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- Konradsson, Elise, et al.
(författare)
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Reconfiguring a Plane-Parallel Transmission Ionization Chamber to Extend the Operating Range into the Ultra-High Dose-per-pulse Regime
- 2024
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Ingår i: Radiation Research. - 0033-7587. ; 201:3, s. 252-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to investigate the feasibility of enhancing the charge collection efficiency (CCE) of a transmission chamber by reconfiguring its design and operation. The goal was to extend the range of dose-per-pulse (DPP) values with no or minimal recombination effects up to the ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) regime. The response of two transmission chambers, with electrode distance of 1 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively, was investigated as a function of applied voltage. The chambers were mounted one-by-one in the electron applicator of a 10 MeV FLASH-modified clinical linear accelerator. The chamber signals were measured as a function of nominal DPP, which was determined at the depth of dose maximum using EBT-XD film in solid water and ranged from 0.6 mGy per pulse to 0.9 Gy per pulse, for both the standard voltage of 320 V and the highest possible safe voltage of 1,200 V. The CCE was calculated and fitted with an empirical logistic function that incorporated the electrode distance and the chamber voltage. The CCE decreased with increased DPP. The CCE at the highest achievable DPP was 24% (36%) at 320 V and 51% (82%) at 1,200 V, for chambers with 1 mm (0.6 mm) electrode distance. For the combination of 1,200 V- and 0.6-mm electrode distance, the CCE was»100% for average dose rate up to 70 Gy/s at the depth of dose maximum in the phantom at a source-to-surface distance of 100 cm. Our findings indicate that minor modifications to a plane-parallel transmission chamber can substantially enhance the CCE and extending the chamber's operating range to the UHDR regime. This supports the potential of using transmission chamber-based monitoring solutions for UHDR beams, which could facilitate the delivery of UHDR treatments using an approach similar to conventional clinical delivery.
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- Kuligowski, E., et al.
(författare)
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Evacuation modelling for bushfire : the WUI-NITY simulation platform
- 2022
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Ingår i: Australian Journal of Emergency Management. - 1324-1540. ; 37:4, s. 40-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The number of people who live in bushfire-prone areas around the world is growing. In Australia, in the states of Victoria and New South Wales, over 1.5 million people live in areas rated as high to extreme bushfire risk in (SGS Economics and Planning 2019). As effects of climate change increase the size and severity of bushfires, and a greater number of people move into these at-risk areas, there is a growing imperative to understand the likely evacuation outcomes of bushfireprone communities under various fire scenarios. This paper introduces a freely available simulation platform called WUI-NITY that can be used by evacuation planners and decisionmakers to forecast evacuation behaviour within affected areas, and in turn, better prepare for and respond to future bushfire events.
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- Kvåle, Rune, et al.
(författare)
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Concordance between Gleason scores of needle biopsies and radical prostatectomy specimens : a population-based study
- 2009
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Ingår i: BJU International. - 1464-4096 .- 1464-410X. ; 103:12, s. 1647-1654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the concordance between the Gleason scores of needle biopsies and radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens in a population-based registry, to clarify whether the concordance depends on the annual number of RP specimens assessed in the pathology unit, and to identify preoperative clinical factors that predict upgrading from a Gleason score of or=7 in the RP specimen. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Through the Cancer Registry of Norway, we identified 1116 patients with available Gleason scores from biopsy and RP specimens. Concordance was evaluated using the kappa coefficient, and predictors of concordance were assessed in univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The Gleason scores were identical in biopsy and RP specimens in 591 of the 1116 (53%) patients. The biopsy-based Gleason score more often under-graded (38%) than over-graded (9%) the RP-based Gleason score. Pathology units that examined >40 RP specimens annually had a higher concordance between the Gleason score in the biopsy and RP specimen than did lower-volume units. The rate of upgrading from a Gleason score of or=7 in the RP specimen increased with increasing preoperative prostate-specific antigen serum levels, and with increasing intervals between biopsy and RP. CONCLUSIONS: The concordance in Gleason score between biopsy and RP was highest among the pathology departments that regularly evaluated RP specimens. Careful consideration of clinical factors and biopsy grading might improve the identification of patients considered as suitable for active surveillance.
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- Ronchi, E., et al.
