| 1. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Wang, Nana, et al.
(författare)
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Perovskite light-emitting diodes based on solution-processed self-organized multiple quantum wells
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nature Photonics. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1749-4885 .- 1749-4893. ; 10:11, s. 699-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organometal halide perovskites can be processed from solutions at low temperatures to form crystalline direct-bandgap semiconductors with promising optoelectronic properties(1-5). However, the efficiency of their electroluminescence is limited by non-radiative recombination, which is associated with defects and leakage current due to incomplete surface coverage(6-9). Here we demonstrate a solution-processed perovskite light-emitting diode (LED) based on self-organized multiple quantum wells (MQWs) with excellent film morphologies. The MQW-based LED exhibits a very high external quantum efficiency of up to 11.7%, good stability and exceptional highpower performance with an energy conversion efficiency of 5.5% at a current density of 100 mA cm(-2). This outstanding performance arises because the lower bandgap regions that generate electroluminescence are effectively confined by perovskite MQWs with higher energy gaps, resulting in very efficient radiative decay. Surprisingly, there is no evidence that the large interfacial areas between different bandgap regions cause luminescence quenching.
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| 4. |
- Feng, Dawei, et al.
(författare)
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Stable metal-organic frameworks containing single-molecule traps for enzyme encapsulation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 6, s. 5979-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enzymatic catalytic processes possess great potential in chemical manufacturing, including pharmaceuticals, fuel production and food processing. However, the engineering of enzymes is severely hampered due to their low operational stability and difficulty of reuse. Here, we develop a series of stable metal-organic frameworks with rationally designed ultra-large mesoporous cages as single-molecule traps (SMTs) for enzyme encapsulation. With a high concentration of mesoporous cages as SMTs, PCN-333(Al) encapsulates three enzymes with record-high loadings and recyclability. Immobilized enzymes that most likely undergo single-enzyme encapsulation (SEE) show smaller Km than free enzymes while maintaining comparable catalytic efficiency. Under harsh conditions, the enzyme in SEE exhibits better performance than free enzyme, showing the effectiveness of SEE in preventing enzyme aggregation or denaturation. With extraordinarily large pore size and excellent chemical stability, PCN-333 may be of interest not only for enzyme encapsulation, but also for entrapment of other nanoscaled functional moieties.
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| 5. |
- Wang, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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High corrosion resistance duplex fcc + hcp cobalt based entropic alloys: An experimental and theoretical investigation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials and Design. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-4197 .- 0264-1275. ; 223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of duplex fcc + hcp Co-based entropic alloys are being discovered as a new category of entropic alloys with outstanding mechanical properties, especially to overcome a typical mechanical trade-off between strength and ductility. In this work, CALPHAD-based (CALculation of PHAse Diagram) thermodynamic calculations were performed to facilitate alloy design and to understand corrosion behaviors. The kinetics of the electrochemical corrosion for designed alloys in typical aggressive anion Cl- was investigated by electrochemical tests, including open circuit potential (OCP), polarization and cyclic polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The valence state and the surface morphologies of the passive films were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscope (AFM). High corrosion resistance materials with high strength and ductility performances were discovered in the present work. Except for Ni-oxides, various spinel compounds and many other oxides including Co2O3, Cr2O3, Fe2O3, MnO, MoO3, CoCr2O4, FeCr2O4, CoFe2O4, and CoMoO4 were observed in the passive films. The adsorbed and penetrated corrosive anion Cl- will be prone to breakdown the passive films with less Cr2O3, CoCr2O4 and MoO3 to form pitting corrosion (also include other localized corrosion, such as intergranular corrosion and crevice corrosion). The microstructure of the hcp martensite with the fcc matrix has played an important role in the propagation of the localized anodic dissolution in the form of cleavage and quasi-cleavage. The theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental observations. This paper paves a way for the future development of high-performance Co-based entropic alloys served in some harsh environments.
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| 6. |
- Wang, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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High corrosion resistance duplex fcc plus hcp cobalt based entropic alloys : An experimental and theoretical investigation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials & design. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197. ; 223, s. 111166-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of duplex fcc + hcp Co-based entropic alloys are being discovered as a new category of entropic alloys with outstanding mechanical properties, especially to overcome a typical mechanical trade-off between strength and ductility. In this work, CALPHAD-based (CALculation of PHAse Diagram) thermo-dynamic calculations were performed to facilitate alloy design and to understand corrosion behaviors. The kinetics of the electrochemical corrosion for designed alloys in typical aggressive anion Cl-was inves-tigated by electrochemical tests, including open circuit potential (OCP), polarization and cyclic polariza-tion curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The valence state and the surface morphologies of the passive films were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscope (AFM). High corrosion resistance materials with high strength and ductility per-formances were discovered in the present work. Except for Ni-oxides, various spinel compounds and many other oxides including Co2O3, Cr2O3, Fe2O3, MnO, MoO3, CoCr2O4, FeCr2O4, CoFe2O4, and CoMoO4 were observed in the passive films. The adsorbed and penetrated corrosive anion Cl-will be prone to breakdown the passive films with less Cr2O3, CoCr2O4 and MoO3 to form pitting corrosion (also include other localized corrosion, such as intergranular corrosion and crevice corrosion). The microstructure of the hcp martensite with the fcc matrix has played an important role in the propagation of the localized anodic dissolution in the form of cleavage and quasi-cleavage. The theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental observations. This paper paves a way for the future devel-opment of high-performance Co-based entropic alloys served in some harsh environments.
