| 1. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 2. |
- Bierschenk, Bernhard, et al.
(författare)
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Selbstkonfrontation über Closed Circuit Television in der Lehrerausbildung: Ergebnisse, Implikationen und Empfehlungen
- 1976
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Ingår i: Training des Lehrverhaltens und Interaktionsanalyse. ; , s. 470-524
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report contains a summarised description of the experimental design, results and implications of separately pub¬lished analyses. The aim of the investigation has been to study the effects of traditional tutoring and self-confrontation via CCTV and video-recording on student teachers' self-assessment In addition, the report contains recommenda¬tions for further research and for further analyses of already collected data.
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| 3. |
- Bruno, Raphael Romano, et al.
(författare)
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Management and outcomes in critically ill nonagenarian versus octogenarian patients
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : BMC. - 1471-2318. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients age 90 years or older represent a growing subgroup and place a huge financial burden on health care resources despite the benefit being unclear. This leads to ethical problems. The present investigation assessed the differences in outcome between nonagenarian and octogenarian ICU patients. Methods: We included 7900 acutely admitted older critically ill patients from two large, multinational studies. The primary outcome was 30-day-mortality, and the secondary outcome was ICU-mortality. Baseline characteristics consisted of frailty assessed by the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), ICU-management, and outcomes were compared between octogenarian (80-89.9 years) and nonagenarian (>= 90 years) patients. We used multilevel logistic regression to evaluate differences between octogenarians and nonagenarians. Results: The nonagenarians were 10% of the entire cohort. They experienced a higher percentage of frailty (58% vs 42%; p < 0.001), but lower SOFA scores at admission (6 +/- 5 vs. 7 +/- 6; p < 0.001). ICU-management strategies were different. Octogenarians required higher rates of organ support and nonagenarians received higher rates of life-sustaining treatment limitations (40% vs. 33%; p < 0.001). ICU mortality was comparable (27% vs. 27%; p = 0.973) but a higher 30-day-mortality (45% vs. 40%; p = 0.029) was seen in the nonagenarians. After multivariable adjustment nonagenarians had no significantly increased risk for 30-day-mortality (aOR 1.25 (95% CI 0.90-1.74; p = 0.19)). Conclusion: After adjustment for confounders, nonagenarians demonstrated no higher 30-day mortality than octogenarian patients. In this study, being age 90 years or more is no particular risk factor for an adverse outcome. This should be considered- together with illness severity and pre-existing functional capacity - to effectively guide triage decisions.
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| 4. |
- Jung, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of very old patients admitted to intensive care unit after acute versus elective surgery or intervention
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of critical care. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 52, s. 141-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We aimed to evaluate differences in outcome between patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) after elective versus acute surgery in a multinational cohort of very old patients (80 years; VIP). Predictors of mortality, with special emphasis on frailty, were assessed.Methods: In total, 5063 VIPs were induded in this analysis, 922 were admitted after elective surgery or intervention, 4141 acutely, with 402 after acute surgery. Differences were calculated using Mann-Whitney-U test and Wilcoxon test. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess associations with mortality.Results: Compared patients admitted after acute surgery, patients admitted after elective surgery suffered less often from frailty as defined as CFS (28% vs 46%; p < 0.001), evidenced lower SOFA scores (4 +/- 5 vs 7 +/- 7; p < 0.001). Presence of frailty (CFS >4) was associated with significantly increased mortality both in elective surgery patients (7% vs 12%; p = 0.01), in acute surgery (7% vs 12%; p = 0.02).Conclusions: VIPs admitted to ICU after elective surgery evidenced favorable outcome over patients after acute surgery even after correction for relevant confounders. Frailty might be used to guide clinicians in risk stratification in both patients admitted after elective and acute surgery.
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| 5. |
- Menkveld, Albert J., et al.
(författare)
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Nonstandard Errors
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF FINANCE. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-1082 .- 1540-6261. ; 79:3, s. 2339-2390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty-nonstandard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for more reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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Ultrasonic energy for cutting, coagulating, and dissecting.
- 2005
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With a new surgical instrument, a haemostatic dissecting tool driven by ultrasonic energy, different surgical procedures is described within the neck, the chest, and abdomen both for open and laparo- and thoracoscopic procedures. Also orthopedic procedures are described. I also wrote the chapter 5: Esophageal resection with the Ultracision blade and shears.
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| 8. |
- Walther, Bernhard, et al.
