| 1. |
- Weinstein, John N., et al.
(författare)
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The cancer genome atlas pan-cancer analysis project
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 45:10, s. 1113-1120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network has profiled and analyzed large numbers of human tumors to discover molecular aberrations at the DNA, RNA, protein and epigenetic levels. The resulting rich data provide a major opportunity to develop an integrated picture of commonalities, differences and emergent themes across tumor lineages. The Pan-Cancer initiative compares the first 12 tumor types profiled by TCGA. Analysis of the molecular aberrations and their functional roles across tumor types will teach us how to extend therapies effective in one cancer type to others with a similar genomic profile. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Alexander, John H., et al.
(författare)
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Documentation of study medication dispensing in a prospective large randomized clinical trial : Experiences from the ARISTOTLE Trial
- 2013
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Ingår i: American Heart Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-8703 .- 1097-6744. ; 166:3, s. 559-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background In ARISTOTLE, apixaban resulted in a 21% reduction in stroke, a 31% reduction in major bleeding, and an 11% reduction in death. However, approval of apixaban was delayed to investigate a statement in the clinical study report that "7.3% of subjects in the apixaban group and 1.2% of subjects in the warfarin group received, at some point during the study, a container of the wrong type." Methods Rates of study medication dispensing error were characterized through reviews of study medication container tear-off labels in 6,520 participants from randomly selected study sites. The potential effect of dispensing errors on study outcomes was statistically simulated in sensitivity analyses in the overall population. Results The rate of medication dispensing error resulting in treatment error was 0.04%. Rates of participants receiving at least 1 incorrect container were 1.04% (34/3,273) in the apixaban group and 0.77% (25/3,247) in the warfarin group. Most of the originally reported errors were data entry errors in which the correct medication container was dispensed but the wrong container number was entered into the case report form. Sensitivity simulations in the overall trial population showed no meaningful effect of medication dispensing error on the main efficacy and safety outcomes. Conclusions Rates of medication dispensing error were low and balanced between treatment groups. The initially reported dispensing error rate was the result of data recording and data management errors and not true medication dispensing errors. These analyses confirm the previously reported results of ARISTOTLE.
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| 3. |
- Chen, Junyuan, et al.
(författare)
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Early Cambrian Yangtze Plate Maotianshan Shale macrofauna biodiversity and the evolution of predation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-0182 .- 1872-616X. ; 254:1-2, s. 250-272
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The large number of soft-part preserved fossils from the Lower Cambrian Maotianshan Shale (Chengjiang) Lagerstätten suggests particularly favourable conditions for a rich life on the shelf-zone sea bottom of the Yangtze Plate, China. This high degree of biodiversity opens an excellent window into the early radiation phase of Metazoa and represents a significant data source for the study of adaptive strategies among early animals. Feeding and locomotion are the main life strategies of organisms we investigated with regard to two major benthic macrofaunal components of the Maotianshan Shale biota, the nemathelminths and the arthropods. Our attempt was to test whether food, feeding and locomotory strategies of the benthic Lower Cambrian shallow-water communities were as diversified as it appears from the morphological diversity of the organisms present. Two major types of feeders can be discerned: suspension/micro-particle feeders – mostly epibenthic sedentary taxa – and larger-particle feeders, living in benthic to bentho-pelagic realms. Scant evidence exists for exclusive vegetarians, fungi eaters, biomat utilizers and for in-faunal vertical burrowers or grazers (bioturbators). Predation, in a wider sense, seems to be a, if not the, major feeding mode among metazoans. Nemathelminths and arthropods are amongst the best examples. In the benthic shallow-water regime, as exposed by the Maotianshan Shale biota, animals and their ontogenetic stages were the most suitable and readily available food source. At least for arthropods, we propose that improvement of predatory strategies was paralleled by the enhancement of locomotory and food manipulation structures. Accumulating evidence of late Precambrian to Early Cambrian metazoans exposing diverse morphologies and life styles indicates that, on the large scale, phylogenesis progressed gradually in the Late Precambrian. This renders an “explosive” radiation of Metazoa unlikely.
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| 4. |
- Guimarães, Patrícia O, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Apixaban on All-Cause Death in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation : a Meta-Analysis Based on Imputed Placebo Effect
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0920-3206 .- 1573-7241. ; 31:3, s. 295-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are the standard of care for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF); therefore, there is not equipoise when comparing newer oral anticoagulants with placebo in this setting.METHODS: To explore the effect of apixaban on mortality in patients with AF, we performed a meta-analysis of apixaban versus placebo using a putative placebo analysis based on randomized controlled clinical trials that compared warfarin, aspirin, and no antithrombotic control. We used data from two prospective randomized controlled trials for our comparison of apixaban versus warfarin (Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation) and apixaban versus aspirin (Apixaban Versus Acetylsalicylic Acid to Prevent Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Who Have Failed or Are Unsuitable for Vitamin K Antagonist Treatment). Using meta-analysis approaches, we indirectly compared apixaban with an imputed placebo with respect to the risk of death in patients with AF. We used results from meta-analyses of randomized trials as our reference for the comparison between warfarin and placebo/no treatment, and aspirin and placebo/no treatment.RESULTS: In these meta-analyses, a lower rate of death was seen both with warfarin (odds ratio [OR] 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57-0.97) and aspirin (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.69-1.07) versus placebo/no treatment. Using data from ARISTOTLE and AVERROES, apixaban reduced the risk of death by 34% (95% CI 12-50%; p = 0.004) and 33% (95% CI 6-52%; p = 0.02), respectively, when compared with an imputed placebo. The pooled reduction in all-cause death with apixaban compared with an imputed placebo was 34% (95% CI 18-47%; p = 0.0002).CONCLUSIONS: In patients with AF, indirect comparisons suggest that apixaban reduces all-cause death by approximately one third compared with an imputed placebo.
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