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| 7. |
- Zou, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Minimising efficiency roll-off in high-brightness perovskite light-emitting diodes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2041-1723. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Efficiency roll-off is a major issue for most types of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and its origins remain controversial. Here we present investigations of the efficiency roll-off in perovskite LEDs based on two-dimensional layered perovskites. By simultaneously measuring electroluminescence and photoluminescence on a working device, supported by transient photoluminescence decay measurements, we conclude that the efficiency roll-off in perovskite LEDs is mainly due to luminescence quenching which is likely caused by non-radiative Auger recombination. This detrimental effect can be suppressed by increasing the width of quantum wells, which can be easily realized in the layered perovskites by tuning the ratio of large and small organic cations in the precursor solution. This approach leads to the realization of a perovskite LED with a record external quantum efficiency of 12.7%, and the efficiency remains to be high, at approximately 10%, under a high current density of 500 mA cm(-2).
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| 8. |
- Feng, Dawei, et al.
(författare)
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A Highly Stable Zeotype Mesoporous Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework with Ultralarge Pores
- 2015
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 54:1, s. 149-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Through topological rationalization, a zeotype mesoporous Zr-containing metal-organic framework (MOF), namely PCN-777, has been designed and synthesized. PCN-777 exhibits the largest cage size of 3.8nm and the highest pore volume of 2.8cm(3)g(-1) among reported Zr-MOFs. Moreover, PCN-777 shows excellent stability in aqueous environments, which makes it an ideal candidate as a support to incorporate different functional moieties. Through facile internal surface modification, the interaction between PCN-777 and different guests can be varied to realize efficient immobilization.
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| 9. |
- Ho, Hoang Phuoc, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Role of the supports during phosphorus poisoning of diesel oxidation catalysts
- 2023
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - 1385-8947. ; 468
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phosphorus (P) poisoning is one of the main factors accounting for the deactivation of diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC) apart from sulfur poisoning and sintering of the Pt active sites. This study compares the impact of P with loading up to 2.4 wt% on the catalytic performance of monometallic and bimetallic Pt-Pd catalysts using alumina and high silica BEA zeolites as the supports. P poisoning caused deactivation for CO, C3H6, C3H8 and NO oxidation; however, the degree of the impact of P in terms of temperatures at which 50% of the component is converted (T50) depends not only on the types of the active phase (Pt and Pt-Pd) but also on the types of supports (alumina and BEA zeolite). The influence of P impregnation on the textural properties of the materials is more significant for zeolite than alumina-based catalysts, which is in line with the activity measurements. A weak interaction between P and high silica zeolite resulted in the formation of a prominent fraction of P2O5 in the P-Pt/BEA, whereas a strong binding between P and alumina accounted for a dominant fraction of phosphate in the P-Pt/Al2O3 as revealed by XPS and NMR measurements. Phosphorus compounds partially covered the available surface of the active sites and this lowered the catalytic activity. For alumina-based catalysts, P mainly reacted with the support and only deactivated a part of the active noble metals. Whereas, for zeolite-based catalysts, P existed mainly in the form of phosphorus oxides that significantly blocked the catalyst surface and thereby deactivated more of the available active sites than that on alumina-based materials, which is consistent with the CO chemisorption data.
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| 10. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The first visual object tracking segmentation VOTS2023 challenge results
- 2023
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Ingår i: 2023 IEEE/CVF International conference on computer vision workshops (ICCVW). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9798350307443 - 9798350307450 ; , s. 1788-1810
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking Segmentation VOTS2023 challenge is the eleventh annual tracker benchmarking activity of the VOT initiative. This challenge is the first to merge short-term and long-term as well as single-target and multiple-target tracking with segmentation masks as the only target location specification. A new dataset was created; the ground truth has been withheld to prevent overfitting. New performance measures and evaluation protocols have been created along with a new toolkit and an evaluation server. Results of the presented 47 trackers indicate that modern tracking frameworks are well-suited to deal with convergence of short-term and long-term tracking and that multiple and single target tracking can be considered a single problem. A leaderboard, with participating trackers details, the source code, the datasets, and the evaluation kit are publicly available at the challenge website1
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