(författare)
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Drop deformation dynamics and gel kinetics in a co-flowing water-in-oil system
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 286:1, s. 378-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drop deformation and superimposed gel kinetics were studied in a fast continuous-flow process for a water-in-oil system. Highly monodisperse drops were generated in a double capillary and then deformed passing through a narrowing rectangular channel geometry. Nongelling deformation experiments were used to establish the process and compare it with existing theories. Thereafter, temperature induced drop gelation was included to study its effect on deformation and gel kinetics on short timescales and at high temperature gradients. The disperse phase was a ?-carrageenan solution with additional sodium and potassium ions for gelation experiments. Sunflower oil was used for the continuous phases. Nongelling experiments showed that shear forces are able to deform drops into ellipsoids. A comparison with the small deformation theory by Taylor was surprisingly good even when drop deformation and flow conditions were not in steady state. Superimposed gelation on the deformation process showed clearly the impact of the altered rheological properties of the dispersed and continuous phase. Deformation first increased on cooling the continuous phase until the onset of gel formation, where a pronounced decrease in deformation due to increasing droplet viscosity/viscoelasticity was observed. Drop deformation analyses were then used to detect differences in gelation kinetics at high cooling rate within process times as short as 1.8 s. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Walther, Bernhard, et al.
(författare)
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Flow processing and gel formation : A promising combination for the design of the shape of gelatin drops
- 2002
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Ingår i: Food Hydrocolloids. - 0268-005X .- 1873-7137. ; 16:6, s. 633-643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This investigation is a model study on how drops can be structured by a combination of flow processing and gel formation. Different drop shapes were created by subjecting gelatin drops to various flow conditions. At the same time, temperature induced gel formation of the drops fixed the shape. Elongated drops and drops of complex form were created. The flow to shape the gelatin drops was generated in a 4-Roll Mill (4RM) and silicon oil was used as the continuous phase. During processing in the 4RM, the drops were allowed to follow two different streamlines and thereby being subjected to purely elongational and a mixture of shear and elongational flow. The drop size varied between 1.5 and 2.8 mm. The gelatin drops were temperature conditioned before the experiment to 60 °C and the silicon oil to 5 °C. The drops were cooled via the cold oil phase during the flow process, and gel formation was induced. A gel strength strong enough to resist further deformation was achieved at different fixation zones in the 4RM, and this depended on the process parameters of flow type, flow rate, drop size and gelatin concentration. The shape created was directly related to the fixation zone. There was a broad freedom to combine different parameter values to fix a drop in a certain fixation zone. The mechanism behind the various drop shapes is explained in terms of elongation, relaxation, pinching and gel formation in relation to flow pattern and time in the 4RM. Elongation is a major contribution to the mechanism in the case of elongated shapes, while elongation followed by relaxation and pinching are the dominant determinants in the creation of complex shapes. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Walther, Bernhard, 1974
(författare)
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Flow processing and gel formation for producing biopolymer drops with functional shapes and diffusion properties
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on the development of novel processes which combine flow-induced drop deformation and simultaneous temperature-induced gel formation in order to create shaped biopolymer drops. The drops are functional in terms of rheology and diffusion properties, factors strongly influencing the consistency of food products and flavour or drug release. The concept of drop-shaping was developed in a discontinuous flow process in a 4-roll mill with millimetre-sized gelatine drops in high-viscous oil. A variety of gelled drop shapes were produced, such as ellipsoids, long threads, crosses, and more complex shapes. The impact of flow type, flow strength, drop size, and gel kinetics on drop-shaping was established, and the interplay between the parameters gave great freedom in combining them to achieve a specific drop shape. The mechanism behind drop-shaping was explained in terms of elongation, relaxation, and pinching. This knowledge was implemented in the development of a flow channel for fast continuous drop-shaping of micrometer-sized and highly monodisperse κ-carrageenan drops in sunflower oil. Flow obstacles could be inserted into the flow channel for shaping under different flow types. A narrow parallel shaping channel made it possible to create drops of triangular or parabolic shape by carefully varying process parameters. This process also gave the opportunity to study gel and surfactant kinetics on short time scales and at high cooling gradients which can not be achieved in ordinary equipment. Rheological measurements proved that emulsion viscosity can be increased by 20% by replacing 17% of spherical micrometer-sized κ-carrageenan drops in sunflower oil with the same amount of parabolically shaped drops of the same volume. Diffusion properties were established by correlating the self-diffusion behaviour of poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) of different molecular weights in relevant κ-carrageenan bulk gels for drop-shaping with the gel's microstructure. This was achieved by the synergistic combination of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) diffusometry. Different κ-carrageenan microstructures were produced by varying the cooling gradient and salts for gelation, since these parameters are also decisive for drop shaping. It was shown that microstructures with small voids gave highly reduced PEG self-diffusion coefficients, and that the self-diffusion coefficient was dependent on the diffusion observation time. These effects decreased with increasing void size. However, if large-scale gel heterogeneities were present, diffusion was not strongly hindered anymore. The diffusing probe resided mainly in the large openings and avoided the areas of gel networks. PEG diffusion was measured in spherical gelled κ-carrageenan drops with an average diameter of about 2.5 μm. The results were similar to those obtained in the bulk phase studies. This suggests that spheres and bulk phases have the same network structure. Many of the results here were only obtained by combining techniques that are already well established in their own right. Few have made use of this synergistic potential up till now.
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