| 1. |
- Bryois, J., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic identification of cell types underlying brain complex traits yields insights into the etiology of Parkinson’s disease
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 52:5, s. 482-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies have discovered hundreds of loci associated with complex brain disorders, but it remains unclear in which cell types these loci are active. Here we integrate genome-wide association study results with single-cell transcriptomic data from the entire mouse nervous system to systematically identify cell types underlying brain complex traits. We show that psychiatric disorders are predominantly associated with projecting excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Neurological diseases were associated with different cell types, which is consistent with other lines of evidence. Notably, Parkinson’s disease was genetically associated not only with cholinergic and monoaminergic neurons (which include dopaminergic neurons) but also with enteric neurons and oligodendrocytes. Using post-mortem brain transcriptomic data, we confirmed alterations in these cells, even at the earliest stages of disease progression. Our study provides an important framework for understanding the cellular basis of complex brain maladies, and reveals an unexpected role of oligodendrocytes in Parkinson’s disease. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.
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| 2. |
- Jemt, Torsten, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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A 5-year prospective multicenter follow-up report on overdentures supported by osseointegrated implants.
- 1996
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Ingår i: The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants. - 0882-2786. ; 11:3, s. 291-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report presents the results of a 5-year prospective multicenter study including nine centers worldwide. A total of 30 patients received 117 Brånemark implants in the maxillae, and 103 patients received 393 implants in the mandibles. According to the protocol, all integrated maxillary implants were to be loaded; however, only two of four mandibular implants were planned for support of the overdentures, leaving the remaining implants covered by mucosa as backup for possible implant failures. Thirty-five patients (26.3%) who were provided with 127 implants (24.9%) were withdrawn from the study. Six patients treated in the maxilla lost all their implants and resumed wearing complete dentures. The cumulative success rates for implants and for overdentures supported by two implants in the edentulous mandible were 94.5% and 100%, respectively. The corresponding cumulative success rates for implants and for overdentures supported by an optimal number of implants in the maxilla were 72.4% and 77.9%, respectively. Significantly better jawbone characteristics at the time of implant surgery were considered to contribute to the better cumulative success rates in the mandibles. Mean marginal bone loss was 0.8 mm (SD 0.8) and 0.5 mm (SD 0.8) for loaded implants during a 5-year period of time in the maxillae and mandibles, respectively. Measurements of the clinical height of the abutment cylinders indicated a mean recession (0.2 mm) of peri-implant mucosa during the follow-up period in the mandibles. Conversely, hyperplasia was observed in the maxillae.
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| 3. |
- Watson, Hunna J., et al.
(författare)
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Common Genetic Variation and Age of Onset of Anorexia Nervosa
- 2022
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Ingår i: BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE. - : Elsevier BV. - 2667-1743. ; 2:4, s. 368-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Genetics and biology may influence the age of onset of anorexia nervosa (AN). The aims of this study were to determine whether common genetic variation contributes to age of onset of AN and to investigate the genetic associations between age of onset of AN and age at menarche.METHODS: A secondary analysis of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium genome-wide association study (GWAS) of AN was performed, which included 9335 cases and 31,981 screened controls, all from European ancestries. We conducted GWASs of age of onset, early-onset AN (,13 years), and typical-onset AN, and genetic correlation, genetic risk score, and Mendelian randomization analyses.RESULTS: Two loci were genome-wide significant in the typical-onset AN GWAS. Heritability estimates (single nucleotide polymorphism-h2) were 0.01-0.04 for age of onset, 0.16-0.25 for early-onset AN, and 0.17-0.25 for typical-onset AN. Early-and typical-onset AN showed distinct genetic correlation patterns with putative risk factors for AN. Specifically, early-onset AN was significantly genetically correlated with younger age at menarche, and typical-onset AN was significantly negatively genetically correlated with anthropometric traits. Genetic risk scores for age of onset and early-onset AN estimated from independent GWASs significantly predicted age of onset. Mendelian randomization analysis suggested a causal link between younger age at menarche and early -onset AN.CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence consistent with a common variant genetic basis for age of onset and implicate biological pathways regulating menarche and reproduction.
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| 4. |
- Abazajian, Kevork, et al.
