| 1. |
- Yang, Hanmin, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Distributed electrified heating for efficient hydrogen production
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Research. - 2041-1723. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study introduces a distributed electrified heating approach that is able to innovate chemical engineering involving endothermic reactions. It enables rapid and uniform heating of gaseous reactants, facilitating efficient conversion and high product selectivity at specific equilibrium. Demonstrated in catalyst-free CH4 pyrolysis, this approach achieves stable production of H2 (530 g h−1 L reactor−1) and carbon nanotube/fibers through 100% conversion of high-throughput CH4 at 1150 °C, surpassing the results obtained from many complex metal catalysts and high-temperature technologies. Additionally, in catalytic CH4 dry reforming, the distributed electrified heating using metallic monolith with unmodified Ni/MgO catalyst washcoat showcased excellent CH4 and CO2 conversion rates, and syngas production capacity. This innovative heating approach eliminates the need for elongated reactor tubes and external furnaces, promising an energy-concentrated and ultra-compact reactor design significantly smaller than traditional industrial systems, marking a significant advance towards more sustainable and efficient chemical engineering society.
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| 2. |
- Yang, Hanmin, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Distributed electrified heating for efficient hydrogen production
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Research. - 2041-1723. ; 15
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study introduces a distributed electrified heating approach that is able to innovate chemical engineering involving endothermic reactions. It enables rapid and uniform heating of gaseous reactants, facilitating efficient conversion and high product selectivity at specific equilibrium. Demonstrated in catalyst-free CH4 pyrolysis, this approach achieves stable production of H2 (530 g h−1 L reactor−1) and carbon nanotube/fibers through 100% conversion of high-throughput CH4 at 1150 °C, surpassing the results obtained from many complex metal catalysts and high-temperature technologies. Additionally, in catalytic CH4 dry reforming, the distributed electrified heating using metallic monolith with unmodified Ni/MgO catalyst washcoat showcased excellent CH4 and CO2 conversion rates, and syngas production capacity. This innovative heating approach eliminates the need for elongated reactor tubes and external furnaces, promising an energy-concentrated and ultra-compact reactor design significantly smaller than traditional industrial systems, marking a significant advance towards more sustainable and efficient chemical engineering society.
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| 3. |
- Wang, Shule, et al.
(författare)
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Van Krevelen diagrams based on machine learning visualize feedstock-product relationships in thermal conversion processes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Communications Chemistry. - : Springer Nature. - 2399-3669. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Feedstock properties play a crucial role in thermal conversion processes, where understanding the influence of these properties on treatment performance is essential for optimizing both feedstock selection and the overall process. In this study, a series of van Krevelen diagrams were generated to illustrate the impact of H/C and O/C ratios of feedstock on the products obtained from six commonly used thermal conversion techniques: torrefaction, hydrothermal carbonization, hydrothermal liquefaction, hydrothermal gasification, pyrolysis, and gasification. Machine learning methods were employed, utilizing data, methods, and results from corresponding studies in this field. Furthermore, the reliability of the constructed van Krevelen diagrams was analyzed to assess their dependability. The van Krevelen diagrams developed in this work systematically provide visual representations of the relationships between feedstock and products in thermal conversion processes, thereby aiding in optimizing the selection of feedstock and the choice of thermal conversion technique.
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| 4. |
- Gulshan, Samina, et al.
(författare)
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Kinetic investigation on the catalytic pyrolysis of plastic fractions of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) : A mathematical deconvolution approach
- 2024
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 187, s. 156-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has become a critical environmental problem. Catalytic pyrolysis is an ideal technique to treat and convert the plastic fraction of WEEE into chemicals and fuels. Unfortunately, research using real WEEE remains relatively limited. Furthermore, the complexity of WEEE complicates the analysis of its pyrolytic kinetics. This study applied the Fraser-Suzuki mathematical deconvolution method to obtain the pseudo reactions of the thermal degradation of two types of WEEE, using four different catalysts (Al2O3, HBeta, HZSM-5, and TiO2) or without a catalyst. The main contributor(s) to each pseudo reaction were identified by comparing them with the pyrolysis results of the pure plastics in WEEE. The nth order model was then applied to estimate the kinetic parameters of the obtained pseudo reactions. In the low-grade electronics pyrolysis, the pseudo-1 reaction using TiO2 as a catalyst achieved the lowest activation energy of 92.10 kJ/mol, while the pseudo-2 reaction using HZSM-5 resulted in the lowest activation energy of 101.35 kJ/mol among the four catalytic cases. For medium-grade electronics, pseudo-3 and pseudo-4 were the main reactions for thermal degradation, with HZSM-5 and TiO2 yielding the lowest pyrolytic activation energies of 75.24 and 226.39 kJ/mol, respectively. This effort will play a crucial role in comprehending the pyrolysis kinetic mechanism of WEEE and propelling this technology toward a brighter future.
