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- Baraldi, Enrico, et al.
(författare)
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“Betting on Science or Muddling Through the Network” : Two Universities and one Innovation Commission
- 2011
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Ingår i: The IMP Journal. - Oslo. - 2059-1403 .- 0809-7259. ; 5:3, s. 172-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the mid 1990s the OECD, the EU and many national innovation policies have pointed to universities as the most important direct providers of solutions to use as sources of innovations for growth and societal welfare. Also, through their respective governments, universities are exposed to rather detailed requirements on how to fulfil the increased direct utilisation of research results. This paper takes a closer look at how two internationally recognised universities from the same country, namely Sweden, addressed the innovation commission. A case study investigates how the Karolinska Institute and Uppsala University interpreted and implemented the Swedish government’s commission on an increased utilisation of publicly funded research for innovation. The main finding is that both universities’ ways of fulfilling this commission are more directed towards ‘betting’ on potential innovations than on ‘muddling through’ the context of innovation.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Baraldi, Enrico, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the obstacles to implementing economic mechanisms to stimulate antibiotic research and development : a mulit-actor and system-level analysis
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Law & Medicine. - Boston : Boston University School of Law. - 0098-8588 .- 2375-835X. ; 42, s. 451-486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Article examines the potential stakeholder-related obstacles hindering the implementation of mechanisms to re-ignite the development of novel antibiotics. Proposed economic models and incentives to drive such development include: Public Funding of Research and Development (R&D), Tax Incentives, Milestone Prizes, End Payments, Intellectual Property (IP) and Exclusivity Extensions, Pricing and Reimbursement Incentives, Product Development Partnerships (PDPs), and the Options Market for Antibiotics model. Drawing on personal experience and understanding of the antibiotic field, as well as stakeholder consultation and numerous expert meetings within the DRIVE-AB project and Uppsala Health Summit 2015, the Authors identify obstacles attributable to the following actors: Universities and Research Institutes, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), Large Pharmaceutical Companies, Marketing Approval Regulators, Payors, Healthcare Providers, National Healthcare Authorities, Patients, and Supranational Institutions. The analysis also proposes a characterization and ranking of the difficulty associated with implementing the reviewed mechanisms. Public Funding of R&D, Pricing and Reimbursement Incentives, and PDPs are mechanisms expected to meet highly systemic barriers (i.e., obstacles across the entire antibiotic value chain), imposing greater implementation challenges in that they require convincing and involving several motivationally diverse actors in order to have much effect.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Baraldi, Enrico, et al.
(författare)
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Information Technology at IKEA: an “Open Sesame” Solution or just Another Type of Facility?
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 58:9, s. 1251-1260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information technology and such business applications as IT systems create great expectations to solve most problems a company faces. However, these expectations are seldom fulfilled. This article treats IT and IT systems simply as a facility among many other resources (products, facilities, business units and relationships) in business networks. By making use of a case study centred around Product Information Assistance (PIA), one of IKEA’s key IT systems for product information administration, the analytical part extracts a series of interactions patterns between IT facilities and the surrounding resources. Being IT systems also embedded into other resources implies that their effects seldom turn out to be as expected or simply defined by their technical potentials.
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| 6. |
- Baraldi, Enrico, 1970-
(författare)
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When Information Technology Faces Resource Interaction : Using IT Tools to Handle Products at IKEA and Edsbyn
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis investigates the interplay between IT and the other resources in business networks. IT tools are important facilities that firms utilize in several managerial tasks. Two main issues are addressed: (1) how does IT affect the surrounding resources? and (2) how does the value of IT emerge in relation to these resources? Two case studies present how the firms IKEA and Edsbyn use IT tools in handling their products (IKEA’s table Lack and Edsbyn’s table El-Bord). 130 personal interviews and many visits to several firms offered a detailed picture of the resources, information, and IT tools in twelve managerial tasks (six per product). The effects and the value of IT emerge when IT interplays with the other resources (products, facilities, business units and relationships) that embed the IT facilities. The effects of IT on resources vary greatly across the twelve managerial tasks, grouped into two categories, exploitative and explorative. In exploitative tasks (aiming at static efficiency), the effects of IT are stronger, thanks to highly relevant IT-embedded models and to highly formalized information. Conversely, IT has restricted effects in explorative tasks, because IT is unable (1) to model non-given resources, (2) to handle network-embedded information, and (3) to steer non-linear development processes. However, IT stabilizes exploration by formalizing ex ante and freezing ex post resources. As for IT’s value, there exist no perfect IT tool in relation to the conflicting resources. Even downscaled IT systems become highly proficient tools if favourably embedded by other resources. The value of IT is more evident in exploitative tasks, where IT more easily models resources and digitalizes the needed information: IT structures resources and automates activities, as required for maintaining efficiency. In explorative tasks, instead, IT is a conservative force, because it focuses on established resource combinations, while neglecting wholly new ones.
