| 1. |
- Andersson, Elias, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Decarbonization of industry : Implementation of energy performance indicators for successful energy management practices in kraft pulp mills
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy Reports. - : Elsevier. - 2352-4847. ; 7, s. 1808-1817
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Energy management is the most prominent means of improving energy efficiency, and improved energy efficiency constitutes the cornerstone in decarbonization. For successful industrial energy management, defining accurate energy performance indicators (EnPIs) is essential. Energy-intensive industries have previously been found to have an improvement potential regarding the current monitoring of EnPIs, especially at process level. While general models for developing and implementing EnPIs exist, manufacturing industries are diverse in terms of their production processes, which is why industry-tailored models for EnPI development are needed. One major outcome of this paper is a unique model specifically tailored for kraft pulp mills. The model derives from a practice-based approach for EnPI development, building on real-life experiences from a Swedish group of companies. This paper’s developed model, and the validation of the EnPIs, further increase the understanding of the kraft pulp industry’s processes and how to apply descriptive and explanatory indicators. The developed model can potentially be generalized to other sectors.
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| 2. |
- Cruz, Igor, 1986-
(författare)
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Evaluating the utilisation of industrial excess heat from an energy systems perspective
- 2022
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sweden aims to achieve climate neutrality by 2045. The need to immediately reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to achieve climate targets affects industry directly. The pulp and paper sector is responsible for more than 50% of industrial energy use in Sweden. Increased energy efficiency is expected to contribute significantly to the reduction of primary energy use. The recovery and utilisation of industrial excess heat (IEH) has been identified as an important potential contribution to energy efficiency in industry. Previous research based on top-down studies has estimated the availability of IEH for entire sectors, and bottom-up results for many case studies are available. While top-down studies lack detailed information on the profile of the excess heat available, bottom-up studies have limited coverage. Detailed information about excess heat amounts and temperature levels is required for the assessment of the potential of the various heat recovery technologies that are available. The aim of this thesis is to present, in a series of steps, methods to systematically analyse an industrial process to obtain a detailed profile of the excess heat available under various process conditions, to aggregate results that can be generalised to whole industrial sectors, and to obtain IEH recovery potentials using different technologies. The assessment of the utilisation options for IEH recovery is complemented with an analysis of system aspects that could affect profitability and global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. An energy-targeting procedure combined with optimisation has been applied to six case studies of kraft pulp and paper mills in Sweden. This method obtained IEH profiles that were used in a regression analysis to estimate the IEH availability and electricity generation potentials from low and medium temperature IEH using organic Rankine cycles (ORC). A comparison of profitability and global GHG emissions between ORC electricity generation using IEH and small-scale combined heat and electricity (CHP) production is presented for three energy markets.The results show that there is a potential to increase electricity generation from low and medium temperature IEH by 7–9% in the kraft mills in Sweden, depending on the level of process integration considered. The utilisation of low and medium temperature IEH for electricity generation has the potential to reduce global GHG emissions in all the energy-market scenarios considered, but if biomass is considered a limited resource, district heating (DH) deliveries can achieve higher global GHG reductions. ORC electricity generation from low and medium temperature IEH is economically viable and showed overall better profitability and GHG emissions reductions than small-scale CHP using ORCs. The economic feasibility of ORC electricity generation is less affected by external conditions and uncertainties than direct DH deliveries.
