| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- Wang, Longwei, et al.
(författare)
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Regulation of functional groups enable the metal-free PDINH/GO advisable antibacterial photocatalytic therapy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-8947. ; 451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- N-type organic semiconductor perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide (PDINH) are well-investigated photocatalyst. However, the photocatalytic potential for antibacterial therapy has been underexplored owing to the insufficient light absorption and rapid recombination of light-induced carriers. Herein, functional group-regulated is introduced by recrystallizing PDINH on the surface of GO in situ, endowing the PDINH/GO with enhanced photocatalytic properties, which harvest light energy across the full spectrum form ultraviolet to near-infrared. Simultaneously, the enhanced photogenerated carriers can activate Lewis base of GO to form an amide bond on the interface between bacteria and material, exhibiting high-efficient and steady bacteria trap. Compared with PDINH, both in vitro and in vivo all demonstrated PDINH/GO possess excellent antibacterial effect. In addition, as a non-metallic semiconductor, PDINH/GO shows capacity of enhancing epidermal cells proliferation and migration, resulting in successful infectious wound regeneration in mice and the side effects in vivo are negligible. Such the integration of wide-spectrum response, high efficiency of carrier separation, intentional bacterial capture and accelerated would healing of PDINH/GO not only enables an effective antibacterial therapy but also contributes to a successful example to activate nanomaterials by regulation of functional groups.
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| 3. |
- Bloom, Gerald, et al.
(författare)
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Health policy processes in Asian transitional economies
- 2008
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Ingår i: Health and Social Protection: Experiences from China, Cambodia and Lao PDR.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper draws on studies of current knowledge on health policy processes in Cambodia, China and Lao PDR by a number of researchers in the POVILL Consortium. They are based on reviews of international and national literature and of policy documents, interviews with key informants and preliminary findings of small studies in a selection of rural localities. It explores why policy makers have become increasingly interested in strategies for helping household cope when a family member develop serious illness and the reason for their preference for demand-side approaches. It looks at, amongst other things, the influence of policy networks and stakeholder interests on policy formulation. It then explores factors that affect implementation. It concludes with a discussion of the questions that ongoing field studies are addressing.
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| 4. |
- Chang, Jian, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Tailor-Made White Photothermal Fabrics : A Bridge between Pragmatism and Aesthetic
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : Wiley. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 35:41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maintaining human thermal comfort in the cold outdoors is crucial for diverse outdoor activities, e.g., sports and recreation, healthcare, and special occupations. To date, advanced clothes are employed to collect solar energy as a heat source to stand cold climates, while their dull dark photothermal coating may hinder pragmatism in outdoor environments and visual sense considering fashion. Herein, tailor-made white webs with strong photothermal effect are proposed. With the embedding of cesium–tungsten bronze (CsxWO3) nanoparticles (NPs) as additive inside nylon nanofibers, these webs are capable of drawing both near-infrared (NIR) and ultraviolet (UV) light in sunlight for heating. Their exceptional photothermal conversion capability enables 2.5–10.5 °C greater warmth than that of a commercial sweatshirt of six times greater thickness under different climates. Remarkably, this smart fabric can increase its photothermal conversion efficiency in a wet state. It is optimal for fast sweat or water evaporation at human comfort temperature (38.5 °C) under sunlight, and its role in thermoregulation is equally important to avoid excess heat loss in wilderness survival. Obviously, this smart web with considerable merits of shape retention, softness, safety, breathability, washability, and on-demand coloration provides a revolutionary solution to realize energy-saving outdoor thermoregulation and simultaneously satisfy the needs of fashion and aesthetics.
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| 5. |
- Chen, Xiaowen, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-bit Transient Fault Control for NoC Links Using 2D Fault Coding Method
- 2016
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Ingår i: 2016 TENTH IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NETWORKS-ON-CHIP (NOCS). - : IEEE. - 9781467390309
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In deep nanometer scale, Network-on-Chip (NoC) links are more prone to multi-bit transient fault. Conventional ECC techniques brings heavy area, power, and timing overheads when correcting and detecting multiple transient faults. Therefore, a cost-effective ECC technique, named 2D fault coding method, is adopted to overcome the multi-bit transient fault issue of NoC links. Its key innovation is that the wires of a link are treated as its matrix appearance and light-weight Parity Check Coding (PCC) is performed on the matrix's two dimensions (horizontal matrix rows and vertical matrix columns). Horizontal PCCs and vertical PCCs work together to find the faults' position and then correct them by simply inverting them. The procedure of using the 2D fault coding method to protect a NoC link is proposed, its correction and detection capability is analyzed, and its hardware implementation is carried out. Comparative experiments show that the proposal can largely reduce the ECC hardware cost, have much higher fault detection coverage, maintain almost zero silent fault percentages, and have higher fault correction percentages normalized under the same area, demonstrating that it is cost-effective and suitable to the multi-bit transient fault control for NoC links.
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| 6. |
- Li, Zongbao, et al.
