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| 2. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 3. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 4. |
- Aad, G, et al.
(författare)
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- 2015
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 5. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Visual Object Tracking VOT2015 challenge results
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops ICCVW 2015. - : IEEE. - 9780769557205 ; , s. 564-586
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge 2015, VOT2015, aims at comparing short-term single-object visual trackers that do not apply pre-learned models of object appearance. Results of 62 trackers are presented. The number of tested trackers makes VOT 2015 the largest benchmark on short-term tracking to date. For each participating tracker, a short description is provided in the appendix. Features of the VOT2015 challenge that go beyond its VOT2014 predecessor are: (i) a new VOT2015 dataset twice as large as in VOT2014 with full annotation of targets by rotated bounding boxes and per-frame attribute, (ii) extensions of the VOT2014 evaluation methodology by introduction of a new performance measure. The dataset, the evaluation kit as well as the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 6. |
- Wang, Ying, et al.
(författare)
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Asymmetric oxidation of sulfides with H2O2 catalyzed by titanium complexes of Schiff bases bearing a dicumenyl salicylidenyl unit
- 2011
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Ingår i: Applied organometallic chemistry. - : Wiley. - 0268-2605 .- 1099-0739. ; 25:5, s. 325-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sterically hindered Schiff bases (L-3-L-5), prepared from 3,5-dicumenyl salicylaldehyde and chiral amino alcohols, were used in combination with Ti(OiPr)(4) for asymmetric oxidation of aryl methyl sulfides with H2O2 as terminal oxidant. Among the ligands L-3-L-5, L-4 with a tert-butyl group in the chiral carbon of the amino alcohol moiety gave the best result with 89% yield and 73% ee for the sulfoxidation of thioanisole under optimal conditions [with 1 mol% of Ti(OiPr)(4) in a molar ratio of 100 : 1 : 1.2 : 120 for sulfide : Ti(OiPr)(4) : ligand : H2O2 in CH2Cl2 at 0 degrees C for 3 h]. The reaction afforded good yield (84%) with a moderate enantioselectivity (62% ee) even with a lower catalyst loading from 1.0 to 0.5 mol%. The oxidations of methyl 4-bromophenyl sulfide and methyl 4-methoxyphenyl sulfide with H2O2 catalyzed by the Ti(OiPr)(4)-L-4 system gave 79-84% yieldsand54-59% ee of the corresponding sulfoxides in CH2Cl2 at 20 degrees C. The chiral induction capability of the cumenyl-modified sterically hindered Schiff bases for sulfoxidation was compared with the conventional Schiff bases bearing tert-butyl groups at the 3,5-positions of the salicylidenyl unit.
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| 7. |
- Wang, Ying, et al.
(författare)
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Highly enantioselective sulfoxidation with vanadium catalysts of Schiff bases derived from bromo- and iodo-functionalized hydroxynaphthaldehydes
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Catalysis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9517 .- 1090-2694. ; 273:2, s. 177-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two series of chiral Schiff bases, 4a-e and 5a-e, prepared from the condensation of the mono-, di-, trib-romohydroxynaphthaldehyde or monoiodohydroxynaphthaldehyde with chiral amino alcohols, were used in combination with VO(acac)(2) for the asymmetric oxidation of aryl methyl sulfides using H2O2 as terminal oxidant. Among these Schiff bases, dibromo-functionalized 4d and iodo-functionalized 5e gave high yields (91-93%) with good enantioselectivities (80-82% ee) for the oxidation of thioanisole in dichloromethane. The asymmetric oxidation of thioanisole in toluene using these Schiff bases gave methyl phenyl sulfoxide in satisfactory isolated yields (48-62%) with high enantioselectivities (91-94% ee), which were further improved by a modified procedure with the ee value up to 98% in 62% yield. The oxidations of other aryl methyl sulfides in toluene with dibromo- and iodo-functionalized Schiff bases 5d and 5e as ligands using the modified procedure afforded the corresponding sulfoxides in 55-67% isolated yields with 95-99% ee. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(författare)
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- 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Jin, Ying-Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19 : An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Military Medical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2054-9369. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)"; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
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