(författare)
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CMB-S4 : Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves
- 2022
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 926:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CMB-S4—the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment—is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the universe. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semianalytic projection tool, targeted explicitly toward optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2–3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments, given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semianalytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for r > 0.003 at greater than 5σ, or in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of r < 0.001 at 95% CL.
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| 5. |
- Algaba, Juan-Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8213 .- 2041-8205. ; 911:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass ∼6.5 × 109 M o˙. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87's spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous γ-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the γ-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded.
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| 6. |
- Heckemann, Birgit, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Migrants Access and Encounters of Healthcare in a Host Country
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2nd International Conference of the Urban Research and Education Knowledge Alliance (U!REKA). 20-21November 2017, Edinburgh.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background The aim of this paper is to present part of the findings of a literature search undertaken by an international group of researchers, all members of the Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI) nursing organisation. This part addresses the conference theme of Urban Displacement: Migration and Refugees. The group got together to discuss the lack of knowledge about migrants health care experiences. In light of the increasing number of migrants across Europe, the group felt there was a paucity of information relating to migrants, concluding that migrants’ perceptions about the quality of health care must be regarded as a potentially crucial source of information for gathering data to detect significant gaps in the health care delivery services. The researchers from Sweden, the Netherlands, England and Scotland met together over the past two years to explore available literature related to migrants´ experiences of health care and their health care seeking behaviours. The results of this work have been submitted to an STTI conference in November 2017 and the full paper is under review for publication. Methodology Eight academics from 8 higher education institutions in the countries involved, undertook a meta-ethnography of qualitative studies during January 2000– June 2016. A literature search using the search engines MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychInfo, EMBASE, Web of Science, Migration Observatory (UK), NHS Scotland Knowledge Network, ASSIA and the Cochrane Library was performed. Search terms used included ‘migrant’, ‘migrant patient’ ‘immigrants’, ‘quality of care’, ‘nursing care’, ‘satisfaction with nursing care’, ‘experiences of care’ ‘expectations’. Google and Google Scholar were used to identify studies not published in indexed journals. Findings Two hundred and sixty four articles were identified and a scan of titles brought this down to 62. A further review of abstracts brought this number to 49 and a full reading of each article reduced the numbers further. Twenty seven qualitative studies were included in the analysis. The majority of these (n= 19) originated from Europe Various migrant groups were included; undocumented migrants or refugees of uncertain legal status (n=2) migrants with legal residency permit who tend to stay in host country for economic or safety reasons (n= 23) and retirees with the choice to stay in the host country or return to their home country (n=2). Thematic analysis revealed five dimensions: personal factors; healthcare system; access to healthcare; the encounter; and healthcare experience. In keeping with the conference theme, this paper reports on the Access to Healthcare and The Encounter dimensions. Access to healthcare This dimension addressed the barriers or enablers to healthcare in the host country. When a need for services is identified by migrants, their socio-economic and legal status would appear to affect their access to services. In order to even access the correct service, the individual migrant and/or their families need to know how to go about such access. Language difficulties and lack of information can serve to adversely affect their rights. An additional issue is that service providers can prove to be gatekeepers to the required services. These issues can have a detrimental effect on the individual migrant’s health and they may seek alternative health-seeking strategies. The Encounter When an individual migrant does access the services, the manner in which they are treated as a person and as a patient is determined by the staff they encounter. This juncture has huge implications for the trajectory of a person’s care. Yet the encounter can prove problematic due to language difficulties and a lack of mutual knowledge of how to act in a culturally appropriately way. This also covers the misunderstandings of what an individual migrant wants from service providers, what they are used to in their own countries and what the service provider states that the person with migrant status needs. It is therefore important for service providers to treat the individual in an holistic manner, ascertaining their expectations and perceived need. Such care is at the heart of person-centredness. Conclusion and Implications Migrants’ access and encounters with health services should be seriously considered. Rather than being disconnected from society, they need to be able to improve their physical and social status, thus being able to integrate and contribute to their new home country in which they are a valued member. It is therefore essential for service provision to address the needs of migrants. For nursing, the nursing education and research agenda should focus on improvement of the necessary nursing competencies with person centred care at the core of care delivery. Upskilling care staff in cultural care will serve to facilitate the optimal conditions to improve migrants’ access to health care and their care encounter.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Jencson, Jacob E., et al.
