| 1. |
- Nyberg, Jenny, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiovascular and cognitive fitness at age 18 and risk of early-onset dementia.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Brain : a journal of neurology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2156. ; 137:Pt 5, s. 1514-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with early-onset dementia are a significantly under-recognized subgroup of patients with an increasing prevalence. Epidemiological studies are limited and studies of modifiable risk factors, such as physical fitness, are lacking. We aimed to investigate the associations between cardiovascular fitness individually and in combination with cognitive performance at age 18 and risk of early-onset dementia and mild cognitive impairment later in life. We performed a population-based cohort study of over 1.1 million Swedish, 18-year-old, male conscripts, who underwent conscription exams between 1968 and 2005. These males were then followed for up to 42 years. Objective data on cardiovascular fitness and cognitive performance were collected during conscription exams and were subsequently linked with hospital registries to calculate later risk of early-onset dementia and mild cognitive impairment using Cox proportional hazards models controlling for several confounders. The scores from the exams were divided into tertiles (low, medium, high) for the analyses. The mean follow-up time for the analyses was 25.7 years (standard deviation: 9.3) and the median was 27 years. In total, 30 195 315 person-years of follow-up were included in the study. In fully adjusted models, both low cardiovascular fitness and cognitive performance (compared to high) at age 18 were associated with increased risk for future early-onset dementia (cardiovascular fitness, n = 662 events: hazard ratio 2.49, 95%, confidence interval 1.87-3.32; cognitive performance, n = 657 events: hazard ratio 4.11, 95%, confidence interval 3.19-5.29) and mild cognitive impairment (cardiovascular fitness, n = 213 events: hazard ratio 3.57, 95%, confidence interval 2.23-5.74; cognitive performance, n = 212 events: hazard ratio 3.23, 95%, confidence interval 2.12-4.95). Poor performance on both cardiovascular fitness and cognitive tests was associated with a >7-fold (hazard ratio 7.34, 95%, confidence interval 5.08-10.58) and a >8-fold (hazard ratio 8.44, 95%, confidence interval 4.64-15.37) increased risk of early-onset dementia and early-onset mild cognitive impairment, respectively. In conclusion, lower cardiovascular fitness and cognitive performance in early adulthood were associated with an increased risk of early-onset dementia and mild cognitive impairment later in life, and the greatest risks were observed for individuals with a combination of low cardiovascular fitness and low cognitive performance.
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| 2. |
- Pleijel, Håkan, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in accumulation of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) among eleven broadleaved and conifer tree species
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ecological Indicators. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-160X .- 1872-7034. ; 145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PACs (polycylic aromatic compounds) are air pollutants formed in incomplete combustion, e.g., in vehicle engines. Vegetation can potentially remove substantial amounts and act as bioindicators of these pollutants. Increased knowledge of the pollutant removal efficiencies of different tree species is essential for understanding the potential benefits trees can provide urban residents. We investigated the leaf/needle content of the two PAC groups, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, 32 compounds) and dibenzothiophenes (DBTs, 6 compounds) in seven broadleaved and four conifer tree species in an arboretum of South-West Sweden. PAHs were grouped into low-molecular (L-PAHs, largely gaseous), medium-molecular (M-PAHs, both gaseous and particle-bound) and high-molecular mass (H-PAHs, largely particle-bound) PAHs. DBTs are organosulphur compounds with two benzene rings. In general, conifer needles were stronger accumulators of PACs than leaves of broadleaved trees. Comparing three-year-old and one-year-old needles showed that evergreen conifers accumulated L-PAHs, M-PAHs, H-PAHs and DBTs over several years. In deciduous trees, L-PAHs and DBTs declined from June to September, M-PAHs had no significant net change, but for H-PAHs, there was a significant net accumulation. Conifers had a similar or lower net average annual accumulation of H-PAHs than broadleaved trees, except the deciduous conifer Larix, which had the highest uptake rate of this toxicologically important PAH category. Our results suggest that L-PAH accumulation depends on leaf/needle mass or volume, while for H-PAHs leaf/needle area is more important. This explains why conifers represented a stronger sink for L-PAHs and M-PAHs. DBT accumulation in leaves/needles was similar to that of L-PAHs. An important conclusion is that tree leaves/needles accumulate substantial amounts of PAC with strong and complex contrasts between tree species and PAC groups. Another implication of our data is that conifer needles are useful as bioindicators for PAC pollution since they accumulate all PAC categories over several years.