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| 3. |
- Haraldsson, Joakim, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Taxonomy, Saving Potentials and Key Performance Indicators for Energy End-Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Aluminium Industry and Aluminium Casting Foundries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI. - 1996-1073. ; 14:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increasing energy efficiency within the industrial sector is one of the main approachesin order to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. The production and processing of aluminiumis energy and greenhouse gas intensive. To make well-founded decisions regarding energy effi-ciency and greenhouse gas mitigating investments, it is necessary to have relevant key performanceindicators and information about energy end-use. This paper develops a taxonomy and key perfor-mance indicators for energy end-use and greenhouse gas emissions in the aluminium industry andaluminium casting foundries. This taxonomy is applied to the Swedish aluminium industry andtwo foundries. Potentials for energy saving and greenhouse gas mitigation are estimated regardingstatic facility operation. Electrolysis in primary production is by far the largest energy using andgreenhouse gas emitting process within the Swedish aluminium industry. Notably, almost half of thetotal greenhouse gas emissions from electrolysis comes from process-related emissions, while theother half comes from the use of electricity. In total, about 236 GWh/year (or 9.2% of the total energyuse) and 5588–202,475 tonnes CO2eq/year can be saved in the Swedish aluminium industry and twoaluminium casting foundries. The most important key performance indicators identified for energyend-use and greenhouse gas emissions are MWh/tonne product and tonne CO2-eq/tonne product.The most beneficial option would be to allocate energy use and greenhouse gas emissions to boththe process or machine level and the product level, as this would give a more detailed picture of thecompany’s energy use and greenhouse gas emissions.
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| 4. |
- Thollander, Patrik, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Energinyckeltal och växthusgasutsläpp baserade på industrins energianvändande processer
- 2021
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Svensk industri bör strategiskt arbeta mot ökad energi- och resurseffektivitet på en global marknad med knappare resurser. I detta sammanhang spelar beslutsunderlag och nyckeltal en central roll för att nå ökad effektivitet. Även för tillsynsmyndigheter är rättvisande nyckeltal avseende slutenergianvändning av mycket stor vikt för att kunna bedriva ett rättvist förebyggande och proaktivt arbete med svenska företag. De nyckeltal som finns på internationell och nationell nivå är baserade på tillförd energi och ofta relaterade till en ekonomisk output, till exempel förädlingsvärde. Det saknas emellertid nyckeltal kring slutenergianvändningen inom svensk industri fördelat på energibärare såsom el och olja och fördelat på slutenergiprocesser såsom ugnar, tryckluftskompressorer, etc. De siffror som ibland anges är baserade på grova uppskattningar. Projektets mål har därför varit att generera ett processträd avseende flera av de största, till slutenergianvändning räknat, svenska industribranscherna avseende hur slutenergianvändningen är fördelad på processnivå och olika energibärare, samt att allokera växthusgasutsläpp på dessa olika processer. Resultaten indikerar att nyckeltal baserade på energianvändning och indirekta växthusgasutsläpp på processnivå kan bidra till bättre kunskap om i vilka industriella energianvändande processer den största potentialen för energieffektivisering och minskning av växthusgasutsläpp finns. För att upprätthålla kunskap om var den största potentialen för förbättring finns krävs att energidata regelbundet samlas in efter en standardiserad kategorisering av energianvändande processer. Även om projektet har avgränsats till svensk industri kan resultatet vara till nytta också för andra medlemsstater inom EU liksom globalt.
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| 5. |
- Wadström, Christoffer, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for studying outcomes in industrial symbiosis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is likely that different industrial symbiosis collaborations will have different sets of winners and losers when it comes to benefits or costs. In this study we present an analytical framework intended for evaluating a wide-range of industrial symbiosis outcomes that will aid in research design. The framework provide a base for including a broader, but also, specific set of effects and outcomes (economic, environmental and social), including a diverse set of clearly defined actors. Used consistently, the framework can average out costs and benefits across actors in the whole society, so that each actor is more likely to (over time) realize net positive outcomes from a full set of industrial symbiosis applications. The analytical framework is developed by combining theory and concepts from the system of national accounts, the planetary boundaries, and the social foundation. The analytical framework is then applied in a state of the art review, analysing value and benefits in 56 industrial symbiosis research articles. Besides providing a robust model for analysing industrial symbiosis, the results show that private market-based outcomes are the dominant form of economic value and that nonmarket valuations are completely absent. Environmental outcomes mainly consist of decreased CO2 emissions, chemical pollution and water use. Social outcomes include private income and work and network effects for the companies involved in the industrial symbiosis.
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