| 1. |
- Wallinder, D., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of surface treatment of type 304L stainless steel on atmospheric corrosion resistance in urban and marine environments
- 2003
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Ingår i: Corrosion. - : NACE International. - 0010-9312 .- 1938-159X. ; 59:3, s. 220-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of surface treatment of Type 304L (UNS S30403) stainless steel on atmospheric corrosion resistance in urban and marine environments was investigated during 2 months and 7 months of exposure. The surface conditions investigated included as-received, pickled, abraded, and bright-annealed samples. The surfaces were investigated before the exposures, and differences in surface composition, polarization resistance, surface roughness, and wettability were observed between the various surface treatments. During the exposures, all samples decreased in weight. Under the present conditions, the as-received samples showed the best performance in the urban environment, whereas the bright-annealed samples showed the best performance in the marine environment. Different effects of surface treatments on atmospheric corrosion resistance in both environments could be explained best by the resulting differences in passive film composition.
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| 2. |
- Alinejadian, Navid, et al.
(författare)
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Progress in additive manufacturing of MoS2-based structures for energy storage applications - A review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8001 .- 1873-4081. ; 139
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investigation of next-generation manufacturing methods for the processing of functional materials and offering products with improved performance/functionalities has always been a challenge in terms of energy efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness. Additive manufacturing (AM) attributes to rapid prototyping techniques that provide new opportunities to test new concepts and design complex 3D structures from metals, ceramics, and composites. Moreover, as a well-known transition metal dichalcogenide, Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a two-dimensional (2D) material with outstanding electrochemical, physical, and mechanical properties that make it a potential candidate for energy storage electrodes via intercalation of different H+, Li+, Na+, and K+ cations. In this review, we discuss the existing conventional MoS2-processing methodologies and compare them with the novel additive manufacturing processes (especially laser-based powder bed fusion). The authors are convinced that the processing of prominent MoS2-based functional structures by the novel additive manufacturing processes can provide complex structures for different electrochemical applications, particularly for energy conversion/ storage systems.
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| 3. |
- Alinejadian, Navid, et al.
(författare)
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SLM-processed MoS2/Mo2S3 nanocomposite for energy conversion/storage applications
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Research. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MoS2-based nanocomposites have been widely processed by a variety of conventional and 3D printing techniques. In this study, selective laser melting (SLM) has for the first time successfully been employed to tune the crystallographic structure of bulk MoS2 to a 2H/1T phase and to distribute Mo2S3 nanoparticles in-situ in MoS2/Mo2S3 nanocomposites used in electrochemical energy conversion/storage systems (EECSS). The remarkable results promote further research on and elucidate the applicability of laser-based powder bed processing of 2D nanomaterials for a wide range of functional structures within, e.g., EECSS, aerospace, and possibly high-temperature solid-state EECSS even in space.
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| 4. |
- Atapour, Masoud, et al.
(författare)
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Corrosion and metal release investigations of selective laser melted 316L stainless steel in a synthetic physiological fluid containing proteins and in diluted hydrochloric acid
- 2020
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The corrosion and metal release characteristics of additively manufactured stainless steels are key factors for their applicability in biomedical applications. The effect of building direction on the microstructure, corrosion behavior and metal release of selective laser melted (SLM) AISI 316L stainless steel were therefore investigated in a protein-rich synthetic body fluid (PBS+BSA, pH 7.3) and in diluted hydrochloric acid (HCl, pH 1.5). A multi-analytical approach was applied to characterize SLM 316L surfaces printed in different building directions (denoted XY and XZ) and a post heat treated SLM surface (XZ-HT) compared with wrought surfaces. All SLM specimens revealed an austenitic microstructure without any amounts of delta-ferrite and without large-angled grain boundaries in contrast to the wrought 316L surface. The building direction strongly affected the grain size distribution due to the temperature gradients in the melt pools. The SLM 316L specimens released initially slightly less Fe, Cr and Ni compared with the wrought 316L specimen. Slightly less metal was released from the heat treated SLM specimen (XZ-HT) specimen compared to the other SLM specimens. Relatively high amounts of released Cr were observed in PBS+BSA, most probably attributed to protein-bound Cr, whereas substantially more Ni was released in HCl compared to PBS+BSA due to pitting corrosion and a reduced surface oxide thickness. The surface oxide composition of as-printed SLM specimens was strongly dependent on the building direction and the post heat treatment, whereas no differences were observed after abrasion either among the SLM specimens or compared with the wrought 316L specimen. Cr became in all cases enriched within the outermost surface oxide in PBS+BSA and strongly enriched in the HCl solution, coupled to a strongly reduced amount of released metals with time. The heat treated SLM specimen (XZ-HT) gained a superior charge transfer resistance, the lowest passive current density, and the highest OCP value among all specimens. In HCl, the SLM specimens showed a lower pitting susceptibility compared to the wrought specimens. No pitting was observed in PBS+BSA. No differences in corrosion or metal release characteristics were observed related to the building direction of abraded SLM specimens.
