| 1. |
- Yao, Lei, et al.
(författare)
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Atmospheric new particle formation from sulfuric acid and amines in a Chinese megacity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 361:6399, s. 278-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is an important global phenomenon that is nevertheless sensitive to ambient conditions. According to both observation and theoretical arguments, NPF usually requires a relatively high sulfuric acid (H2SO4) concentration to promote the formation of new particles and a low preexisting aerosol loading to minimize the sink of new particles. We investigated NPF in Shanghai and were able to observe both precursor vapors (H2SO4) and initial clusters at a molecular level in a megacity. High NPF rates were observed to coincide with several familiar markers suggestive of H2SO4-dimethylamine (DMA)water (H2O) nucleation, including sulfuric acid dimers and H2SO4-DMA clusters. In a cluster kinetics simulation, the observed concentration of sulfuric acid was high enough to explain the particle growth to similar to 3 nanometers under the very high condensation sink, whereas the subsequent higher growth rate beyond this size is believed to result fromthe added contribution of condensing organic species. These findings will help in understanding urban NPF and its air quality and climate effects, as well as in formulating policies to mitigate secondary particle formation in China.
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| 2. |
- Wang, Fang, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging contaminants: A One Health perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: Innovation. - 2666-6758. ; 5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary health. Despite global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants, the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the planet. In response, global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants, as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN's Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention. This review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health, emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health approach. Strategies for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed, underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international levels. Urgent actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.
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| 3. |
- Morawska, Lidia, et al.
(författare)
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The state of science on severe air pollution episodes : Quantitative and qualitative analysis
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-6750 .- 0160-4120. ; 156, s. 106732-106732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Severe episodic air pollution blankets entire cities and regions and have a profound impact on humans and their activities. We compiled daily fine particle (PM2.5) data from 100 cities in five continents, investigated the trends of number, frequency, and duration of pollution episodes, and compared these with the baseline trend in air pollution. We showed that the factors contributing to these events are complex; however, long-term measures to abate emissions from all anthropogenic sources at all times is also the most efficient way to reduce the occurrence of severe air pollution events. In the short term, accurate forecasting systems of such events based on the meteorological conditions favouring their occurrence, together with effective emergency mitigation of anthropogenic sources, may lessen their magnitude and/or duration. However, there is no clear way of preventing events caused by natural sources affected by climate change, such as wildfires and desert dust outbreaks.
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| 4. |
- Wang, Jianmin, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Study on Abstract Expression of Human-Robot Emotional Communication
- 2021
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Ingår i: Symmetry. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-8994. ; 13:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the continuous development of intelligent product interaction technology, the facial expression design of virtual images on the interactive interface of intelligent products has become an important research topic. Based on the current research on facial expression design of existing intelligent products, we symmetrically mapped the PAD (pleasure-arousal-dominance) emotion value to the image design, explored the characteristics of abstract expressions and the principles of expression design, and evaluated them experimentally. In this study, the experiment of PAD scores was conducted on the emotion expression design of abstract expressions, and the data results were analyzed to iterate the expression design. The experimental results show that PAD values can effectively guide designers in expression design. Meanwhile, the efficiency and recognition accuracy of human communication with abstract expression design can be improved by facial auxiliary elements and eyebrows.
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| 5. |
- Wang, Jianmin, et al.
(författare)
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The Situation Awareness and Usability Research of Different HUD HMI Design in Driving While Using Adaptive Cruise Control
- 2020
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Ingår i: HCI International 2020 – Late Breaking Papers: Digital Human Modeling and Ergonomics, Mobility and Intelligent Environments. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030599867 - 9783030599874 ; , s. 236-248
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Head-Up display (HUD) is increasingly applied to automobiles. However, HUD might have also shortcomings causing new driving problems. This paper investigates the effects of different Human Machine Interfaces (HMI) of HUD under ACC function on situation awareness (SA) and system usability for cut-in driving scenarios. The laboratory-based controlled experiment conducted used a driving simulator with a total of 8 participants. Each participant performed three different tasks, using three different HMIs including two HUD HMI and one baseline HMI (dashboard HMI). The results indicate that HUD display can influence the participants’ SA and system usability, and that different HUD design can have different effects. The HUD design with dynamic directivity of augmented reality brings about better SA and system usability. The research suggest that it is possible to improve the SA and system usability through improved HUD-HMI design.
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| 6. |
- You, Fang, et al.
(författare)
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Icon Design Recommendations for Central Consoles of Intelligent Vehicles
- 2020
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Ingår i: Human Interaction, Emerging Technologies and Future Applications II. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030442668 - 9783030442675 ; , s. 285-291
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advances in vehicle technology open up both opportunities and challenges for human-machine interface (HMI) design in intelligent vehicles. Design guidelines for icons in central consoles of vehicles have been discussed in human-computer interaction community, but more study and innovation are needed in icon design. In this paper, we investigated the displayed line thickness and size of icons in the intelligent vehicle’s central control screen, based on international design guidelines and standards. The experiment involved 17 participants performing simulated in-vehicle secondary task. The result from the experiments shows that the usability of icons increases and the driver’s workload decreases as the icons get larger. We also found a set of recommended values for size and line thickness of icons in this context. Future work will focus on providing design guidelines for other aspects of HMI design in intelligent vehicles.
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| 7. |
- You, Fang, et al.
