| 1. |
- Du, Mulong, et al.
(författare)
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Cyp2a6 activity and cigarette consumption interact in smoking-related lung cancer susceptibility
- 2024
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - : American Association For Cancer Research (AACR). - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 84:4, s. 616-625
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cigarette smoke, containing both nicotine and carcinogens, causes lung cancer. However, not all smokers develop lung cancer, highlighting the importance of the interaction between host susceptibility and environmental exposure in tumorigenesis. Here, we aimed to delineate the interaction between metabolizing ability of tobacco carcinogens and smoking intensity in mediating genetic susceptibility to smoking-related lung tumorigenesis. Single-variant and gene-based associations of 43 tobacco carcinogen–metabolizing genes with lung cancer were analyzed using summary statistics and individual-level genetic data, followed by causal inference of Mendelian randomization, mediation analysis, and structural equation modeling. Cigarette smoke–exposed cell models were used to detect gene expression patterns in relation to specific alleles. Data from the International Lung Cancer Consortium (29,266 cases and 56,450 controls) and UK Biobank (2,155 cases and 376,329 controls) indicated that the genetic variant rs56113850 C>T located in intron 4 of CYP2A6 was significantly associated with decreased lung cancer risk among smokers (OR = 0.88, 95% confidence interval = 0.85–0.91, P = 2.18 X 10-16), which might interact (Pinteraction = 0.028) with and partially be mediated (ORindirect = 0.987) by smoking status. Smoking intensity accounted for 82.3% of the effect of CYP2A6 activity on lung cancer risk but entirely mediated the genetic effect of rs56113850. Mechanistically, the rs56113850 T allele rescued the downregulation of CYP2A6 caused by cigarette smoke exposure, potentially through preferential recruitment of transcription factor helicase-like transcription factor. Together, this study provides additional insights into the interplay between host susceptibility and carcinogen exposure in smoking-related lung tumorigenesis.
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| 2. |
- Birney, Ewan, et al.
(författare)
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Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 447:7146, s. 799-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function.
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| 3. |
- Li, Hongliang, et al.
(författare)
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Catalytic performance and characterization of Al2O3-supported Pt-Co catalyst coatings for preferential CO oxidation in a micro-reactor
- 2010
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Ingår i: Applied Catalysis A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-860X .- 1873-3875. ; 387:1-2, s. 215-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Platinum-cobalt (Pt-Co) catalyst coatings are studied for preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide (PROX) ill hydrogen-rich gas streams. Experimental results show a role for cobalt in improving catalytic activity. The most active catalyst coating can decrease carbon monoxide concentrations from 1% to a value of less than 10 ppm for GHSV values ranging from 40,000 to 120,000 ml g(-1) h(-1). This catalyst coating can work at a wide window of operation ill terms of temperature. Transmission electron microscopy, selected-area electron diffraction, and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy show that the addition of Co forms Pt3Co intermetallic compounds and slightly increases the average particle size. In situ laser Raman spectroscopy reveals the co-existence of Co metal and its oxides on the catalyst surface, due to gradual oxidation of Co by gas phase oxygen within the initial stage of the PROX reaction. The promotional effect of Co during PROX is confirmed and ascribed to this Pt3Co intermetallic compound and the synergetic effect of Co-0 and Co chi+. The high accessibility of the reactant to Pt3Co species appears favorable and crucial for PROX.
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| 4. |
- Liu, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Resource utilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash - cement and alkali-activated cementitious materials: A review
- 2022
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 852
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) production has led to an increase in MSW incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) production. MSWIFA contains toxic and harmful substances such as heavy metals and dioxins, which can cause harm to the environment if not treated properly. Only a few MSWIFAs will be landfilled directly, and the rest will need to be treated by other methods. The treatment of MSWIFA can be divided into three types: separation, stabilization/solidification (S/S), and thermal treatment, which are either not fully developed or too costly. Resource utilization is a sustainable means of treating MSWIFA. MSWIFA is used in the production of cement and alkali-activated cementitious materials as a means of resource utilization with significant advantages. This can alleviate the consumption of nature and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in conventional cement production. Compared with MSWIFA cement, MSWIFA alkali-activated cementitious material can be achieved with almost no consumption of natural resources, which is worthy of further research to realize the large-scale application of MSWIFA. At the end of the paper, the perspective of separation of dioxins from MSWIFA, co-processing of MSWI ash, and production of “MSWIFA green materials” is presented.