(författare)
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High throughput trapping and arrangement of biological cells using self-assembled optical tweezer
- 2018
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - : OPTICAL SOC AMER. - 1094-4087. ; 26:26, s. 34665-34674
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lately, a fiber-based optical tweezer that traps and arranges the micro/nanoparticles is crucial in practical applications, because such a device can trap the biological samples and drive them to the designated position in a microfluidic system or vessel without harming them. Here, we report a new type of fiber optical tweezer, which can trap and arrange erythrocytes. It is prepared by coating graphene on the cross section of a microfiber. Our results demonstrate that thermal-gradient-induced natural convection flow and thermophoresis can trap the erythrocytes under low incident power, and the optical scattering force can arrange them precisely under higher incident power. The proposed optical tweezer has high flexibility, easy fabrication, and high integration with lab-on-a-chip, and shows considerable potential for application in various fields, such as biophysics, biochemistry, and life sciences.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Mestre, Humberto, et al.
(författare)
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Aquaporin-4-dependent glymphatic solute transport in the rodent brain
- 2018
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Ingår i: eLife. - 2050-084X. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The glymphatic system is a brain-wide clearance pathway; its impairment contributes to the accumulation of amyloid-β. Influx of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) depends upon the expression and perivascular localization of the astroglial water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4). Prompted by a recent failure to find an effect of Aqp4 knock-out (KO) on CSF and interstitial fluid (ISF) tracer transport, five groups re-examined the importance of AQP4 in glymphatic transport. We concur that CSF influx is higher in wild-type mice than in four different Aqp4 KO lines and in one line that lacks perivascular AQP4 (Snta1 KO). Meta-analysis of all studies demonstrated a significant decrease in tracer transport in KO mice and rats compared to controls. Meta-regression indicated that anesthesia, age, and tracer delivery explain the opposing results. We also report that intrastriatal injections suppress glymphatic function. This validates the role of AQP4 and shows that glymphatic studies must avoid the use of invasive procedures.
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| 9. |
- Wang, Zicong, et al.
(författare)
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Cache Access Fairness in 3D Mesh-Based NUCA
- 2018
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2169-3536. ; 6, s. 42984-42996
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given the increase in cache capacity over the past few decades, cache access effciency has come to play a critical role in determining system performance. To ensure effcient utilization of the cache resources, non-uniform cache architecture (NUCA) has been proposed to allow for a large capacity and a short access latency. With the support of networks-on-chip (NoC), NUCA is often employed to organize the last level cache. However, this method also hurts cache access fairness, which denotes the degree of non-uniformity for cache access latencies. This drop in fairness can result in an increased number of cache accesses with overhigh latency, which leads to a bottleneck in system performance. This paper investigates the cache access fairness in the context of NoC-based 3-D chip architecture, and provides new insights into 3-D architecture design. We propose fair-NUCA (F-NUCA), a co-design scheme intended to optimize cache access fairness. In F-NUCA, we strive to improve fairness by equalizing cache access latencies. To achieve this goal, the memory mapping and the channel width are both redistributed non-uniformly, thereby equalizing the non-contention and contention latencies, respectively. The experimental results reveal that F-NUCA can effectively improve cache access fairness. When F-NUCA is compared with the traditional static NUCA in a simulation with PARSEC benchmarks, the average reductions in average latency and latency standard deviation are 4.64%/9.38% for a 4 x 4 x 2 mesh network, as well as 6.31%/13.51% for a 4 x 4 x 4 mesh network. In addition, a 4.0%/ 6.4% improvement in system throughput can be achieved for the two scales of mesh networks, respectively.
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| 10. |
- Wang, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Fairness-oriented and location-aware NUCA for many-core SoC
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 11th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Networks-on-Chip, NOCS 2017. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450349840
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-uniform cache architecture (NUCA) is often employed to organize the last level cache (LLC) by Networks-on-Chip (NoC). However, along with the scaling up for network size of Systems-on-Chip (SoC), two trends gradually begin to emerge. First, the network latency is becoming the major source of the cache access latency. Second, the communication distance and latency gap between different cores is increasing. Such gap can seriously cause the network latency imbalance problem, aggravate the degree of non-uniform for cache access latencies, and then worsen the system performance. In this paper, we propose a novel NUCA-based scheme, named fairness-oriented and location-aware NUCA (FL-NUCA), to alleviate the network latency imbalance problem and achieve more uniform cache access. We strive to equalize network latencies which are measured by three metrics: average latency (AL), latency standard deviation (LSD), and maximum latency (ML). In FL-NUCA, the memory-to-LLC mapping and links are both non-uniform distributed to better fit the network topology and traffics, thereby equalizing network latencies from two aspects, i.e., non-contention latencies and contention latencies, respectively. The experimental results show that FL-NUCA can effectively improve the fairness of network latencies. Compared with the traditional static NUCA (SNUCA), in simulation with synthetic traffics, the average improvements for AL, LSD, and ML are 20.9%, 36.3%, and 35.0%, respectively. In simulation with PARSEC benchmarks, the average improvements for AL, LSD, and ML are 6.3%, 3.6%, and 11.2%, respectively.
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