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| 7. |
- Bengtson, Anna
(författare)
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Framing Technological Development in a Concrete Context : The Use of Wood in the Swedish Construction Industry
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An understanding of the factors that condition technological development is of vital importance for business theory as well as for practitioners. The contextual setting of the development constitutes one area of inquiry into this research field. Context has often been studied as an aggregate or a market with clearly defined boundaries to the studied technology. In this thesis, however, the examined technological development is studied from a processual perspective, examining the interplay that takes place between a focal resource in the development and its context. To be able to analyse this interplay, the context has been divided into three dimensions; activity patterns, resource constellations and webs of actors, based on three central aspects of the industrial network model. A concept that describes the interaction process that takes place in each dimension has then been distinguished and used for the examination. Processes of integrating activities, of adapting resources and of positioning actors are thus analyzed in order to increase the understanding of the development. The empirical material deals with the reintroduction of multi-storey timber-frames in the Swedish construction industry. The technology for constructing tall buildings using timber for framing was forbidden after the Sundsvall fire in 1888. On 1993/94, however, there was a change in regulations, which made it possible to study what happens when two centenarians, the multi-storey timber frame technology and the Swedish construction sector, yet unknown to each other, are brought together. The study focuses especially on the first building projects in Sweden where the timber framing technology was used, a project using the established technology and a study on Nordic basis of maiden projects in Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland. The material have been collected through primary sources such as personal interviews and participation in project meetings, and through secondary sources such as research reports and articles on the timber-framing technology. It is concluded in the study is that contextual factors play a major role in shaping a technological development process and the technology that becomes established due to the difficulties and costs of acquiring knowledge about the technology, the embeddedness of the established framing-technology in the established industrial network, and due to the work efforts needed in order to reach positive economic results based on involvement in the technological development process.
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| 8. |
- Bennich-Björkman, Li, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Dags för Lemne att lämna
- 2015
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Ingår i: Upsala Nya Tidning. ; march 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 9. |
- Björvang, Carl, 1988-
(författare)
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Cracks in the Ivory Tower : Antibiotics Research and the Changes in Academia 1980-2015
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- At the same time as resistance to antibiotics became an increasingly problematic health care concern around the world, major changes occurred in the condition scientists faced when conducting university-based research. This thesis aims to study these changes as they applied to antibacterial and bacteriological research, and how they influenced the researchers’ ability to make new scientific discoveries. Especially such discoveries that could be of critical importance for addressing the resistance problems of the era.Using interviews with researchers, funding data and political documents, this thesis has been able to confirm that findings regarding the global trend of changes in academic research from previous research also applied to the bacteriological research in Sweden in the late 20th and early 21st century. These changes included increased performance pressure, administrative burden, and concentration of funding to a few large research groups as well as decreased employment security and less time for senior researchers to be directly active in the scientific work. While there were many intertwined underlying factors for these developments, most of them could be traced back to the changes in funding model for academic science. Most crucially, research funding turned from being based on employment to being based on recurring applications to funding agencies.In conclusion, the changes in academic research conditions had major impacts on the ability of researchers to make new scientific discoveries. They incentivised doing safe, low-risk research with predictable outcomes, and producing many small, insubstantial publications. There were also some positive effects, such as a decrease in the impunity of senior researchers and a limitation on their ability to rest on their laurels. However, overall, this move away from taking chances and daring to research the truly unknown is likely to have decreased the ability of researchers to utilise their talents and follow-up on chance findings, decreasing their potential for discovery-making. Instead, it is likely that these changes within academia indirectly contributed to the antibacterial resistance problem by slowing down the rate of major breakthroughs in antibacterial treatments.
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