| 1. |
- Tonda, R., et al.
(författare)
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Potential Utilization of Dried Rice Leftover of Household Organic Waste for Poultry Functional Feed
- 2022
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Ingår i: Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences. - : Hashemite University. - 1995-6673 .- 2307-7166. ; 15:5, s. 879-886
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Indonesia produced 30 × 106 t of waste in 2021; 40 % was organic and 276 × 103 t leftover rice. Meanwhile, broiler chicken farmers have been struggling with high feed costs to continue their production. Processing leftover rice into "aking-rice" is environmentally friendly, and it also provides alternative feed for chickens. "Aking-rice" is a type of resistant starch because it has undergone a gelatinization process that works as a synthesis of short-chain fatty acids that positively improve the function of the digestive tract because it increases the villi in the small intestine. This study analyzed the potential of “akingrice” in broiler chicken productivity. The experimental method was a completely randomized design with three treatments, five replications and 12 chickens in each unit. The treatments are T0 (100 % basal feed), T1 (80 % basal feed + 20 % “akingrice” spread on top of the basal feed), and T2 (80 % basal feed + 20 % "aking-rice" mix). Statistical analysis used ANOVA, and continued with LSD with observed variables, i.e. Feed Intake (FI), Average Daily Gain (ADG), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), and Performance Index (PI). The results showed that the highest FI values were T0 (99.02), T1 (97.45), and T2 (96.58). The highest ADG was T1 (40.40) then T0 (37.07) and the lowest was T2 (36.40). T1 has the lowest FCR (2.42) compared to T0 (2.68), T2 (2.66). The lowest FCR is T1 (2.42), then T2 (2.66) and the highest is T0 (2.68). The third variable was not significantly different, but the PI results showed a significant difference with the highest PI value T1 (433.84), while T0 (374.81) and T2 (372.67) were not different. Economic analysis also shows that the highest cost T0 (118 475) is significantly different from T1 (110 541) and T2 (109 558). The highest profit is shown by T1 (2 102) then T2 (1 063) and T0 (507). In conclusion, the use of "aking-rice" can increase the performance index with a higher ADG value and a lower FCR so that the costs are smaller and the profit is greater.
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| 2. |
- Setyobudi, R H, et al.
(författare)
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Prospect of Fe non-heme on coffee flour made from solid coffee waste : Mini review
- 2019
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. - : IOP Publishing. ; , s. 1-24
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coffee flour (CF) from coffee pulp or husk, solid waste of coffee processing have launched in Canada since 2015. This product is claimed as certified of gluten-free, vegan, kosher, paleo, and non-GMO. Coffe flour is stated to contain three times Fe content than fresh spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Several receipts of cookies, donuts, and cakes using CF has been introduced as wheat flour substitution. However, the scientific publication of CF impact for health does not appear until August 2018 yet. A review has been carried out using data on Google with a maximum publication age of 15 yr. This Fe non-heme prospect is allegedly unable to be absorbed optimally by the organism. Coffee pulp and husk contain an inhibitor, such as caffeine, polyphenol, calcium, dietary fiber, manganese, magnesium, and zinc; which detain Fe absorption. On the other hand, the promoter/enhancer of Fe absorption such as vitamin C, vitamin A, and amino acid was decreased in CF processing. Several types of research have to be conducted to tackle this problem in Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University Muhammadyah of Malang, Indonesia.
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