| 1. |
- Liu, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Household renovation before and during pregnancy in relation to preterm birth and low birthweight in China
- 2019
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Ingår i: Indoor Air. - : WILEY. - 0905-6947 .- 1600-0668. ; 29:2, s. 202-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From October 2010 to April 2012, we conducted a cross-sectional study of associations between household environments and childhood health among preschool children in eight Chinese cities. Here, we analyze associations of early household renovation with preterm birth (PTB), low birthweight (LBW), term low birthweight (Term-LBW), and small for gestational age (SGA). Parents responded to questions about household renovation and their children's gestational age and birthweight. In the multivariate logistic regression analyses, household renovation in the year before pregnancy was significantly associated with LBW (sample size: N = 25 813; adjusted odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.23, 1.01-1.50) and Term-LBW (N = 24 823; 1.29, 1.01-1.67). Household renovation during pregnancy was significantly associated with PTB (N = 25 202; 1.28, 1.01-1.69). These significant associations were also found in the two-level (city-child) logistic regression analyses and in the sensitivity analyses among 21 009 children with complete data in all studied variates. Stronger associations were found in certain subgroups. Our findings indicate that household renovation within one year before pregnancy might be a risk factor for LBW and Term-LBW, while household renovation during pregnancy could be a risk factor for PTB.
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| 2. |
- Guo, Lifang, et al.
(författare)
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Improving the compatibility, surface strength, and dimensional stability of cellulosic fibers using glycidyl methacrylate grafting
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science. - : Springer. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 55:27, s. 12906-12920
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The graft copolymerization of lignocellulosic fibers with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) using a Fe2+-thiourea dioxide-H(2)O(2)redox system (Fe2+-TD-H2O2) was studied to overcome the problems of poor compatibility and low surface strength when cellulosic fibers are composited with synthetic polymers. The results show that cellulose-poly(GMA) (CPGMA) was successfully synthesized from GMA and bleachedEucalyptuscellulosic fibers by Fe2+-TD-H(2)O(2)in a mild aqueous solution. CPGMA had high graft rate (244%), high content of epoxy group, and high stability in water. X-ray diffraction patterns and(13)C cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectra analyses showed that graft copolymerization did not change the crystalline structure of the CPGMA fiber backbone cellulose, but the crystallinity of the CPGMA fiber decreased with an increase in amorphous PGMA grafting. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the grafting reaction occurred both inside and outside the fiber. The specific surface area and pore diameter of the grafted fibers were significantly affected by the grafting. The hydrophobicity of the fibers was significantly enhanced by graft copolymerization. PGMA grafting can enhance the compatibility between the modified fiber and synthetic polymer matrix, improving the processing runnability and product properties of composite materials. A high intensity focused ultrasound method was used to analyze the fiber surface strength. It was confirmed that graft copolymerization significantly improved the surface strength of the grafted fibers. Graft copolymerization can significantly improve the dimensional stability of cellulosic fibers.
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| 3. |
- Jang, Seon-Kyeong, et al.
(författare)
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Rare genetic variants explain missing heritability in smoking.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature human behaviour. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3374. ; 6:11, s. 1577-1586
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Common genetic variants explain less variation in complex phenotypes than inferred from family-based studies, and there is a debate on the source of this 'missing heritability'. We investigated the contribution of rare genetic variants to tobacco use with whole-genome sequences from up to 26,257 unrelated individuals of European ancestries and 11,743 individuals of African ancestries. Across four smoking traits, single-nucleotide-polymorphism-based heritability ([Formula: see text]) was estimated from 0.13 to 0.28 (s.e., 0.10-0.13) in European ancestries, with 35-74% of it attributable to rare variants with minor allele frequencies between 0.01% and 1%. These heritability estimates are 1.5-4 times higher than past estimates based on common variants alone and accounted for 60% to 100% of our pedigree-based estimates of narrow-sense heritability ([Formula: see text], 0.18-0.34). In the African ancestry samples, [Formula: see text] was estimated from 0.03 to 0.33 (s.e., 0.09-0.14) across the four smoking traits. These results suggest that rare variants are important contributors to the heritability of smoking.
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| 4. |
- Liu, Rui, et al.
(författare)
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How should water resources be allocated for shale gas development? : An exploratory study in China
- 2022
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production and Consumption. - : Elsevier. - 2352-5509. ; 30, s. 1001-1018
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water scarcity has emerged as one of the most important global challenges of the twenty-first century. With rising demand for energy, and water being a critical input in energy production, the availability of water resources has put energy sustainable production under growing strain. While unconventional natural gas (especially shale gas) is seen as an important bridge for promoting the transition of energy system from high to low carbon, water availability is a significant constraint on the development of energy resources owing to the massive quantity of water used by the hydraulic fracturing. Against this background, our study aims to optimize the allocation of regionally scarce water resources for fostering integrated economic, social, and environmental growth in shale gas development plays. In light of the uncertainty inherent in the water supply management system for shale gas development, this work employed the Interval Two-stage Stochastic Programming (ITSP) to establish an optimal allocation model for water resources between wells jointly dispatched by surface water, underground water and reused water. The model predicted water scarcity, optimal water allocation, and the total benefit of the shale gas development water supply system under various scenarios. Furthermore, when compared to the Twostage Stochastic Programming (TSP) model results, it was found that the ITSP model's interval value may present decision makers with more ideas and options than the TSP model. In addition, since the ITSP model is oblivious to the system risk issue, it incorporated robust optimization into the original ITSP model to build the Interval Two-stage Robust Stochastic Programming (ITRSP) model. Our findings were expressed as intervals that more accurately represent the actual optimal allocation of water resources, which also provided a broader decision-making space for decision makers in managing shale gas development water supply management schemes. (c) 2022 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Xia, Xiaoyan, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of a two-stage intervention package on the cesarean section rate in Guangzhou, China: A before-and-after study.