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| 3. |
- Posserud, Iris, 1978, et al.
(författare)
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Hypervigilance in irritable bowel syndrome compared with organic gastrointestinal disease.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of psychosomatic research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1360 .- 0022-3999. ; 66:5, s. 399-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients are suggested to selectively attend to gastrointestinal (GI) sensations compared with healthy controls. However, it remains unclear whether there are differences between IBS and other chronic GI disorders. We aimed to evaluate the presence of hypervigilance towards the GI tract in IBS compared with patients with organic GI diseases. METHODS: We included 36 IBS patients and 40 age- and gender-matched patients with organic GI disease. They completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and underwent three tests: (1) word association-write down as many words as possible representing signs of disease; (2) word recognition (tachistoscope)-four categories of words (positive affects, non-GI symptoms, GI symptoms, negative affects) displayed for increasing time until identified; (3) word recollection-memorize words (10 GI symptoms, 10 positive affects, 10 negative affects). RESULTS: The word-association task did not show group differences. IBS patients were significantly faster than organic GI patients at recognizing words representing GI symptoms (21 vs. 26 ms; P=.04) and negative affects (27 vs. 34 ms; P=.03), but also tended to be faster at recognizing positive affects (24 vs. 29 ms; P=.08) and non-GI symptoms (22 vs. 27 ms; P=.2). Both groups remembered a similar number of words, but IBS patients tended to recall more incorrect GI words than organic patients (1.3 vs. 1.0; P=.06). There were no group differences in HADS scores. CONCLUSION: Compared to patients with organic GI disease, IBS patients seem to be hypervigilant for information regarding GI sensations and maybe also negative information.
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| 4. |
- Ringström, Gisela, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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What do patients with irritable bowel syndrome know about their disorder and how do they use their knowledge?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Gastroenterology nursing : the official journal of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates. - 1538-9766. ; 32:4, s. 284-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder for which many patients experience a lack of information. By using a questionnaire, we aimed to explore how much knowledge these patients have, and what they find important to receive information and explanation about. Eighty-six subjects with IBS diagnosed in primary care and referred to a gastroenterologist completed the questionnaire before meeting the gastroenterologist. Approximately 80% had knowledge about IBS, although 55% stated that their knowledge was "just vague." According to visual analogue scale measurement, knowledge as well as satisfaction with knowledge was poor. Most patients had correct knowledge about IBS. Only 15% considered themselves to be thoroughly informed, and 24% stated that they had not received any information at all. The most important issue they wanted information about was what to do to improve symptoms. Many IBS patients seem to have correct knowledge about IBS; however, they do not consider themselves to have that knowledge, and therefore probably do not feel confident in using their knowledge. Encouraging and supporting patients with IBS could contribute to an increased ability to use their knowledge in a more appropriate way.
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| 5. |
- Språngberg, A, et al.
(författare)
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SBU. Godartad prostataförstoring med avflödeshinder. En systematisk litteraturöversikt : Godartad prostataförstoring med avflödeshinder
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Slutsatser Godartad prostataförstoring (benign prostatahyperplasi, BPH) är ett vanligt tillstånd som med stigande ålder drabbar i princip alla män. En del av dessa män får urineringsproblem och cirka 4 500 opereras varje år för en förstorad prostata. Många med lindrigare besvär behandlas med läkemedel eller behöver ingen behandling alls. Avflödeshinder kan obehandlat ge allvarlig urinretention som skadar njurarna, och en urinstämma kan vara livshotande. För att avgränsa den grupp av män där problemen med urineringen beror på en förstorad prostata används ett tiotal olika diagnostiska metoder. När det gäller behandling finns det flera olika kirurgiska metoder, varav några är väl etablerade och andra av mer experimentell karaktär. Under 1990-talet har också flera läkemedel introducerats. SBU har därför bedömt att det funnits ett behov av att göra en systematisk genomgång av den vetenskapliga grunden för dessa olika metoder. Nedan följer de viktigaste slutsatserna av arbetet.
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