| 1. |
- Hernandez Alava, Monica, et al.
(författare)
-
Measuring quality of life of patients with axial spondyloarthritis for economic evaluation
- 2022
-
Ingår i: RMD Open. - : BMJ. - 2056-5933. ; 8:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To estimate the relationship between EQ5D (three levels, UK version) and the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) for use in the economic evaluation of health technologies for people with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). To compare against the relationship with the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). Methods An electronic, prospective, Portuguese, nationwide, rheumatic disease register (Reuma.pt) provided data on 1140 patients (5483 observations) with a confirmed diagnosis of axSpA. We estimated models of EQ5D as a function of ASDAS, alone or in combination with measures of functional impairment, using bespoke mixture models which reflect the complex distributional features of EQ5D. The SPondyloArthritis Caught Early cohort provided data from 344 patients (1405 observations) in four European countries and was used for validation. A previously published model of BASDAI/Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) was also used to generate predicted EQ5D scores and model performance compared. Results A non-linear relationship exists between EQ5D from ASDAS. The final model included ASDAS, ASDAS squared, age and age squared and demonstrated close fit in both datasets except where data were sparse for patients with very high levels of disease activity (ASDAS >4). This finding held in the validation dataset. Models that included BASFI improved model fit. The ASDAS based models fit the data marginally less well than models using BASDAI. Conclusions Mapping models linking ASDAS to EQ5D allow results from clinical studies to be used in economic evaluation of health technologies with confidence. There is some loss of information compared with BASDAI but this has only a marginal impact.
|
|
| 2. |
- Johannesen, Kasper M, et al.
(författare)
-
How to design the cost‐effectiveness appraisal process of new healthcare technologies to maximise population health : A conceptual framework
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Health Economics. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1057-9230 .- 1099-1050. ; 27:2, s. e41-e54
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a conceptual framework to analyse the design of the cost‐effectiveness appraisal process of new healthcare technologies. The frameworkcharacterises the appraisal processes as a diagnostic test aimed at identifyingcost‐effective (true positive) and non‐cost‐effective (true negative) technologies.Using the framework, factors that influence the value of operating an appraisalprocess, in terms of net gain to popula tion health, are identified. The frame-work is used to gain insight into current policy questions including (a) howrigorous the process should be, (b) who should have the burden of proof, and(c) how optimal design changes when allowing for appeals, price reductions,resubmissions, and re‐evaluations.The paper demonstrates that there is no one optimal appraisal process and theprocess should be adapted over time and to the specific technology underassessment. Optimal design depends on country‐specific features of (future)technologies, for example, effect, price, and size of the patient population,which might explain the difference in appraisal processes across countries. Itis shown that burden of pro of should be placed on the producers and that theimpact of price reductions and patient access schemes on the producer's pricesetting should be considered when designing the appraisal process.
|
|
