Characteristics at enrolment included median Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) 10.2 (interquartile range 4.0, 19.4), Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) 18.0 (10.0, 24.0), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) 11.0 (5.0, 19.0) and Peak Itch Numerical Rating Scale-11 (NRS-11) 6.0 (3.0, 8.0). At 3 months, median EASI was 3.2 (1.0, 7.3) and POEM, DLQI, and NRS-11 were improved. Regional coverage varied, reflecting the distribution of dermatologists, the ratio of public to private healthcare, and difficulties in recruiting certain clinics. This study highlights the importance of a nationwide registry when managing systemic pharmacotherapy of atopic dermatitis.
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| 9. |
- Arnebrant, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Protein-surfactant interactions at solid surfaces
- 1995
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Ingår i: Proteins at Interfaces II Fundamentals and Applications. - Washington, DC : American Chemical Society. - 9780841233041 - 9780841215276 ; 602, s. 239-255
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effects of surfactants on protein adsorption are reviewed. Differences between removal of preadsorbed proteins (elutability) and competitive adsorption are discussed and simple models are suggested. It can be concluded that surfactants may interact through solubilization or replacement mechanisms depending on surfactant- surface interactions and surfactant- protein binding. Solubilization requires complex formation between protein and surfactant, and the replacement adsorption of the surfactant to the surface. As for protein adsorption, one of the most important properties affecting the elutability appears to be the conformational stability. Differences between a competitive situation and addition of surfactant after adsorption of the protein are suggested to originate from alteration in surface activity of protein-surfactant complexes formed in solution as compared to pure protein, the difference in diffusivity of surfactants and protein, and time dependent conformational changes of the protein.
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| 10. |
- Bai Palmkron, Shuai, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of structures in freeze-dried materials using X-ray microtomography
- 2023
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-7757 .- 1873-4359. ; 658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structure of a freeze-dried material is essential for its ability to preserve and protect biologics such as proteins, cells and other sensitive structures. The structure of a typical freeze-dried matrix can be described as pores surrounded by thin walls where the walls are the encapsulating material (for e.g. cells). The objective of this investigation is to evaluate X-ray microtomography (µCT) as a characterization method to quantifying the matrix of a freeze dried material, and compare it to scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The material consists of maltodextrin, freeze-dried below or above the glass transition temperature of the maximal freeze concentration (Tg′) and after applying annealing. The SEM images have high resolution and provide an excellent view of the sample. However, it is challenging to perform any image analysis and to ensure that a representative section is presented. The µCT images provide a rather uniform contrast between material and void, allowing for a simple grey-level thresholding when separating structure from the background. A robust image analysis procedure allows the results extracted from a representative sample volume to be evaluated. Further image analysis has been focused on understanding the thickness of the encapsulating structures by estimations of volume-weighted averages of inscribed spheres within the walls. The results show two types of structures: A large pore structure of around 20–100 µm separated by thin walls around 2–3 µm thick, and a finer structure consisting of smaller pockets of air (< 10 µm) packed in a honeycomb like structure. The structures of the samples dried below and above Tg′ have smaller and thinner structures, while material dried after annealing has larger and thicker structures. The structures display comparably small differences between the different drying protocols despite the quite different drying conditions.
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