| 1. |
- Awasthi, Mukesh Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Filamentous fungi for sustainable vegan food production systems within a circular economy : Present status and future prospects
- 2023
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Ingår i: Food Research International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0963-9969 .- 1873-7145. ; 164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Filamentous fungi serve as potential candidates in the production of different value-added products. In the context of food, there are several advantages of using filamentous fungi for food. Among the main advantages is that the fungal biomass used food not only meets basic nutritional requirements but that it is also rich in protein, low in fat, and free of cholesterol. This speaks to the potential of filamentous fungi in the production of food that can substitute animal-derived protein sources such as meat. Moreover, life-cycle analyses and techno-economic analyses reveal that fungal proteins perform better than animal-derived proteins in terms of land use efficiency as well as global warming. The present article provides an overview of the potential of filamentous fungi as a source of food and food supplements. The commercialization potential as well as social, legal and safety issues of fungi-based food products are discussed.
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| 2. |
- Chandolias, Konstantinos, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Bio‑hydrogen and VFA production from steel mill gases using pure and mixed bacterial cultures
- 2023
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology Reports. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2589-014X. ; 23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major source of CO2 emissions is the flaring of steel mill gas. This work demonstrated the enrichment of carboxydotrophic bacteria for converting steel mill gas into volatile fatty acids and H2, via gas fermentation. Several combinations of pure and mixed anaerobic cultures were used as inoculum in 0.5-L reactors, operated at 30 and 60 °C. The process was then scaled up in a 4-L membrane bioreactor, operated for 20 days, at 48 °C. The results showed that the enriched microbiomes can oxidize CO completely to produce H2/H+ which is subsequently used to fix the CO2. At 30 °C, a mixture of acetate, isobutyrate and propionate was obtained while H2 and acetate were the main products at 60 °C. The highest CO conversion and H2 production rate observed in the membrane bioreactor were 29 and 28 mL/LR/h, respectively. The taxonomic diversity of the bacterial community increased and the dominant species was Pseudomonas.
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| 3. |
- Chandolias, Konstantinos, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Heavy Metals and pH on the Conversion of Biomass to Hydrogen via Syngas Fermentation
- 2018
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Ingår i: BioResources. - : BioResources. - 1930-2126. ; 13:2, s. 4455-4469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of three heavy metals on hydrogen production via syngas fermentation were investigated within a metal concentration range of 0 to 1.5 mg Cu/L, 0 to 9 mg Zn/L, 0 to 42 mg Mn/L, in media with initial pH of 5, 6, and 7, at 55 degrees C. The results showed that at lower metal concentration, pH 6 was optimum while at higher metal concentrations, pH 5 stimulated the process. More specifically, the highest hydrogen production activity recorded was 155% +/- 12% at a metal concentration of 0.04 mg Cu/L, 0.25 mg Zn/L, and 1.06 mg Mn/L and an initial medium pH of 6. At higher metal concentration (0.625 mg Cu/L, 3.75 mg Zn/L, and 17.5 mg Mn/L), only pH 5 was stimulating for the cells. The results showed that the addition of heavy metals, contained in gasification-derived ash, can improve the production rate and yield of fermentative hydrogen. This could lead to lower costs in gasification process and fermentative hydrogen production and less demand for syngas cleaning before syngas fermentation.
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| 4. |
- Harirchi, Sharareh, et al.
