| 1. |
- Abdullah, Zaid, et al.
(författare)
-
Cooperative Hybrid Networks with Active Relays and RISs for B5G : Applications, Challenges, and Research Directions
- 2022
-
Ingår i: IEEE Wireless Communications. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1536-1284. ; , s. 1-7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among the recent advances and innovations in wireless technologies, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have received much attention and are envisioned to be one of the enabling technologies for beyond 5G (B5G) networks. On the other hand, active (or classical) cooperative relays have played a key role in providing reliable and power-efficient communications in previous wireless generations. In this article, we focus on hybrid network architectures that amalgamate both active relays and RISs. The operation concept and protocols of each technology are first discussed. Subsequently, we present multiple use cases of cooperative hybrid networks where both active relays and RISs can coexist harmoniously for enhanced rate performance. Furthermore, a case study is provided which demonstrates the achievable rate performance of a communication network assisted by either an active relay, an RIS, or both, and with different relaying protocols. Finally, we provide the reader with the challenges and key research directions in this area.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Bottero, Margherita, et al.
(författare)
-
Is there a long-term effect of Africa's slave trades?
- 2011
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nunn (2008) found a negative relationship between past slave exports and economic performance within Africa. Here we investigate these findings and the suggested causal pathway in further detail. Extending the sample period back in time we reveal that the coefficient on slave exports did not become significantly negative until 1970, and that it was close to zero in 1960. One potential explanation for this temporal pattern could be decolonization. But, somewhat puzzlingly, we document a similar downward slope for the relationship between slave raids contemporaneous to the African slave trades and economic performance within Italy. In addition, our reading of the historical and anthropological literature differs from that of Nunn. For instance, taking a global rather than African perspective we find that the African slave trades cannot without difficulties explain the patterns of ethnic fractionalization that we observe today.
|
|
| 4. |
- Caretta, Martina Angela, et al.
(författare)
-
Water
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability : Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Cesarini, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Heritability of ultimatum game responder behavior
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 104:40, s. 15631-15634
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental evidence suggests that many people are willing to deviate from materially maximizing strategies to punish unfair behavior. Even though little is known about the origins of such fairness preferences, it has been suggested that they have deep evolutionary roots and that they are crucial for maintaining and understanding cooperation among non-kin. Here we report the results of an ultimatum game, played for real monetary stakes, using twins recruited from the population-based Swedish Twin Registry as our subject pool. Employing standard structural equation modeling techniques, we estimate that >40% of the variation in subjects' rejection behavior is explained by additive genetic effects. Our estimates also suggest a very modest role for common environment as a source of phenotypic variation. Based on these findings, we argue that any attempt to explain observed ultimatum bargaining game behavior that ignores this genetic influence is incomplete.
|
|
| 7. |
- Cesarini, David, et al.
(författare)
-
The behavioral genetics of behavioral anomalies
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A number of recent papers have examined the environmental and genetic sources of individual differences in economic and financial decision making. Here we contribute to this burgeoning literature by extending it to a number of key behavioral anomalies that are thought to be of importance for consumption, savings, and portfolio selection decisions. Using survey-based evidence from more than 11,000 Swedish twins, we demonstrate that a number of anomalies such as, for instance, the conjunction fallacy, default bias, and loss aversion are moderately heritable. In contrast, our estimates imply that variation in common environment explains only a small share of individual differences. We also report suggestive evidence in favor of a shared genetic architecture between cognitive reflection and a subset of the studied anomalies. These results offer some support for the proposition that the heritable variation in behavioral anomalies is partly mediated by genetic variance in cognitive ability. Taken together with previous findings, our results underline the importance of genetic differences as a source of heterogeneity in economic and financial decision making.
|
|
| 8. |
- Cesarini, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Wealth, Health, and Child Development : Evidence from Administrative Data on Swedish Lottery Players
- 2015
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We use administrative data on Swedish lottery players to estimate the causal impact of substantial wealth shocks on players' own health and their children's health and developmental outcomes. Our estimation sample is large, virtually free of attrition, and allows us to control for the factors conditional on which the prizes were randomly assigned. In adults, we find no evidence that wealth impacts mortality or health care utilization, with the possible exception of a small reduction in the consumption of mental health drugs. Our estimates allow us to rule out effects on 10-year mortality one sixth as large as the cross-sectional wealth-mortality gradient. In our intergenerational analyses, we find that wealth increases children's health care utilization in the years following the lottery and may also reduce obesity risk. The effects on most other child outcomes, which include drug consumption, scholastic performance, and skills, can usually be bounded to a tight interval around zero. Overall, our findings suggest that in affluent countries with extensive social safety nets, causal effects of wealth are not a major source of the wealth-mortality gradients, nor of the observed relationships between child-developmental outcomes and household income.
|
|
| 9. |
- Cesarini, David, et al.
(författare)
-
WEALTH, HEALTH, AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT : EVIDENCE FROM ADMINISTRATIVE DATA ON SWEDISH LOTTERY PLAYERS
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Quarterly Journal of Economics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0033-5533 .- 1531-4650. ; 131:2, s. 687-738
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use administrative data on Swedish lottery players to estimate the causal impact of substantial wealth shocks on players' own health and their children's health and developmental outcomes. Our estimation sample is large, virtually free of attrition, and allows us to control for the factors conditional on which the prizes were randomly assigned. In adults, we find no evidence that wealth impacts mortality or health care utilization, with the possible exception of a small reduction in the consumption of mental health drugs. Our estimates allow us to rule out effects on 10-year mortality one sixth as large as the cross-sectional wealth-mortality gradient. In our intergenerational analyses, we find that wealth increases children's health care utilization in the years following the lottery and may also reduce obesity risk. The effects on most other child outcomes, including drug consumption, scholastic performance, and skills, can usually be bounded to a tight interval around zero. Overall, our findings suggest that in affluent countries with extensive social safety nets, causal effects of wealth are not a major source of the wealth-mortality gradients, nor of the observed relationships between child developmental outcomes and household income.
|
|
| 10. |
- Dawes, Christopher T., et al.
(författare)
-
Experimental Game Theory and Behavior Genetics
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0077-8923. ; , s. 66-75
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We summarize the findings from a research program studying the heritability of behavior in a number of widely used economic games, including trust, dictator, and ultimatum games. Results from the standard behavior genetic variance decomposition suggest that strategies and fundamental economic preference parameters are moderately heritable, with estimates ranging from 18 to 42%. In addition, we also report new evidence on so-called "hyperfair" preferences in the ultimatum game. We discuss the implications of our findings with special reference to current efforts that seek to understand the molecular genetic architecture of complex social behaviors.
|
|