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| 5. |
- Jin, Yanghao, et al.
(författare)
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A novel three-stage ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis process for improved bio-oil yield and quality from lignocellulosic biomass
- 2024
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0360-5442 .- 1873-6785. ; 295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to improve the quality and yield of bio-oil produced from ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass (sawdust) using a combination of stage catalysts with Al-MCM-41, HZSM-5, and ZrO2. The research employed various methods, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry, bench-scale experiments, and process simulations to analyze the kinetics, thermodynamics, products, and energy flows of the catalytic upgrading process. The introduction of ZrO2 enhances the yield of monoaromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) in heavy organics. Compared with the dual-catalyst case, the MAHs yield escalates by approximately 344% at a catalyst ratio of 1:3:0.25. Additionally, GC-MS data indicate that the incorporation of ZrO2 promotes the deoxygenation reaction of the guaiacol compound and the oligomerization reactions of PAHs. The integration of ZrO2 as the third catalyst enhances the yield of heavy organics significantly, achieving 16.85% at a catalyst ratio of 1:3:1, which increases by nearly 35.6% compared to the dual-catalyst case. Also, the addition of ZrO2 as the third catalyst enhanced the energy distribution in heavy organics. These findings suggest that the combination of these catalysts improves the fuel properties and yields of the bio-oil.
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| 6. |
- Yang, Hanmin, 1992-, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon-negative valorization of biomass waste into affordable green hydrogen and battery anodes
- 2023
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The global Sustainable Development Goals highlight the necessity for affordable and clean energy, designated as SDG7. A sustainable and feasible biorefinery concept is proposed for the carbon-negative utilization of biomass waste for affordable H2 and battery anode material production. Specifically, an innovative tandem biocarbon + NiAlO + biocarbon catalyst strategy is constructed to realize a complete reforming of biomass pyro-vapors into H2+CO (as a mixture). The solid residues from pyrolysis are upgraded into high-quality hard carbon (HCs), demonstrating potential as sodium ion battery (SIBs) anodes. The product, HC-1600-6h, exhibited great electrochemical performance when employed as (SIBs) anodes (full cell: 263 Wh/kg with ICE of 89%). Ultimately, a comprehensive process is designed, simulated, and evaluated. The process yields 75 kg H2, 169 kg HCs, and 891 kg captured CO2 per ton of biomass achieving approx. 100% carbon and hydrogen utilization efficiencies. A life cycle assessment estimates a biomass valorization process with negative-emissions (−0.81 kg CO2/kg-biomass, reliant on Sweden wind electricity). A techno-economic assessment forecasts a notably profitable process capable of co-producing affordable H2 and hard carbon battery anodes. The payback period of the process is projected to fall within two years, assuming reference prices of 13.7 €/kg for HCs and 5 €/kg for H2. The process contributes to a novel business paradigm for sustainable and commercially viable biorefinery process, achieving carbon-negative valorization of biomass waste into affordable energy and materials.
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| 7. |
- Aragon-Briceno, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Integration of hydrothermal carbonization treatment for water and energy recovery from organic fraction of municipal solid waste digestate
- 2022
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Ingår i: Renewable energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 184, s. 577-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anaerobic digestion is an efficient way of using a wet fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW) for energy purposes as it can produce biogas. The moisture content of the digestate after application of mechanical dewatering is still high, and the amount of heat needed for drying is significant. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a process that can potentially offer great benefits by improved mechanical dewatering and valorization of the digestate into a better quality solid fuel. This study focuses on the determination of the optimum HTC process conditions to recover water from the MSW digestate. Different process conditions as temperature (180, 200, and 230 °C) and residence time (30, 60, and 120 min) were tested. Furthermore, a mass and energy balance was carried out and a process model in Aspen Plus was built. Results showed that HTC treatment increased the water recovery (40–48%) during the dewatering process compared with the original feedstock (18%). The process model showed a positive energy balance of 110 kWh per ton of MSW digestate treated with an electrical efficiency of 23.9%.
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| 8. |
- Persson, Henry, et al.