(författare)
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Discovery of an Intermediate-luminosity Red Transient in M51 and Its Likely Dust-obscured, Infrared-variable Progenitor
- 2019
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Letters. - : American Astronomical Society. - 2041-8205 .- 2041-8213. ; 880:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the discovery of an optical transient (OT) in Messier. 51, designated M51 OT2019-1 (also ZTF 19aadyppr, AT 2019abn, ATLAS19bz1), by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). The OT rose over 15. days to an observed luminosity of M-r = -13 (nu L-nu = 9 x 10(6) L-circle dot), in the luminosity gap between novae and typical supernovae (SNe). Spectra during the outburst show a red continuum, Balmer emission with a velocity width of approximate to 400 km s(-1), Ca II and [Ca II] emission, and absorption features characteristic of an F-type supergiant. The spectra and multiband light curves are similar to the so-called SN impostors and intermediate-luminosity red transients (ILRTs). We directly identify the likely progenitor in archival Spitzer Space Telescope imaging with a 4.5 mu m luminosity of M-[4.5] approximate to -12.2 mag and a [3.6]-[4.5] color redder than 0.74 mag, similar to those of the prototype ILRTs SN 2008S and NGC 300 OT2008-1. Intensive monitoring of M51 with Spitzer further reveals evidence for variability of the progenitor candidate at [ 4.5] in the years before the OT. The progenitor is not detected in pre-outburst Hubble Space Telescope optical and near-IR images. The optical colors during outburst combined with spectroscopic temperature constraints imply a higher reddening of E(B - V) approximate to 0.7 mag and higher intrinsic luminosity of M-r approximate to -14.9 mag (nu L-nu = 5.3 x 10(7) L-circle dot) near peak than seen in previous ILRT candidates. Moreover, the extinction estimate is higher on the rise than on the plateau, suggestive of an extended phase of circumstellar dust destruction. These results, enabled by the early discovery of M51. OT2019-1 and extensive pre-outburst archival coverage, offer new clues about the debated origins of ILRTs and may challenge the hypothesis that they arise from the electron-capture induced collapse of extreme asymptotic giant branch stars.
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| 9. |
- Luiking, Marie Louise, et al.
(författare)
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Migrants' healthcare experience: a meta-ethnography review of the literature.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Scholarship. - : Wiley. - 1527-6546 .- 1547-5069. ; 51:1, s. 58-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Worldwide, more than 214 million people have left their country of origin. This unprecedented mass migration impacts on healthcare in host countries. This paper explores and synthesizes literature on the healthcare experiences of migrants. Design: A meta- ethnography study of qualitative studies was conducted. Methods: Eight databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychInfo, EMBASE, Web of Science, Migration Observatory, National Health Service Scotland Knowledge Network, and ASSIA) were searched for relevant full text articles in English, published between January 2006 and June 2016. Articles were screened against inclusion criteria for eligibility. Included articles were assessed for quality and analysed using Noblit and Hare’s seven step meta ethnography process. Findings: Twenty-seven studies were included in the review. Five key contextualization dimensions were identified: Personal Factors, The Healthcare System, Accessing Healthcare, The Encounter and Healthcare Experiences. These five areas all underlined the uniqueness of each individual migrant emphasizing the need to treat a person rather than a population. Within a true person-centred approach, the individual’s cultural background is fundamental to effective care. Conclusion: From the findings, a model has been designed using the five dimensions and grounded in a person-centred care approach. This may help healthcare providers to identify weak points, improve the organisation and healthcare professionals to provide person-centred care to migrant patients. Clinical relevance: The proposed model facilitates identification of points of weakness in the care for migrant patients. Employing a person-centred care approach may contribute to improve health outcomes for migrant patients.
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| 10. |
- Luiking, Marie-Louise, et al.