(författare)
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Microbiological insights into anaerobic digestion for biogas, hydrogen or volatile fatty acids (VFAs) : a review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bioengineered. - : Taylor and Francis Ltd.. - 2165-5979 .- 2165-5987. ; 13:3, s. 6521-6557
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the past decades, considerable attention has been directed toward anaerobic digestion (AD), which is an effective biological process for converting diverse organic wastes into biogas, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), biohydrogen, etc. The microbial bioprocessing takes part during AD is of substantial significance, and one of the crucial approaches for the deep and adequate understanding and manipulating it toward different products is process microbiology. Due to highly complexity of AD microbiome, it is critically important to study the involved microorganisms in AD. In recent years, in addition to traditional methods, novel molecular techniques and meta-omics approaches have been developed which provide accurate details about microbial communities involved AD. Better understanding of process microbiomes could guide us in identifying and controlling various factors in both improving the AD process and diverting metabolic pathway toward production of selective bio-products. This review covers various platforms of AD process that results in different final products from microbiological point of view. The review also highlights distinctive interactions occurring among microbial communities. Furthermore, assessment of these communities existing in the anaerobic digesters is discussed to provide more insights into their structure, dynamics, and metabolic pathways. Moreover, the important factors affecting microbial communities in each platform of AD are highlighted. Finally, the review provides some recent applications of AD for the production of novel bio-products and deals with challenges and future perspectives of AD. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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| 5. |
- Jomnonkhaow, Umarin, et al.
(författare)
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Membrane bioreactor-assisted volatile fatty acids production and in situ recovery from cow manure
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cow manure (CM) generation in large volumes has for long been considered a waste management challenge. However, the organic content of CM signals opportunities for the production of value-added bioproducts such as volatile fatty acids (VFAs) through anaerobic digestion (AD). However, a robust VFAs fermentation process requires effective methane formation inhibition and enhance VFAs recovery. In this study, thermal pretreatment was applied to inhibit methanogens for enhanced VFAs production and an immersed membrane bioreactor (iMBR) for in situ recovery of VFAs in a semi-continuous AD. Maximal VFAs yield of 0.41 g VFAs/g volatile solids (VS) was obtained from thermally-treated CM without inoculum addition. The CM was further fed to the iMBR operating at organic loading rates of 0.8–4.7 gVS/L.d. The VFAs concentration increased to 6.93 g/L by rising substrate loading to 4.7 g VS/L.d. The applied iMBR set-up was successfully used for stable long-term (114 days) VFAs production and recovery.
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| 6. |
- Mukesh Kumar, Awasthi, et al.
(författare)
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A critical review of organic manure biorefinery models toward sustainable circular bioeconomy: Technological challenges, advancements, innovations, and future perspectives
- 2019
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Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; , s. 115-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Total livestock emissions account for up to 14.5% of man-made greenhouse gas emissions. Counteractive measures, such as circular economy concepts and negative emission technologies are necessary to limit global warming below 1.5 °C. Possible treatment options for organic manure include anaerobic digestion, combustion, gasification, hydrothermal liquefaction and composting. The choice of treatment varies depending on the economics, the requirement of a specific product, and sociocultural factors. Commercialization of these treatments needs a blend of appropriate technology, feasible economics, policy support and agreeable socio-cultural conditions. Key findings of this study include the following: 1. Increasing scientific awareness about manure management and treatment; 2. Building a sustainable cooperative model to commercialize technologies; 3. Creating a market for manure recycling products; 4. The role of policy in supporting technologies and consumers; and 5. The codigestion of substrates for better efficacy. Current trends show minimal actions in place as opposed to the high-rate of acceleration that is necessary.
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| 7. |
- Mukesh Kumar, Awasthi, et al.
(författare)
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Metagenomics for taxonomy profiling : tools and approaches
- 2020
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Ingår i: Bioengineered. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2165-5979 .- 2165-5987. ; 11:1, s. 356-374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study of metagenomics is an emerging field that identifies the total genetic materials in an organism along with the set of all genetic materials like deoxyribonucleic acid and ribose nucleic acid, which play a key role with the maintenance of cellular functions. The best part of this technology is that it gives more flexibility to environmental microbiologists to instantly pioneer the immense genetic variability of microbial communities. However, it is intensively complex to identify the suitable sequencing measures of any specific gene that can exclusively indicate the involvement of microbial metagenomes and be able to advance valuable results about these communities. This review provides an overview of the metagenomic advancement that has been advantageous for aggregation of more knowledge about speci?c genes, microbial communities and its metabolic pathways. More speci?c drawbacks of metagenomes technology mainly depend on sequence-based analysis. Therefore, this ‘targeted based metagenomics’ approach will give comprehensive knowledge about the ecological, evolutionary and functional sequence of significantly important genes that naturally exist in living beings either human, animal and microorganisms from distinctive ecosystems.