(författare)
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Catalytic pyrolysis over transition metal-modified zeolites: a comparative study between catalyst activity and deactivation
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. - : Elsevier. - 0165-2370 .- 1873-250X. ; 138, s. 54-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The utilization of metal-doped zeolites in catalytic pyrolysis of biomass is a well-known approach to promote the formation of certain compounds. One major technical issue of using zeolites in biomass pyrolysis processes is their rapid deactivation due to coke formation. However, little is known about how metal-doping influences the characteristics of coking, such as coking rate and its composition.In this study, four different materials were experimentally evaluated based on their catalytic activity and coking characteristics: HZSM-5, Fe/ZSM-5, Ni/ZSM-5 and FeNi/ZSM-5. The materials were prepared and characterized followed by screening in a bench-scale setup for in-situ catalytic pyrolysis. The mass balance and composition of pyrolysis products including catalyst coke were analyzed.It was found that metal-doping increases the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons in the liquid product from 59.0 to 82.8 % of GC/MS peak area, especially monoaromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) and naphthalenes. Fe mainly promotes MAHs whereas Ni additionally promotes naphthalenes. FeNi/ZSM-5 enhances the production of both compound groups as well as further reducing the total acid number (TAN). Regarding the catalyst coke, metal-doped catalysts present an increased concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons in terms of MAHs, naphthalenes and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. For each catalyst, the chemical composition of catalyst coke reflects the catalyst’s activity seen in vapor upgrading. A reaction pathway based on the observed catalyst activities of metal-doped ZSM-5 and HZSM-5 is proposed.The results also show that metal-doping of catalysts increases the formation of catalyst coke, mainly due to a higher concentration of strong acid sites. Also, the rate of coking is dependent on the strength of acid sites, where the strength correlates with the severity of coking. The coke yield was seen to increase from 3.5 wt% in the case of HZSM-5 to maximum 7.2 wt% over Fe/ZSM-5. However, the metal-doping of catalysts reduces the temperature of catalyst regeneration and catalyzes the oxidation of coke. Overall, this work presents a comparative study between catalyst activity and deactivation during thermochemical conversion of biomass.
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| 9. |
- Wang, Shule, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
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A machine learning model to predict the pyrolytic kinetics of different types of feedstocks
- 2022
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Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0196-8904 .- 1879-2227. ; 260, s. 115613-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An in-depth knowledge of pyrolytic kinetics is vital for understanding the thermal decomposition process. Numerous experimental studies have investigated the kinetic performance of the pyrolysis of different raw materials. An accurate prediction of pyrolysis kinetics could substantially reduce the efforts of researchers and decrease the cost of experiments. In this work, a model to predict the mean values of model-free activation energies of pyrolysis for five types of feedstocks was successfully constructed using the random forest machine learning method. The coefficient of determination of the fitting result reached a value as high as 0.9964, which indicates significant potential for making a quick initial pyrolytic kinetic estimation using machine learning methods. Specifically, from the results of a partial dependence analysis of the lignocellulose-type feedstock, the atomic ratios of H/C and O/C were found to have negative correlations with the pyrolytic activation energies. However, the effect of the ash content on the activation energy strongly depended on the organic component species present in the lignocellulose feedstocks. This work confirms the possibility of predicting model-free pyrolytic activation energies by utilizing machine learning methods, which can improve the efficiency and understanding of the kinetic analysis of pyrolysis for biomass and fossil investigations.
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| 10. |
- Wang, Shule, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of H2 as Pyrolytic Agent on the Product Distribution during Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Using Zeolites
- 2018
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Ingår i: Energy & Fuels. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0887-0624 .- 1520-5029. ; 32:8, s. 8530-8536
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bio-oil generated from catalytic fast pyrolysis or hydrotreating processes represents one of the most promising alternatives to liquid fossil fuels. The use of H2 as carrier gas in the pyrolysis of biomass requires further research to study the catalytic fast pyrolysis reactions in the case of using reactive atmosphere. In this work, pyrolysis experiments with lignocellulosic biomass have been performed in a fixed bed reactor in H2 and N2 atmospheres with/without HZSM-5 additions to investigate the influence of the pyrolytic agents during fast pyrolysis of biomass and upgrading of pyrolytic vapors over a zeolitic catalyst. It was found that in a H2 atmosphere, H2 was consumed in both noncatalytic and catalytic pyrolysis processes, respectively. Higher yields of nonaqueous liquids and permanent gases are obtained in a H2 atmosphere compared to a N2 atmosphere. A catalytic pyrolysis process using HZSM-5 in a H2 atmosphere increased the production of polymer aromatic hydrocarbons and suppressed the production of monomer aromatic hydrocarbons compared to similar tests performed in a N2 atmosphere. The results show an overall increased activity of HZSM-5 in the reactive H2 atmosphere compared to a N2 atmosphere.
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