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLoS medicine. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1549-1676. ; 16:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cesarean section (CS) rate has risen globally during the last two decades. Effective and feasible strategies are needed to reduce it. The aim of this study was to assess the CS rate change after a two-stage intervention package that was designed to reduce the overall CS rate in Guangzhou, China.This intervention package was implemented by the Health Commission of Guangzhou Municipality in 2 stages (October 2010-September 2014 and October 2014-December 2016) and included programs for population health education, skills training for healthcare professionals, equipment and technical support for local healthcare facilities, and capacity building for the maternal near-miss care system. A retrospective repeated cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate influences of the intervention on CS rates. A pre-intervention period from January 2008 to September 2010 served as the baseline. The primary outcome was the CS rate, and the secondary outcomes included maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and perinatal mortality rate (PMR), all obtained from the Guangzhou Perinatal Health Care and Delivery Surveillance System (GPHCDSS). The Cochran-Armitage test was used to examine the trends of the overall CS rate, MMR, and PMR across different stages. Segmented linear regression analysis was used to assess the change of the CS rate over the intervention period. A total of 1,921,932 records of births and 108 monthly CS rates from 2008 to 2016 were analyzed. The monthly CS rate declined across the intervention stages (Z = 75.067, p < 0.001), with an average rate of 42.4% at baseline, 39.8% at Stage 1, and 35.0% at Stage 2. The CS rate declined substantially among nulliparous women who delivered term singletons, with an accelerating decreasing trend observed across Stage 1 and Stage 2 (the difference in slopes: -0.09 [95% CI -0.16 to -0.02] between Stage 1 and baseline, p = 0.014; -0.11 [95% CI -0.20 to -0.02] between Stage 1 and Stage 2, p = 0.017). The CS rate in the remaining population increased during baseline and Stage 1 and subsequently decreased during Stage 2. The sensitivity analysis suggested no immediate impact of the universal two-child policy on the trend of the CS rate. The MMR (Z = -4.368, p < 0.001) and PMR (Z = -13.142, p < 0.001) declined by stage over the intervention period. One of the main limitations of the study is the lack of a parallel control group. Moreover, the influence of temporal changes in the study population on the CS rate was unknown. Given the observational nature of the present study, causality cannot be confirmed.Apparent decline in the overall CS rate was observed in Guangzhou, China, after the implementation of a two-stage intervention package. The decline was most evident among nulliparous women who delivered term singletons. Despite some limitations for causal inference, Guangzhou's experience in controlling the CS rate by implementing composite interventions with public health education and perinatal healthcare service improvement could have implications for other similar areas with high rates of CS.
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| 6. |
- Yang, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Dissolution dynamics of NaCl nanocrystal in liquid water
- 2005
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Ingår i: PHYSICAL REVIEW E. ; 72:1, s. 012602-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dissolution dynamics of a NaCl nanocrystal in liquid water was studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The dissolution process was found to start with a Cl- ion at a corner site, followed by a Na+ ion nearby. Both show directional preference in the dissolution path. An ion sequence with alternating charge, i.e., Cl-, Na+, Cl-, Na+, etc. was found to dominate the dissolution process. This image can be understood from the ionic hydration structures and the Coulomb interaction between the ions.
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| 7. |
- Yu, Guimei, et al.
(författare)
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Structure of Arabidopsis SOQ1 lumenal region unveils C-terminal domain essential for negative regulation of photoprotective qH
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Plants. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2055-0278. ; 8:7, s. 840-855
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) plays an important role for phototrophs in decreasing photo-oxidative damage. qH is a sustained form of NPQ and depends on the plastid lipocalin (LCNP). A thylakoid membrane-anchored protein SUPPRESSOR OF QUENCHING1 (SOQ1) prevents qH formation by inhibiting LCNP. SOQ1 suppresses qH with its lumen-located thioredoxin (Trx)-like and NHL domains. Here we report structural data, genetic modification and biochemical characterization of Arabidopsis SOQ1 lumenal domains. Our results show that the Trx-like and NHL domains are associated together, with the cysteine motif located at their interface. Residue E859, required for SOQ1 function, is pivotal for maintaining the Trx–NHL association. Importantly, the C-terminal region of SOQ1 forms an independent β-stranded domain that has structural homology to the N-terminal domain of bacterial disulfide bond protein D and is essential for negative regulation of qH. Furthermore, SOQ1 is susceptible to cleavage at the loops connecting the neighbouring lumenal domains both in vitro and in vivo, which could be a regulatory process for its suppression function of qH.
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| 8. |
- Yu, Guimei, et al.
(författare)
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Structure of SOQ1 lumenal domains identifies potential disulfide exchange for negative regulation of photoprotection, qH
- 2024
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) plays an important role for phototrophs in decreasing photo-oxidative damage. qH is a sustained component of NPQ and depends on the plastid lipocalin (LCNP). A thylakoid membrane-anchored protein SUPPRESSOR OF QUENCHING1 (SOQ1) prevents qH formation by inhibiting LCNP. SOQ1 suppresses qH with its lumen-located C-terminal Trx-like and NHL domains. Here we report crystal structures and biochemical characterization of SOQ1 lumenal domains. Our results show that the Trx-like and NHL domains are stably associated, with the potential redox-active motif located at their interface. Residue E859 essential for SOQ1 function is pivotal for mediating the inter-domain interaction. Moreover, the C-terminal region of SOQ1 forms an independent β-stranded domain, which possibly interacts with the Trx-like domain through disulfide exchange. Furthermore, SOQ1 is susceptible to cleavage at the loops connecting the neighboring domains both in vitro and in vivo, which could be a regulatory process for its suppression function of qH.
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