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- Kram, Ebon, et al.
(författare)
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Prostituerade är brottsoffer
- 2011
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet, Opinion-Brännpunkt. ; 9 april
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Även om Sverige har kriminaliserat sexköparna saknar vi rätt stöd för de personer som vill lämna prostitutionen. Riksdagen bör förtydliga att alla personer som köps i prostitution är offer för sexköpsbrottet, vilket skulle ge dem rätt till skadestånd och andra former av kompensation, skriver en rad debattörer, bland andra Gudrun Schyman.
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| 3. |
- Waltman, Max
(författare)
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Appraising the Impact of Toward a Feminist Theory of the State : Consciousness-Raising, Hierarchy Theory, and Substantive Equality Laws
- 2017
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Ingår i: Law & Inequality. - 0737-089X. ; 35:2, s. 353-391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The philosophical, political, and legal impact of Catharine MacKinnon's groundbreaking work Toward a Feminist Theory of the State (1989) is discussed, specifically the merging of consciousness-raising of subordinated groups with critically informed scholarship, producing a problem-driven approach engaging in informed policy-making. As a comprehensive political theory of the relationship between male dominance and the state, one of Toward's central features was to draw from consciousness-raising as a feminist research method to further ground its approach to equality, particularly in its prescription for substantive equality laws. The article illustrates how such central concepts have influenced real changes in the world, specifically using legal challenges to pornography and prostitution as examples.Parts I and II demonstrates how Toward departed from conventional epistemologies, in part explaining its revolutionary appeal to students, practitioners, and scholars. Part III continues the analysis by using real world applications of its approach to pornography and prostitution, beginning with the anti-pornography civil rights ordinances drafted by Catharine A. MacKinnon and writer Andrea Dworkin in 1983, six years before the publication of Toward. Part III illustrates how the ordinances mobilized MacKinnon’s same cutting-edge approach to advancing women’s legal substantive equality about which she later theorized. A similar approach was instrumental in grounding a substantive equality prostitution law, proposed by MacKinnon in a public speech in Stockholm, Sweden, November 2, 1990, situating that law within her broader approach to equality. The Swedish national umbrella organization for women’s shelters, ROKS, lobbied for the law and rallied other actors to support it, precipitating its passing in Parliament in 1998, with the law taking effect in 1999. Similar laws have now been adopted by many more countries (attesting to MacKinnon’s extraordinary influence as a legal and social theorist), although not until ten years or more after Sweden’s law, which makes Sweden’s unique data availability a “revelatory case.” Part III concludes by analyzing its comparative impact in terms of reducing sexual exploitation and abuse and offering an exit for people in prostitution, thus promoting substantive equality.
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| 4. |
- Waltman, Max
(författare)
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Assessing evidence, arguments, and inequality in Bedford v. Canada
- 2014
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Ingår i: Harvard Journal of Law and Gender. - : Elsevier BV. - 0270-1456. ; 37:2, s. 459-544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Until recently, Canada criminalized anyone who lived "wholly or in part on the avails of prostitution of another person,” and anyone who kept, controlled, or knowingly permitted a “bawdy-house” for prostitution. The Supreme Court of Canada found that these laws prevented brothel management, escort agencies, bodyguards, or drivers from enhancing the safety and well-being of prostituted persons in indoor locations. This article assesses the evidence relied on by courts to strike down the laws, finding that evidence was misrepresented and misevaluated, thus did not support their decision. Empirical evidence shows that prostitution is an unequal practice of sexual and economic exploitation to which prostituted people generally lack real or acceptable alternatives. Pimps and brothel-owners in general make their situations worse, not better. The two invalidated provisions facilitate prosecution of pimps and other third party profiteers more effectively than existing trafficking laws. By invalidating these provisions, Canada will expose prostituted people to predators while protecting their exploiters. Their decisions overturn previous precedents that shielded prostituted people from abusive pimps, and violate Canada’s commitment to promote equality among historically disadvantaged people, such as those in prostitution. Charter principles of substantive equality call for retaining laws that put exploiters — pimps and brothel-owners — out of business, while invalidating any fines or criminal laws imposed on prostituted persons, measures that preclude their opportunities and exit. Civil damages actions on behalf of prostituted people and effective criminal laws against purchase of people for sex would also promote their substantive equality.
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| 8. |
- Waltman, Max
(författare)
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Demand : Pornography and men’s violence againstwomen
- 2016
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Ingår i: Pornography and prostitution. - Stockholm : Unizon. ; , s. 31-108
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Pornography is a deeply polarizing issue. Its critics raise concerns of sex inequality, sexual violence and exploitation – in other words, that pornography causes harms of discrimination, in particular against women. Its defenders invoke freedom of expression and sexual freedoms, focusing on the dangers of regulation. Differences in opinion are particularly strong if we compare men and women as groups. Opinion surveys in countries such as Sweden and the United States have long shown that at least half of all women want to see stronger regulation to limit pornography – not infrequently a “total ban.” By contrast, significantly fewer men share that view, even if around 35–40% may similarly wish to see stronger regulation.Yet the reason pornography is an important issue for women’s shelters and other organizations working to prevent and combat men’s violence against women is not primarily that it gives rise to differences in opinion between men and women. Historically, pornography has often played a part in the shelters’ work with clients; their experience shows that it acts as a catalyst and inspiration that contributes to men’s sexual aggression and negative attitudes toward women. These experiences are further corroborated today by a large number of international scholarly studies and public inquiries into pornography’s link to men’s violence against women that have been conducted in various countries since the 1970s.
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