| 1. |
- Li, Jiyun, et al.
(författare)
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Inter-host Transmission of Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli among Humans and Backyard Animals
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 127:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The rapidly increasing dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in both humans and animals poses a global threat to public health. However, the transmission of CRE between humans and animals has not yet been well studied.OBJECTIVES: We investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and drivers of CRE transmission between humans and their backyard animals in rural China.METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive sampling strategy in 12 villages in Shandong, China. Using the household [residents and their backyard animals (farm and companion animals)] as a single surveillance unit, we assessed the prevalence of CRE at the household level and examined the factors associated with CRE carriage through a detailed questionnaire. Genetic relationships among human- and animal-derived CRE were assessed using whole-genome sequencing-based molecular methods.RESULTS: A total of 88 New Delhi metallo beta lactamasesmetallo-β-lactamases–type carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (NDM-EC), including 17 from humans, 44 from pigs, 12 from chickens, 1 from cattle, and 2 from dogs, were isolated from 65 of the 746 households examined. The remaining 12 NDM-EC were from flies in the immediate backyard environment. The NDM-EC colonization in households was significantly associated with a) the number of species of backyard animals raised/kept in the same household, and b) the use of human and/or animal feces as fertilizer. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) revealed that a large proportion of the core genomes of the NDM-EC belonged to strains from hosts other than their own, and several human isolates shared closely related core single-nucleotide polymorphisms and bla sub NDMblaNDM genetic contexts with isolates from backyard animals.CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, we are the first to report evidence of direct transmission of NDM-EC between humans and animals. Given the rise of NDM-EC in community and hospital infections, combating NDM-EC transmission in backyard farm systems is needed. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5251.
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| 2. |
- Hu, Shaolin, et al.
(författare)
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Outlier-Tolerant Fitting and Online Diagnosis of Outliers in Dynamic Process Sampling Data Series
- 2011
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Ingår i: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE, PT III. - Berlin, Heidelberg : SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN. - 9783642238956 - 9783642238963 ; , s. 195-203
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Outliers as well as outlier patches, which widely emerge in dynamic process sampling data series, have strong bad influence on signal processing. In this paper, a series of recursive outlier-tolerant fitting algorithms are built to fit reliably the trajectories of a non-stationary sampling process when there are some outliers arising from output components of the process. Based on the recursive outlier-tolerant fitting algorithms stated above, a series of practical programs are given to online detect outliers in dynamic process and to identify magnitudes of these outliers as well as outlier patches. Simulation results show that these new methods are efficient.
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| 3. |
- Shaolin, Hu, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation-Based Boundary Testing of Software with Its Applications
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2016 6th International Conference on Advanced Design and Manufacturing Engineering (ICADME 2016). - : ATLANTIS PRESS. - 9789462522497 ; , s. 741-744
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To test the boundary values of input variables is very useful but difficult when designing and debugging a software system for scientific computations. In this paper, the model-based method and the simulation-based method are integrated to form a practical approach to deal with this troublesome problem of boundary testing. After selectively building a model library, the testing algorithms are designed in detail are used in designing and evaluating the systems for exterior tracking and post processing of measurement data.
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| 4. |
- Tan, Shaolin, et al.
(författare)
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Distributed Population Dynamics for Searching Generalized Nash Equilibria of Population Games With Graphical Strategy Interactions
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics. Systems. - : IEEE. - 2168-2216 .- 2168-2232. ; 52:5, s. 3263-3272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evolutionary games and population dynamics are finding increasing applications in design learning and control protocols for a variety of resource allocation problems. The implicit requirement for full communication has been the main limitation of the evolutionary game dynamic approach in engineering tasks with various information constraints. This article intends to build population games and dynamics with both static and dynamical graphical communication structures. To this end, we formulate a population game model with graphical strategy interactions and derive its corresponding population dynamics. In particular, we first introduce the concept of generalized Nash equilibria for population games with graphical strategy interactions, and establish the equivalence between the set of generalized Nash equilibria and the set of rest points of its distributed population dynamics. Furthermore, the conditions for convergence to generalized Nash equilibrium and particularly to Nash equilibrium are obtained for the distributed population dynamics with both static and dynamical graphical structures. These results provide a new approach to design distributed Nash equilibrium seeking algorithms for population games with both static and dynamical communication networks, and hence, expand the applicability of the population game dynamics in the design of learning and control protocols under distributed circumstances.
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| 5. |
- Wang, Qin, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic susceptibility to diabetic kidney disease is linked to promoter variants of XOR
- 2023
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Ingår i: NATURE METABOLISM. - 2522-5812. ; 5, s. 607-625
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lifetime risk of kidney disease in people with diabetes is 10-30%, implicating genetic predisposition in the cause of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Here we identify an expression quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in the cis-acting regulatory region of the xanthine dehydrogenase, or xanthine oxidoreductase (Xor), a binding site for C/EBP beta, to be associated with diabetes-induced podocyte loss in DKD in male mice. We examine mouse inbred strains that are susceptible (DBA/2J) and resistant (C57BL/6J) to DKD, as well as a panel of recombinant inbred BXD mice, to map QTLs. We also uncover promoter XOR orthologue variants in humans associated with high risk of DKD. We introduced the risk variant into the 5 '-regulatory region of XOR in DKD-resistant mice, which resulted in increased Xor activity associated with podocyte depletion, albuminuria, oxidative stress and damage restricted to the glomerular endothelium, which increase further with type 1 diabetes, high-fat diet and ageing. Therefore, differential regulation of Xor contributes to phenotypic consequences with diabetes and ageing. Wang et al. identify a promoter variant in xanthine oxidoreductase associated with diabetic kidney disease through increased podocyte depletion and glomerular injury.
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