| 1. |
- Wallin, Paul, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Rapport från arkeologisk undersökning vid Botvalde 1:30, Gothem 232:1, Gotland
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med seminariegrävningen av fornborgen i Botvalde var att kartera och datera fornborgen genom att undersöka stenkonstruktionerna och området inne i borgen som visade höga fosfatvärden. För att kunna utföra dateringar var målet att hitta daterbara artefakter och/eller ekofakter av kol, nötskal och ben i icke omrörda, stratigrafiskt avgränsade kontexter. Dateringen och karteringen av fornborgen går i linje med syftet för forskningsprojektet “I Tjelvars fotspår”, vars mål är att digitalisera och rekonstruera det forntida landskapet kring Lina myr med hjälp av miljöanalyser, genom pollen- och diatomeanalyser, tidigare arkeologiska undersökningar, nya arkeologiska undersökningar samt ett samarbete med lokalbefolkningen och hembygdsföreningar. Målsättningen med projektet är att utarbeta upplevelsebaserade besöksmål i området för att öka kulturturismen att nå ut till den gotländska landsbygden.
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| 2. |
- Axelsson, Anton, 1981-
(författare)
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Knowledge elicitation as abstraction of purposive behaviour
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Researchers use knowledge elicitation methods to document expert knowledge for the primary purpose of understanding cognitive processes and with this understanding, technical solutions to resolve human factors issues can be produced. This dissertation offers a novel perspective on knowledge elicitation as an abstraction process. Such a theoretical framework has emerged by consolidating the ecological approach of Brunswikian psychology with the ideas of tacit and personal knowledge of Polanyian epistemology. Traditionally, knowledge elicitation has been considered an extraction process in which knowledge can be readily transferred from one individual to another. Here, this traditional position is rejected in favour of Polanyi’s premise that much of the knowledge individuals possess is tacit in nature, which implies that it cannot be documented easily, expressed in explicit form or explained. In this dissertation, knowledge is characterised as a personal process of knowing, highlighting context as a subjective knowledge structure of personal experiences that is formulated implicitly and indirectly over time through a dynamic interaction with the environment. Therefore, tacit knowledge cannot be articulated or shared; however, learners can be inspired by observing other individuals' purposive (i.e., goal-directed) behaviours and thus shape their own tacit knowledge once they practise the observed skills and develop conceptual understanding through reasoning about the learning process. Knowledge elicitation thereby makes use of observations, questions, or more structured process tracing methods in environments familiar to the observed individuals to elicit purposive behaviour from them. Accordingly, functional descriptions can be produced in this process that further conceptual understanding of a particular domain. Knowledge elicitation procedures are a powerful set of methods for reaching such functional descriptions. Moreover, by understanding the resulting knowledge elicitation data as an abstraction derived from multiple collection points in the same environment, the focus shifts from purely subjective mental constructs to the impact of environmental constraints.
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| 3. |
- Döring, Nora, et al.
(författare)
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Labour market position of young people and premature mortality in adult life : A 26-year follow-up of 569 528 Swedish 18 year-olds
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Lancet Regional Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-7762. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Throughout the industrialized world, demand for low skilled labour is falling. The length of schooling is increasing in response, but so is the proportion of individuals not finishing upper secondary school. The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between labour market positions at age 18 and all-cause and suicide- and accident-specific mortality in later adulthood.Methods: Labour market positions at age 18 were categorized for all Swedes born 1972-77 (n=630 959) into four main groups: employed, successful students, students not about to qualify (SNAQs), and individuals not in employment, education or training (NEETs). Cox proportional hazard models were fitted to assess allcause, suicide and accident mortality up to 2016 (ages 39-44), adjusting for high school grades, parental and own prior psychiatric diagnoses, and childhood socioeconomic status.Findings: SNAQs had substantially increased all-cause (men: HR=2.10; 95% CI 1.92-2.28, women: HR=1.64; 95% CI: 1.44-1.86), suicide (men: HR=2.16; CI: 1.86-2.51, women: HR=2.10; 95% CI 1.64-2.69), and accident specific (men: HR=2.08; 95% CI 1.77-2.44, women: 1.87; 95% CI 1.33;2.62) mortality risks compared to successful students. The risks were similar for NEETs. There was no increased risk among full-time employed compared to successful students.Interpretation: Expanding the educational system may be a natural response to falling demand for low skilled labour but not by far one that corrects the major societal challenge of it. Unless educational systems adequately respond to this challenge, only more inequality is to be expected ahead.
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| 4. |
- Hammar, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Error-rate-agnostic decoding of topological stabilizer codes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review A. - 2469-9934 .- 2469-9926. ; 105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efficient high-performance decoding of topological stabilizer codes has the potential to crucially improve the balance between logical failure rates and the number and individual error rates of the constituent qubits. High-threshold maximum-likelihood decoders require an explicit error model for Pauli errors to decode a specific syndrome, whereas lower-threshold heuristic approaches such as minimum-weight matching are error agnostic. Here we consider an intermediate approach, formulating a decoder that depends on the bias, i.e., the relative probability of phase-flip to bit-flip errors, but is agnostic to error rate. Our decoder is based on counting the number and effective weight of the most likely error chains in each equivalence class of a given syndrome. We use Metropolis-based Monte Carlo sampling to explore the space of error chains and find unique chains that are efficiently identified using a hash table. Using the error-rate invariance, the decoder can sample chains effectively at an error rate which is higher than the physical error rate and without the need for thermalization between chains in different equivalence classes. Applied to the surface code and the XZZX code, the decoder matches maximum-likelihood decoders for moderate code sizes or low error rates. We anticipate that, because of the compressed information content per syndrome, it can be taken full advantage of in combination with machine-learning methods to extrapolate Monte Carlo-generated data.