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| 5. |
- Atapour, Masoud, et al.
(författare)
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Corrosion of Binder Jetting Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel of Different Surface Finish
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 167:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One technique of additive manufacturing is the binder-jetting technique that has the advantages of low costs, printing at room temperature and in air, and no need of a support structure. The aim of this study was to investigate the corrosion behavior of printed 316L surfaces with and without different post surface treatments of blasting and superfinishing. Comparative studies were performed on abraded wrought 316L. Surface topography, porosity, surface oxide composition, and electrochemical characteristics, including pitting corrosion, were investigated at room temperature as a function of post surface treatments in diluted hydrochloric acid at pH 1.5. The blasting and superfinishing treatment significantly reduced the surface roughness and level of surface porosity. Blasting detrimentally affected on the pitting corrosion resistance. The superfinishing process induced an enrichment of chromium in the surface oxide and improved the pitting corrosion resistance. All surfaces revealed slightly reduced susceptibility to pit initiation and metastable pitting as compared to wrought 316L, possibly explained by the absence of inclusions. Once pitting propagation was induced, repassivation was hindered for all surfaces compared with the wrought surface. The pitting corrosion resistance of the as-superfinished 316L was improved compared with wrought 316L.
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| 6. |
- Atapour, Masoud, et al.
(författare)
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Metal release from stainless steel 316L in whey protein - And simulated milk solutions under static and stirring conditions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Food Control. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0956-7135 .- 1873-7129. ; 101, s. 163-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stainless steel is an important transport and processing contact material for bovine milk and dairy products. Release (migration) of metals, ions, complexes or wear debris/particles, and metal-induced protein aggregation in such environments are hence important to consider both from a corrosion and food safety perspective. This study aims on investigating the release of iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), and nickel (Ni) from AISI 316L stainless steel in contact with whey protein solutions relevant for protein drinks, and on how the whey proteins are influenced by stirring with a magnetic stir bar and metal release. Mechanistic insight is gained by parallel investigations of metal release from two reference non-protein containing solutions, a metal-complexing (citrate-containing) simulated milk solution (SMS) and a low complexing phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS). All immersion exposures were conducted at pH 6.8 for 0.5, 4, 24 and 48 hat room temperature at static and stirring conditions. All solutions and samples were investigated using different chemical, spectroscopic, microscopic, and electrochemical methods. Significantly higher amounts of Fe, Cr, and Ni were released into the whey protein solution (80 g/L) as compared to SMS and PBS. Strong enrichment of Cr in the surface oxide and reduction of the surface oxide thickness were associated with a higher amount of Ni release in the metal-complexing solutions (SMS and whey protein) compared with PBS. Stirring conditions resulted in higher amounts of metal release, enrichment of Cr in the surface oxide, and clear signs of wear of the 316L surface in all solutions compared to static conditions. The wear mechanism in the whey protein solution was different as compared to corresponding processes in SMS and PBS, involving an etching-like process and larger-sized wear debris. Electrochemical measurements at static conditions confirmed observed differences between the solutions, with the lowest corrosion resistance observed for coupons exposed in the whey protein solution, followed by SMS and PBS. Released metals in solution from the 316L coupons in contact with the whey protein solution resulted in enhanced rates of protein aggregation and precipitation of protein aggregates from solution. Further studies should be made to investigate other relevant test conditions and assess toxicological risks.
