| 1. |
- Lim, W., et al.
(författare)
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Migration and Luminescence Enhancement Effects of Deuterium in ZnO/ZnCdO Quantum Wells
- 2008
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 92, s. 032103-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ZnO/ZnCdO/ZnO multiple quantum well samples grown on sapphire substrates by molecular beam epitaxy and annealed in situ were exposed to D2 plasmas at 150 °C. The deuterium showed migration depths of ~0.8 µm for 30 min plasma exposures, with accumulation of 2H in the ZnCdO wells. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity from the samples was increased by factors of 5 at 5 K and ~20 at 300 K as a result of the deuteration, most likely due to passivation of competing nonradiative centers. Annealing up to 300 °C led to increased migration of 2H toward the substrate but no loss of deuterium from the sample and little change in the PL intensity. The initial PL intensities were restored by annealing at >=400 °C as 2H was evolved from the sample (~90% loss by 500 °C). By contrast, samples without in situ annealing showed a decrease in PL intensity with deuteration. This suggests that even moderate annealing temperatures lead to degradation of ZnCdO quantum wells.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Buyanova, Irina, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of hydrogen on the optical properties of ZnCdO/ZnO quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy
- 2008
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 92, s. 261912-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Temperature-dependent cw- and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL), as well as optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) measurements are employed to evaluate effects of deuterium (2H) doping on optical properties of ZnCdO/ZnO quantum well structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy. It is shown that incorporation of 2H from a remote plasma causes a substantial improvement in radiative efficiency of the investigated structures. Based on transient PL measurements, the observed improvements are attributed to efficient passivation by hydrogen of competing nonradiative recombination centers via defects. This conclusion is confirmed from the ODMR studies.
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| 4. |
- Buyanova, Irina, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Optical characterization of Zn(1-x)Cd(x)O alloys grown by molecular-beam epitaxy
- 2006
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Ingår i: 210th ECS Meeting Volume 3, Issue 5. - : The Electrochemical Society. ; , s. 391-398
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We have carried out comprehensive optical studies to evaluate structural and bandgap properties of Zn1-xCdxO alloys with x{less than or equalto}0.17 grown by molecular beam epitaxy. High crystalline quality ofthe alloys was concluded from cathodoluminescence measurements. Based on absorptionand reflectance measurements, the compositional dependence of the bandgap energyof ZnCdO, estimated without taking into account excitonic effects, wasfound to follow the trend Eg(x)=3.28-2.23x+0.45x2. Degradation in the alloyquality due to possible phase separation was found to causedeviations from this trend, evident from a more rapid redshift of the absorption edge. Effects of Cd incorporation onthe variation of the bandgap energies with temperature are alsodiscussed.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Dagnelund, Daniel, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of growth conditions on grown-in defect formation and luminescence efficiency in GaInNP epilayers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physica status solidi (c)Special Issue: E-MRS 2007 Spring Meeting – Symposium F and Conference on Photonic Materials. - Weinheim : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. ; , s. 460-463
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A detailed study of the impact of different growth conditions (i.e. ion bombardment, nitrogen flow and In content) on the defect formation in Ga(In)NP epilayers grown on GaP substrates by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy is performed. Reduced nitrogen ion bombardment during the growth is shown to significantly reduce formation of defects acting as competing recombination centers, such as a Ga interstitial defect and other unidentified defects revealed by optically detected magnetic resonance. Further, high nitrogen flow is found to be even more effective than the ion bombardment in introducing the defects. The incorporation of In by 5.1% is, on the other hand, found not to affect the introduction of defects. The results provide a useful insight into the formation mechanism of the defects that will hopefully shed light on a control of the defect introduction in the alloys by optimizing growth conditions.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Dagnelund, Daniel, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Formation of grown-in defects in molecular beam epitaxial Ga(In)NP : effects of growth conditions and post-growth treatments
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 103, s. 063519-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effects of growth conditions and post-growth treatments, such as presence of N ions, N2 flow, growth temperature, In alloying, and postgrowth rapid thermal annealing (RTA), on formation of grown-in defects in Ga(In)NP prepared by molecular beam epitaxy are studied in detail by the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) technique. Several common residual defects, such as two Ga-interstitial defects (i.e., Gai-A and Gai-B) and two unidentified defects with a g factor around 2 (denoted by S1 and S2), are closely monitored. Bombardment of impinging N ions on grown sample surface is found to facilitate formation of these defects. Higher N2 flow is shown to have an even more profound effect than a higher number of ions in introducing these defects. Incorporation of a small amount of In (e.g., 5.1%) in GaNP seems to play a minor role in the formation of the defects. In GaInNP with 45% of In; however, the defects were found to be abundant. Effect of RTA on the defects is found to depend on initial configurations of Gai-related defects formed during the growth. In the alloys where the Gai-A and Gai-B defects are absent in the as-grown samples (i.e., GaNP grown at a low temperature of 460 °C), the concentrations of the two Gai defects are found to increase after postgrowth RTA. This indicates that the defects originally introduced in the as-grown alloys have been transformed into the more thermally stable Gai-A and Gai-B during RTA. On the other hand, when the Gai-A and Gai-B are readily abundant (e.g., at higher growth temperatures (>=500 °C), RTA leads to a slight reduction of the Gai-A and Gai-B ODMR signals. The S2 defect is also shown to be thermally stable upon the RTA treatment.
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| 9. |
- Dagnelund, Daniel, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Optically detected cyclotron resonance studies of InxGa1-xNyAs1-y/GaAs quantum wells sandwiched between type-II AlAs/GaAs superlattices.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 101, s. 073705-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on our results from a systematic study of layered structures containing an InGaNAs/GaAs single quantum well (SQW) enclosed between staggered type II AlAs/GaAs superlattices (SL), by the photoluminescence (PL) and optically detected cyclotron resonance (ODCR) techniques. Besides the ODCR signal known to originate from electrons in GaAs, the predominant ODCR peak is shown to be related to carriers with a two-dimensional character and a cyclotron resonance effective mass of m*[approximate](0.51-0.56)m0. The responsible carriers are ascribed to electrons on the ellipsoidal equienergy surface at the AlAs X point of the Brillouin zone within the SL, based on results from angular and spectral dependences of the ODCR signal. No ODCR signal related to the InGaNAs SQW was detected, presumably due to low carrier mobility despite the high optical quality. Multiple absorption of photons with energy below the band gap energy of the SL and the GaAs barriers was observed, which bears implication on the efficiency of light-emitting devices based on these structures.
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| 10. |
- Dagnelund, Daniel, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Spin resonance spectroscopy of grown-in defects in Ga(In)NP alloys
- 2008
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Ingår i: 7th International Conference on Physics of Light-Matter Coupling in Nanostructures, 2007. - : Elsevier Ltd.. ; , s. 620-625
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We employ the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) technique to study and identify important grown-in defects in Ga(In)NP grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE). Several types of defects were revealed from ODMR studies. The dominant defects were found to be related to Ga interstitials, evident form their characteristic hyperfine interaction arising from the spin interaction between the electron and the Ga nucleus. Some other as yet unidentified intrinsic defects were also found to be commonly present in the alloys. The effects of growth conditions (ion bombardment, N2 gas flow, etc.) and post-growth rapid thermal annealing on the formation of these defects were studied in detail, shedding light on the formation mechanism of defects.
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