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| 5. |
- Maher, Azaza, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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An open-source visualization platform for energy flows mapping and enhanced decision making
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 3208-3214
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Visualization of energy consumption within the built environment, both in the private and public sectors, can be a potent tool for increasing conservation behavior. For instance, dynamics visualization could add new knowledge to the end-users to have a better understanding of the energy flows, dynamic mapping of the energy usage in order to avoid misplacing effort and resources, e.g. when it comes to selection of heating systems, investing in energy efficiency measures and renewables as well as when stakeholders are planning for new area to be populated with either commercial or residential buildings. This paper introduces an open-source visualization platform allowing various energy flows mapping in both time and space of a sports facilities. It further includes advanced functionalities such as key performance indicators and integrated prediction models to assist the benchmarking and decision making processes.
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| 6. |
- Maher, Azaza, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Energy flow mapping and key performance indicators for energy efficiency support : A case study a sports facility
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 1876-6102. ; , s. 4350-4356
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to investigate the energy consumption in a sport facilities and elaborate a set of novel energy indicators to support decision making process. Sports facilities are complex systems having higher significant energy demand than other facilities for service and recreation. These facilities require massive demand of various energy (e.g. heat, cooling, electricity) to meet the requirement of different types of sports facilities leading to a high complexity to understand and describe such facility accurately. To tackle this problem, an energy flow mapping of different energy demand is developed to have more insights on the energy flow in both time and space domain within one of the biggest sports facilities in Sweden, Rocklunda arena. All the energy meters are virtually connected to design a comprehensive mapping of the energy streams. Then the data is processed and analyzed to elaborate a set of novel key performance indicators KPIs allowing a simplistic description of the different aspects of the system consumption profile and the related energy performance.
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| 7. |
- Markstedt, Elias, et al.
(författare)
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Hur upplever gravida och deras partners Covid-19 pandemin?
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Att bli gravid och föda barn är livsomvälvande händelser. I arbetet med att förhindra smittspridningen har restriktioner införts på mödravårdscentraler och sjukhus, och för de många gravida har detta inneburit att mödrar inte fått ha med sig partners till ultraljud eller andra vårdbesök, att föräldra- och förlossningskurser ställts in, att partners med förkylningssymtom inte fått delta vid förlossning och att partnern på vissa sjukhus inte fått följa med till BB efter förlossningen. Med denna vetskap kan vi anta att gravida mödrar och deras partners är mer oroliga för coronaviruset, tänker oftare på det och dess konsekvenser, samt upplever sig mer påverkade av pandemin än den genomsnittlige individen. I den här rapporten visar vi hur utsatta de gravida och deras partners upplever att de är under pandemin och hur deras upplevelser ser ut i jämförelse med andra gruppers upplevda utsatthet. Till vår hjälp har vi resultat från SOM-undersökningen om coronaviruset 2020 samt Graviditetspanelen, som genomförs inom ramen för forskningsprogrammet Gothenburg Research Program on Pregnancy and Politics (PregDem)
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| 8. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 9. |
- Naurin, Elin, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Pregnant under the pressure of a pandemic: a large-scale longitudinal survey before and during the COVID-19 outbreak
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 31:1, s. 7-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background One of the groups that is most vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic is pregnant women. They cannot choose to refrain from care; they and their children are at risk of severe complications related to the virus; and they lose comfort and support as clinics prohibit their partners and as societal restrictions demand isolation from friends and relatives. It is urgent to study how this group is faring during the pandemic and we focus here on their health-related worries. Methods A longitudinal survey at a Swedish hospital starting six months before (16 September 2019) and continuing during the COVID-19 outbreak (until 25 August 2020). 6,941 pregnant women and partners of diverse social backgrounds were recruited. 96 percent of birth-giving women in the city take early ultrasounds where recruitment took place. 62 percent of the women with an appointment and 51 percent of their partners gave consent to participate. Results Pregnant women experienced dramatically increased worries for their own health, as well as for their partner’s and their child’s health in the beginning of the pandemic. The worries remained at higher than usual levels throughout the pandemic. Similar, but less dramatic changes, were seen among partners. Conclusions There is a need for heightened awareness of pregnant women’s and partners’ health-related worries as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Related feelings such as anxiety have been linked to adverse pregnancy outcome and might have long-term effects. The health care system needs to prepare for follow-up visits with these families.
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| 10. |
- Sörberg Wallin, Alma, et al.
(författare)
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Suicide attempt predicted by academic performance and childhood IQ : a cohort study of 26 000 children
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 137:4, s. 277-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Academic performance in youth, measured by grade point average (GPA), predicts suicide attempt, but the mechanisms are not known. It has been suggested that general intelligence might underlie the association.Methods: We followed 26 315 Swedish girls and boys in population-representative cohorts, up to maximum 46 years of age, for the first suicide attempt in hospital records. Associations between GPA at age 16, IQ measured in school at age 13 and suicide attempt were investigated in Cox regressions and mediation analyses.Results: There was a clear graded association between lower GPA and subsequent suicide attempt. With control for potential confounders, those in the lowest GPA quartile had a near five-fold risk (HR 4.9, 95% CI 3.7–6.7) compared to those in the highest quartile. In a mediation analysis, the association between GPA and suicide attempt was robust, while the association between IQ and suicide attempt was fully mediated by GPA.Conclusions: Poor academic performance in compulsory school, at age 16, was a robust predictor of suicide attempt past young adulthood and seemed to account for the association between lower childhood IQ and suicide attempt.
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