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| 8. |
- Mukesh Kumar, Awasthi, et al.
(författare)
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Methanogen and nitrifying genes dynamics in immersed membrane bioreactors during anaerobic co-digestion of different organic loading rates food waste
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bioresource Technology. - : Elsevier. - 0960-8524 .- 1873-2976. ; 342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work was aimed to evaluate the distinctive food waste (FW) organic loading rates (OLR) on methanogen and nitrifying genes dynamics and its correlation with identified relative abundance of bacterial dynamics during the anaerobic digestion. This experiment were carried out in the digesters at high OLR of food wastes at (4 to 8 g volatile solids/liter/day reactor R1) and (6 to 10 g volatile solids/liter/day reactor R2). The results shown that the relative abundance of mcrA, mcrB and mcrG genes were richest in the first day of both R1 and R2. In addition, the most of nitrifying genes were greater in after 34 days digestion in R2, while these genes did not show the specific regularity in R1. Finally, the correlation figure shows that Clostridium and Lactobacillus genera were significantly correlated with the different organic acids and methanogen and nitrifying genes dynamics.
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| 9. |
- Mukesh Kumar, Awasthi, et al.
(författare)
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Techno-economics and life-cycle assessment of biological and thermochemical treatment of bio-waste
- 2021
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Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The energy sector contributed to three-fourth of overall global emissions in the past decade. Biological wastes can be converted to useful energy and other byproducts via biological or thermo-chemical routes. However, issues such as techno-economic feasibility and lack of understanding on the overall lifecycle of a product have hindered commercialization. It is needed to recognize these inter-disciplinary factors. This review attempts to critically evaluate the role of technology, economics and lifecycle assessment of bio-waste in two processing types. This includes: 1. biological and, 2. thermo-chemical route. The key findings of this work are: 1. Policy support is essential for commercialization of a waste treatment technology; 2. adequate emphasis is necessary on the social dimensions in creating awareness; and 3. from a product development perspective, research should focus on industrial needs. The choice of the treatment and their commercialization depends on the regional demand of a product, policy support, and technology maturity. Utilization of bio-wastes to produce value-added products will enhance circular economy, which in turn improves sustainability.
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| 10. |
- Parchami, Mohsen, et al.
(författare)
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MBR-Assisted VFAs production from excess sewage sludge and food waste slurry for sustainable wastewater treatment
- 2020
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Ingår i: Applied Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3417. ; 10:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The significant amount of excess sewage sludge (ESS) generated on a daily basis by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is mainly subjected to biogas production, as for other organic waste streams such as food waste slurry (FWS). However, these organic wastes can be further valorized by production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) that have various applications such as the application as an external carbon source for the denitrification stage at a WWTP. In this study, an immersed membrane bioreactor set-up was proposed for the stable production and in situ recovery of clarified VFAs from ESS and FWS. The VFAs yields from ESS and FWS reached 0.38 and 0.34 gVFA/gVSadded, respectively, during a three-month operation period without pH control. The average flux during the stable VFAs production phase with the ESS was 5.53 L/m2/h while 16.18 L/m2/h was attained with FWS. Moreover, minimal flux deterioration was observed even during operation at maximum suspended solids concentration of 32 g/L, implying that the membrane bioreactors could potentially guarantee the required volumetric productivities. In addition, the techno-economic assessment of retrofitting the membrane-assisted VFAs production process in an actual WWTP estimated savings of up to 140 €/h for replacing 300 kg/h of methanol with VFAs. © 2020 by the authors.
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