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| 2. |
- Calzetti, D., et al.
(författare)
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Spatially Resolved Dust, Gas, and Star Formation in the Dwarf Magellanic Irregular NGC 4449
- 2018
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 852:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the relation between gas and star formation in subgalactic regions, similar to 360. pc to similar to 1.5. kpc in size, within the nearby starburst dwarf NGC 4449, in order to separate the underlying relation from the effects of sampling at varying spatial scales. Dust and gas mass surface densities are derived by combining new observations at 1.1. mm, obtained with the AzTEC instrument on the Large Millimeter Telescope, with archival infrared images in the range 8-500 mu m from the Spitzer Space Telescope and the Herschel Space Observatory. We extend the dynamic range of our millimeter (and dust) maps at the faint end, using a correlation between the far-infrared/millimeter colors F(70)/F(1100) (and F(160)/F(1100)) and the mid-infrared color F(8)/F(24) that we establish for the first time for this and other galaxies. Supplementing our data with maps of the extinction-corrected star formation rate (SFR) surface density, we measure both the SFR-molecular gas and the SFR-total. gas relations in NGC 4449. We find that the SFR-molecular. gas relation is described by a power law with an exponent that decreases from similar to 1.5 to similar to 1.2 for increasing region size, while the exponent of the SFR-total. gas relation remains constant with a value of similar to 1.5 independent of region size. We attribute the molecular law behavior to the increasingly better sampling of the molecular cloud mass function at larger region sizes; conversely, the total gas law behavior likely results from the balance between the atomic and molecular gas phases achieved in regions of active star formation. Our results indicate a nonlinear relation between SFR and gas surface density in NGC 4449, similar to what is observed for galaxy samples.
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- Fagley, R. Eliot, et al.
(författare)
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Critical Care Basic Ultrasound Learning Goals for American Anesthesiology Critical Care Trainees : Recommendations from an Expert Group
- 2015
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Ingår i: Anesthesia and Analgesia. - 0003-2999 .- 1526-7598. ; 120:5, s. 1041-1053
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: In this review, we define learning goals and recommend competencies concerning focused basic critical care ultrasound (CCUS) for critical care specialists in training. DESIGN: The narrative review is, and the recommendations contained herein are, sponsored by the Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists. Our recommendations are based on a structured -literature review by an expert panel of anesthesiology intensivists and cardiologists with formal training in ultrasound. Published descriptions of learning and training routines from anesthesia-critical care and other specialties were identified and considered. Sections were written by groups with special expertise, with dissent included in the text. RESULTS: Learning goals and objectives were identified for achieving competence in the use of CCUS at a specialist level (critical care fellowship training) for diagnosis and monitoring of vital organ dysfunction in the critical care environment. The ultrasound examination was divided into vascular, abdominal, thoracic, and cardiac components. For each component, learning goals and specific skills were presented. Suggestions for teaching and training methods were described. DISCUSSION: Immediate bedside availability of ultrasound resources can dramatically improve the ability of critical care physicians to care for critically ill patients. Anesthesia-critical care medicine training should have definitive expectations and performance standards for basic CCUS interpretation by anesthesiology-critical care specialists. The learning goals in this review reflect current trends in the multispecialty critical care environment where ultrasound-based diagnostic strategies are already frequently applied. These competencies should be formally taught as part of an established anesthesiology-critical care medicine graduate medical education programs.