(författare)
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The verification of wildland–urban interface fire evacuation models
- 2023
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Ingår i: Natural Hazards. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-030X .- 1573-0840. ; 117:2, s. 1493-1519
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces a protocol for the verification of multi-physics wildfire evacuation models, including a set of tests used to ensure that the conceptual modelling representation of each modelling layer is accurately implemented, as well as the interactions between different modelling layers and sub-models (wildfire spread, pedestrian movement, traffic evacuation, and trigger buffers). This work presents a total of 24 verification tests, including (1) 4 tests related to pedestrians, (2) 15 tests for traffic evacuation, (3) 5 tests concerning the interaction between different modelling layers, along with 5 tests for wildfire spread and trigger buffers. The evacuation tests are organized in accordance with different core components related to evacuation modelling, namely Population, Pre-evacuation, Movement, Route/destination selection, Flow constraints, Events, Wildfire spread and Trigger buffers. A reporting template has also been developed to facilitate the application of the verification testing protocol. An example application of the testing protocol has been performed using an open wildfire evacuation modelling platform called WUI-NITY and its associated trigger buffer model k-PERIL. The verification testing protocol is deemed to improve the credibility of wildfire evacuation model results and stimulate future modelling efforts in this domain.
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- Tandstad, T., et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of stage I seminoma, with one course of adjuvant carboplatin or surveillance, risk-adapted recommendations implementing patient autonomy: a report from the Swedish and Norwegian Testicular Cancer Group (SWENOTECA)
- 2016
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Ingår i: Annals of Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0923-7534 .- 1569-8041. ; 27:7, s. 1299-1304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A total of 1118 patients with clinical stage I seminoma one course of adjuvant carboplatin or managed by surveillance were included. Stromal invasion of rete testis and tumor size > 4 cm are confirmed as risk factors predicting relapse. Relapse rates following one course of adjuvant carboplatin is high and there is need to explore more effective adjuvant treatment options in patients with seminoma.The purpose of the protocol was to reduce the treatment burden in clinical stage I (CSI) seminoma by offering risk-adapted treatment. The protocol aimed to prospectively validate the proposed risk factors for relapse, stromal invasion of the rete testis and tumor diameter > 4 cm, and to evaluate the efficacy of one course of adjuvant carboplatin. From 2007 to 2010, 897 patients were included in a prospective, population-based, risk-adapted treatment protocol implementing one course of adjuvant carboplatin AUC7 (>n = 469) or surveillance (>n = 422). In addition, results from 221 patients receiving carboplatin between 2004 and 2007 are reported. At a median follow-up of 5.6 years, 69 relapses have occurred. Stromal invasion of the rete testis [hazard ratio (HR) 1.9, >P = 0.011] and tumor diameter > 4 cm (HR 2.7, >P < 0.001) were identified as risk factors predicting relapse. In patients without risk factors, the relapse rate (RR) was 4.0% for patients managed by surveillance and 2.2% in patients receiving adjuvant carboplatin. In patients with one or two risk factors, the RR was 15.5% in patients managed by surveillance and 9.3% in patients receiving adjuvant carboplatin. We found no increased RR in patients receiving carboplatin < 7 x AUC compared with that in patients receiving a parts per thousand yen7 x AUC. Stromal invasion in the rete testis and tumor diameter > 4 cm are risk factors for relapse in CSI seminoma. Patients without risk factors have a low RR and adjuvant therapy is not justified in these patients. The efficacy of adjuvant carboplatin is relatively low and there is need to explore more effective adjuvant treatment options in patients with high-risk seminoma. The data do not support the concept of a steep dose response for adjuvant carboplatin.
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- Waagstein, Finn, 1938, et al.
(författare)
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Increased exercise ejection fraction and reversed remodeling after long-term treatment with metoprolol in congestive heart failure: a randomized, stratified, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in mild to moderate heart failure due to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
- 2003
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Ingår i: European journal of heart failure. - 1388-9842. ; 5:5, s. 679-91
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- the effects of long-term administration of beta-blockers on left ventricular (LV) function during exercise in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are controversial.patients with stable congestive heart failure (CHF) (New York heart association [NYHA] class II and III) and ejection fraction (EF) < or =0.40 were randomized to metoprolol, 50 mg t.i.d. or placebo for 6 months. Patients were divided into two groups: ischemic heart disease (IHD) and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The mean EF was 0.29 in both groups and 92% were taking angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. In the IHD group, 84% had suffered a myocardial infarction (MI) and 64% had undergone revascularization at least 6 months before the study. LV volumes were measured by equilibrium radionuclide angiography. Mitral regurgitation was assessed by Doppler echocardiography. All values are changes for metoprolol subtracted by changes for placebo.metoprolol improved LV function markedly both at rest and during sub-maximal exercise in both groups. The mean increase in EF was 0.069 at rest (P<0.001) and 0.078 during submaximal exercise (P<0.001). LV end-diastolic volume decreased by 22 ml at rest (P=0.006) and by 15 ml during exercise (P=0.006). LV end-systolic volume decreased by 23 ml both at rest (P=0.001) and during exercise (P=0.004). Exercise time increased by 39 s (P=0.08). In the metoprolol group, mitral regurgitation decreased (P=0.0026) and only one patient developed atrial fibrillation vs. eight in the placebo group (P=0.01).metoprolol improves EF both at rest and during submaximal exercise and prevents LV dilatation in mild to moderate CHF due to IHD or DCM.
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