(författare)
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Take-Over Requests Analysis in Conditional Automated Driving and Driver Visual Research Under Encountering Road Hazard of Highway
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advances in Human Factors and Systems Interaction. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319603650 - 9783319603667 ; , s. 230-240
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In conditional automated driving, vehicles monitor the driving environment. Simultaneously, driver can also attend to a secondary task, but also need regain driving control when vehicle requests to intervene. The collaboration of vehicle and human driver support the driving experience in this situation. From automated driving to manual driving while in highway scenario, many researchers focus on secondary task engagement, take-over time and requests. This paper evaluates human performance while regaining driving control in conditional automated driving, research investigates take-over requests under highway hazard scenario through visual scanning analysis in lane changing situation. Different obstacles cause driver visual attention mode changes and adaptations. Results show that all participants can take-over in 6 s for voice chat tasks, while in electronic reading condition, not all participants complete can take-over even in 8 s.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The landscape of somatic mutations in infant MLL-rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemias.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 47:4, s. 192-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with MLL rearrangements (MLL-R) represents a distinct leukemia with a poor prognosis. To define its mutational landscape, we performed whole-genome, exome, RNA and targeted DNA sequencing on 65 infants (47 MLL-R and 18 non-MLL-R cases) and 20 older children (MLL-R cases) with leukemia. Our data show that infant MLL-R ALL has one of the lowest frequencies of somatic mutations of any sequenced cancer, with the predominant leukemic clone carrying a mean of 1.3 non-silent mutations. Despite this paucity of mutations, we detected activating mutations in kinase-PI3K-RAS signaling pathway components in 47% of cases. Surprisingly, these mutations were often subclonal and were frequently lost at relapse. In contrast to infant cases, MLL-R leukemia in older children had more somatic mutations (mean of 6.5 mutations/case versus 1.3 mutations/case, P = 7.15 × 10(-5)) and had frequent mutations (45%) in epigenetic regulators, a category of genes that, with the exception of MLL, was rarely mutated in infant MLL-R ALL.
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| 9. |
- Bai, Ru, et al.
(författare)
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The NF-κB-modulated miR-19a-3p enhances malignancy of human ovarian cancer cells through inhibition of IGFBP-3 expression
- 2019
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Ingår i: Molecular Carcinogenesis. - : Wiley. - 0899-1987 .- 1098-2744. ; 58:12, s. 2254-2265
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy due to the lack of symptoms until advanced stages, and new diagnosis and treatment strategy is in urgent need. In this study, we found higher expression of miR-19a-3p in ovarian cancer tissues compared with that in the adjacent normal tissues. By chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analysis, we showed that nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) binds to the promoter of miR-19a-3p, leading to reduced expression in ovarian cancer cells. Further study indicated that miR-19a-3p inhibits the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), resulting in enhanced growth and migration of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. These results showed that miR-19a-3p enhances the oncogenesis of ovarian cancer through inhibition of IGFBP-3 expression, and which can be inhibited by NF-κB, suggesting an NF-κB/miR-19a-3p/IGFBP-3 pathway in the oncogenesis of ovarian cancer, which expands our understanding of ovarian cancer and they may contribute to the development of new diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.
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| 10. |
- Chen, Bing, et al.
(författare)
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Reconciling modeling with observations of radiative absorption of black carbon aerosols
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres. - 2169-897X .- 2169-8996. ; 122:11, s. 5932-5942
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The physical treatment of internal mixing and aging of black carbon (BC) aerosols that allow for enhanced solar absorption of the BC is an important parameterization in climate models. Many climate models predict a factor of 2-3 lower aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) than the atmospheric columnar absorption observed from ground-based networks such as AERONET, likely because these models do not parameterize properly the BC absorption enhancement (E-MAC). Models that are configured with an internal mixing have predicted large variations of E-MAC, which are poorly constrained from ambient measurements. We determined the BC E-MAC from aerosol coatings with a two-step solvent experiment to remove both organic and inorganic coatings in ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Observations in a rural North China site showed that the E-MAC varied from 1.4 to 3. The E-MAC increases simultaneously with SO42-/EC ratios, suggesting the photochemical production of sulfate coatings enhanced BC absorption. A global climate model, parameterized to account for these observational constraints, verifies that sulfates are primary drivers of the BC absorption enhancement in severely polluted area in China. This magnification of the radiative forcing of coated BC is stronger by a factor of similar to 2 than predicted by the standard parameterization (external mixing) in the climate model and is in better agreement with AERONET observations of AAOD. This result would be useful for testing the representation of solar absorption by BC-containing particles in the newer generation of climate models. Plain Language Summary Atmospheric black carbon (BC) or soot in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is emitted from incomplete combustion of fossil fuel or biomass/biofuel. The BC is an important pollutant for both air quality and Earth's energy balance, and the BC radiative forcing maybe second only to that of CO2. The photochemical production of nonabsorbing secondary aerosols may create a coating on BC and may thereby act as a lens which may enhance the light absorption. However, this absorption enhancement is poorly constrained by ambient measurements, and thus the estimates of BC climate forcing remain highly uncertain. To this end, an aerosol filter dissolution-filtration (AFD) with two-step solvent dissolution protocol was employed to remove both organic and inorganic coatings and then investigate their effects on BC light absorption. The observations and model simulation showed that the BC warming effect likely doubled due to lens effect from secondary aerosols.
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