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| 5. |
- Liu, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of geopolymer using municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and steel slag: Hydration properties and immobilization of heavy metals
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 341
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a novel method for the disposal of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) was proposed. By applying geopolymer technology, steel slag (SS) and MSWIFA were used together as precursors to synthesize a cementitious material with sufficient strength that is useable in construction. The effects of the dosages of SS and alkaline activator on the properties of the geopolymer were investigated. Compressive testing was used to characterize the mechanical properties of the geopolymer. X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used for microscopic analysis. Leaching tests were performed to assess the immobilization effect of the geopolymer on heavy metals. The results showed that the compressive strength of the geopolymer reached 23.03 MPa at 56 d with 20% SS and 11% Na2O admixture. Highly polymerized hydration products, such as C-(A)-S-H gels and N-A-S-H gels, contributed to the compact microstructure, which provided mechanical strength and limited the migration and leaching of heavy metals in the geopolymer matrix. In terms of the results, this work is significant for the development of MSWIFA management.
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| 6. |
- Xin, Yiwei, et al.
(författare)
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Fusobacterium nucleatum- induced exosomal HOTTIP promotes gastric cancer progression through the microRNA-885-3p/EphB2 axis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cancer Science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1347-9032 .- 1349-7006. ; 114:6, s. 2360-2374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have reported that Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is associated with gastric cancer (GC). Cancer-derived exosomes contain key regulatory noncoding RNAs and are a crucial medium of intercellular communication. However, the function and regulatory mechanism of exosomes (Fn-GCEx) secreted from Fn-infected GC cells remains unclear. In this study, Fn-GCEx enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion capacity of GC cells in vitro, as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. HOTTIP was also upregulated in GC cells treated with Fn-GCEx. Moreover, knockdown of HOTTIP weakened the effects of Fn-GCEx in recipient GC cells. Mechanistically, HOTTIP promoted EphB2 expression by sponging microRNA (miR)-885-3p, thus activating the PI3K/AKT pathway in Fn-GCEx treated GC cells. Overall, Fn infection induced the upregulation of exosomal HOTTIP from GC cells that subsequently promoted GC progression through the miR-885-3p/EphB2/PI3K/AKT axis. Herein, we identify a potential molecular pathway and therapeutic target for GC.
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| 7. |
- Yu, Xinhai, et al.
(författare)
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Pt-Co catalyst-coated channel plate reactor for preferential CO oxidation
- 2011
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Ingår i: International journal of hydrogen energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-3199 .- 1879-3487. ; 36:5, s. 3778-3788
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To achieve preferential CO oxidation, a Pt-Co catalyst-coated channel plate reactor (CCPR) was produced via conventional mechanical milling and catalyst coating. The proposed reactor performed well under a wide range of operating temperatures and provided satisfactory results at low temperatures (CO concentrations of 1-10 ppm at 413-443 K and 1-50 ppm at 413-453 K). In the proposed CCPR, significant deactivation was not observed during continuous operation for 100 h. In addition, the reactor exhibited excellent tolerance to undesirable conditions, including reaction temperature runaway and feeding stream failure. Characterisation results indicated that the catalytic activity of the proposed CCPR was high due to the formation of Pt3Co intermetallic compounds and nanoscale metal particles. The capacity per channel of the proposed CCPR was approximately 50-100 times greater than those of conventional microchannel reactors; thus, problems associated with excessive reactors were significantly reduced. In general, the results indicated that CCPR has great potential in the small-scale production of hydrogen for fuel cells.
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