(författare)
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The Dividends of Collaboration: An STTI European Research Taskforce Experience
- 2017
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Ingår i: 44th Biennial Convention 2017: Influence Through Action: Advancing Global Health, Nursing, and Midwifery. Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Collaboration is often perceived as a compromising endeavour. However fostering a common vision, outcome/goal and building a trusting relationship can lay the foundation for partnerships that can lead to remarkable achievement. Collaboration between nurses is a key ingredient to quality, safety and cost efficient and effective care within health care and nursing research. The Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI) European regional committee aims to raise awareness and promote fruitful collaboration between nursing scholars in Europa as well as to expand STTI critical mass across Europe. The committee, which is made up of the European chapter presidents drafted and adopted a policy document including a strategy plan for further developing and promoting STTI across Europe. One of the key long-term goals of the STTI European Policy document revised in 2014, is to conduct a collaborative research project by 2020 (STTI European 2014). A short-term goal is a publication based on a review of literature. The intended rational is to address common issues in education, clinical practice or patient safety in a European research collaboration and to realise teamwork among STTI scholars. This paper outlines an ongoing project across Europe to produce relevant literature for a publication on migrant patients’ experiences of healthcare. Health care is a basic human right for all people, the World Health Care organisation (WHO) Constitution enshrines “…the highest attainable standard of health as a fundamental right of every human being.” (WHO 2015)Vulnerable and marginalized groups in societies for example migrants tend to bear an undue proportion of health problems. Access to health care is considered a determinant of health inequalities. The term "migrant" is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as "one who moves, either temporarily or permanently, from one place, area or country of residence to another" (Oxford diction). The topic was selected because Europe has seen mass migration of people fleeing war torn Middle East countries to live in Europe. This topic was highly relevant to all members, as more than a million migrants and refugees crossed into Europe in 2015. This mass migration led to crises, as countries struggled to cope with the influx and created division in the European Union (EU) over how best to deal with resettling people. Tensions in the EU have been rising because of the disproportionate burden faced by some countries. The STTI group agreed that with increasing numbers of people on the move, healthcare of migrants has become a key global public-health issue. The sheer scale of human displacement has turned migrant health into a priority for the European public-health agenda. Aim: To share the experience of setting up a successful scholarly collaboration among European nurses, the Research Task Force will (1) report and discuss lessons learned about international collaboration and global partnerships and (2) show the steps taken by the European research collaboration on disseminating the nursing care knowledge gained by writing a review article. Method: Under the lead of the European STTI Research co-ordinator in Sweden, individual STTI members from the Netherlands, Sweden and United Kingdom formed a taskforce group. This taskforce group decided upon the topic of the review, the method of communications and division of work. Results: Several Skype meetings were held to come to the right topic for the international taskforce. The criteria for the topic were: high relevance to all participating (and other) European countries, having high priority in the European public-health agenda. It was decided to centre the review on migrants’ experiences of using health care services. The mass migration from the middle east and Africa to the EU, not only created the problem of providing healthcare on a vast scale but also the problem that new arrivals had different ideas and expectations of the healthcare systems and also experienced specific problems in accessing the healthcare systems. Within the concept of experiences we intend to explore the sub themes quality of life and satisfaction with the health care that migrants are receiving. In further virtual meetings keywords for the search in the literature databases were discussed and decided upon. The participants from the different countries all searched one or more literature databases. The database assignment to the participant in the different countries was primarily based on the accessibility of certain databases by the different participants. The final articles for the review were selected after further discussions among the international participants about the exact content of these articles. The participants from the different countries could often clarify unexpected findings in articles from their own or neighboring countries. The findings from the articles were collected in a spreadsheet. After individual analysis by the participants the results will be discussed. Multiple participants will write separate parts of the final article . Working together as an international, virtual group offered a number of valuable learning experiences, particularly because the individual members of the group had not necessarily met face to face before the collaboration. Barriers we encountered were related to scheduling the meetings and technical problems in using Skype as a medium to conduct the meetings. These required particular moderating skills and somewhat slowed down the process of the project. On the other hand, the international group members who committed to the collaboration also brought a wealth of expertise to the topic that enabled a fruitful and stimulating exchange, which will enrich our publication. Conclusion: The project has demonstrated the richness that comes with exploring a topic within a multinational group. It also highlighted that a successful collaboration in a virtual research group requires commitment and particular organizational and leadership skills. It was made possible by the communality of members being in the STTI European Research Taskforce. Although we have just reached the stage, after a year, of identifying the literature that will inform our publication, we have first-hand experience of the benefits of working together. We have all learned so much on the facilitators and barriers to working across countries and being heavily reliant upon Skype, but we feel that our publication will add to the body of knowledge on migrant patients’ experiences of healthcare because we have approached the topic in a truly European manner. The discussion will address the results of the review article on migrant experiences of Health Care. In addition, the discussion will outline the differences and similarities and address how this STTI European research collaboration group both nationally and internationally can use the results to build new partnerships, to improve communication and the quality of care in the work environment.
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