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- Hachem Vermette, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Towards the development of legislative framework for solar neighborhoods
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Built Environment. - 2297-3362. ; 10
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The growing implementation of sustainable urban infrastructure, utilizing solar energy for heat and power generation, daylighting, and thermal comfort, has intensified the focus on sustainability standards and guidelines. Nevertheless, a noticeable deficiency persists in regulations that specifically address solar energy access and protection, posing a barrier to the diffusion of solar-centric neighborhoods. This paper examines the traditional urban regulatory frameworks and the state of solar energy regulations and practices within five countries (i.e., Canada, Italy, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland). The aim of the study is to (i) identify gaps in existing regulations, standards, and codes, (ii) highlight the need for future regulations to protect solar access and rights, and (iii) support the deployment of solar technologies on a large scale. The results underline that climate-related regulations often fall short of specificity tailored to regional and local climates, relying on generalized climate considerations. Solar energy legislation is generally scarce and lacks comprehensive planning. Finally, despite various financial incentives for the installation of active solar strategies, their impact remains limited, impeding the wide spread of solar technology as a primary source of energy production in urban environment.
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| 5. |
- Landerholm, Kalle, et al.
(författare)
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Overrepresentation of HLA-DQ2 in Small Intestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor Patients
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer. - : Springer. - 1941-6628 .- 1941-6636. ; 45:4, s. 472-475
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To investigate whether celiac disease risk haplotypes HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 also increase the risk for developing small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor (SI-NET).Methods: Thirty-five patients with serotonin-producing jejunal and ileal SI-NET were examined with HLA-DQ genotyping and serology for IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies.Results: Twenty-one patients (60 %) carried HLA-DQ2 or DQ8, twice the frequency of the general population (P < 0.001). In particular DQ2 was overrepresented (P = 0.013). Gender, age, disease stage, histopathological grade, or multifocality of primary tumor did not differ between patients with DQ2 or DQ8 and patients with other HLA-DQ haplotypes. No patient in the study was diagnosed with celiac disease (latent or symptomatic) as anti-tTG antibodies were negative in all 35.Conclusion: HLA-DQ haplotypes associated with celiac disease are overrepresented also in patients with SI-NET, in particular HLA-DQ2.
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| 6. |
- Passer, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental product declarations entering the building sector: critical reflections based on 5 to 10 years experience in different European countries
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1614-7502 .- 0948-3349. ; 20:9, s. 1199-1212
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Growing awareness of the environmental performanceof construction products and buildings brings aboutthe need for a suitable method to assess their environmentalperformance. Life cycle assessment (LCA) has become awidely recognised and accepted method to assess the burdensand impacts throughout the life cycle. This LCA-based information may be in the form of environmental product declarations (EPD) or product environmental footprints (PEF), based on reliable and verifiable information. All of these use LCA to quantify and report several environmental impact categorie and may also provide additional information. To better understand on the one hand existing EPD programmes (EN 15804) for each country and on the other the recent developments in terms of EU reference document (e.g. PEF), the authors decided to write this review paper based on the outcomes of the EPD workshop that was held prior to SB13 Graz conference.Methods This paper presents the state of the art in LCA and an overview of the EPD programmes in five European countries(Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland) based on the workshop in the first part and a comprehensive description and comparison of the PEF method and EN 15804 in the second part. In the last part, a general conclusion will wrap up the findings and results will provide a further outlook on future activities.Results and discussion The high number of EPD programmesunderlines the fact that there is obviously a demand for assessments of the environmental performance of construction materials.In the comparison between and experiences of thedifferent countries, it can be seen that more similarities than differences exist. A comparison between PEF and EPD shows differences, e.g. LCIA impact categories and recyclingmethodology. Conclusions Independent of raising awareness of the construction material environmental performance, the existence of somany environmental claims calls for clarification andharmonisation. Additionally, construction materials beingassessed in the voluntary approaches have to follow theharmonised approach following the principles of the EuropeanConstruction Products Regulation (regulated) not to foster barriers of trade. The authors therefore highly appreciate the most recent activities of the sustainability of construction works (CEN/TC 350 committee http://portailgroupe.afnor.fr/public_espacenormalisation/CENTC350/index.html) currently workingon these issues at the EU level. Finally, the LCA community is further encouraged to increase the background life cycleinventory data and life cycle inventory modelling as well as the meaningfulness of certain environmental impact categories, such as toxicity, land use, biodiversity and resource usage.
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