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| 7. |
- Atapour, Masoud, et al.
(författare)
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Stainless steel in simulated milk and whey protein solutions - Influence of grade on corrosion and metal release
- 2020
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reactions at the biointerfaces between stainless steel and protein-rich dairy products, which contain whey proteins, are important to consider in terms of food safety and material grade selection. Changes in corrosion behavior, metal release, and surface composition of austenitic (AISI 316 L), ferritic (AISI 430), and lean duplex (LDX 2101) stainless steels in simulated milk (SMS) and whey protein solution were investigated. The amount of released metals and the corrosion susceptibility increased according to 2101 < 316 L < 430. All grades revealed low corrosion rates in the whey protein solution without any sign of active/metastable corrosion. Pitting corrosion was evident for 430 in SMS. The total amount of released metals (iron, chromium, and nickel) was significantly higher in whey protein solution compared with SMS. This suggests the metal release process to be mainly governed by complexation reactions. Nickel was preferentially released compared to its bulk composition fraction for both 316 L and 2101 in the highly complexing SMS. Reduced metal release rates with time correlated with the enrichment of chromium in the surface oxide. The extent of metal release was for all metals substantially lower than release limits of metals stipulated in health regulations related to the use of alloys and metals in food-related environments.
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| 8. |
- Bahar, Babak, et al.
(författare)
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Corrosion-induced copper release from rain gutters
- 2008
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Ingår i: Metall (Berlin. 1947). - 0026-0746. ; 62:3, s. 129-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While runoff rates from copper roofs have been extensively studied during the last years, corresponding studies from copper rain gutters have been missing. A laboratory investigation has been undertaken to examine the influence of important runoff water parameters on the copper runoff from rain gutters. At a given rainfall quantity, the release rate of copper increases with decreasing runoff water intensity and decreasing degree of gutter inclination, and with increasing runoff acidity and increasing Cu2+-ion concentration in the runoff water. A comparison of the predicted long-term copper release from the gutter-system compared to the roof on a real building suggests that less than 5% of the total copper runoff originates from the gutter. However, single rain events may result in higher release rates, especially during the initial rain portion.
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| 9. |
- Bahar, B., et al.
(författare)
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The interaction between concrete pavement and corrosion-induced copper runoff from buildings
- 2008
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Ingår i: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-6369 .- 1573-2959. ; 140:1-3, s. 175-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in chemical speciation of copper and the capacity of concrete pavement to retain copper in runoff water from external buildings have been investigated at urban field conditions, and in parallel laboratory experiments simulating outdoor scenarios. The research study showed the concrete surface to form a copper rich surface layer (approximate to 50 mu m thick) upon exposure, and a high capacity to significantly reduce the bioavailable fraction of released copper (20-95%). The retention capacity of copper varied between 5 and 20% during single runoff events in the laboratory, and between 10 and 40% of the total copper release during single natural runoff events. The capacity to retain and reduce the bioavailable fraction of non-retained copper increased with increasing wetness of the concrete surfaces, increasing pH of the runoff water and decreasing flow rates. Bioassay testing with bacterial and yeast bioreporters showed the bioavailable fraction of non-retained copper to be significantly lower than the total copper concentration in the runoff water, between 22 and 40% for bacteria and between 8 and 31% for yeast. The application of generated data to simulate a fictive outdoor scenario, suggests a significant reduction of bioavailable and total copper to background values during environmental entry as a result of dilution, and the interaction with solid surfaces, organic matter and complexing agents already in the drainage system.
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| 10. |
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