| 1. |
- Collin, Elias, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating Evaluations of Innovation Policy: Exploring Reliability, Methods, and Conflicts of Interest
- 2022. - 1
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Ingår i: Questioning the Entrepreneurial State : Status-quo, Pitfalls, and the Need for Credible Innovation Policy - Status-quo, Pitfalls, and the Need for Credible Innovation Policy. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1572-1922. - 9783030942755 - 9783030942731 - 9783030942724 ; 1, s. 157-173
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Expansions of innovation policies have been paralleled with an increasein the evaluations of such policies. Yet, there are few systematic evaluations of how such evaluations are conducted, by whom, and their overall conclusions. We analyze 110 evaluations of innovation policy in Sweden from 2005 to 2019. Our findings show that the majority of these evaluations are positive, about one-third are neutral in their conclusions, and very few are negative. The majority of evaluations were conducted by consulting firms, close to one-third by expert government agencies, and around 10% by university researchers or as self-evaluations by the governmental agencies responsible for the policy themselves. Few evaluations employed causal methods to assess the potential effects of policies. We discuss conflicts of interest and question the reliability of evaluations of innovation policy.
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| 2. |
- Molnár, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Islet Engraftment and Revascularization in Clinical and Experimental Transplantation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Cell Transplantation. - 0963-6897 .- 1555-3892. ; 22:2, s. 243-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background:Proper revascularization after transplantation is assumed to be crucial forappropriate islet graft function.Methods:We developed a novel non-invasive imagingmethod, based on adenoviral transduction of islets with a hypoxia responsive reporter gene,for continuous in vivo monitoring of hypoxia in islet grafts in a mouse model. In addition,morphological data was obtained from a deceased patient previously subject to intraportaltransplantation.Results:We detected only transient hypoxia in a minority of the animalstransplanted. Importantly, a clear response to hypoxia was observed in vitro after removal ofthe islet-grafts on day twenty-eight after transplantation. Also, the morphological data fromthe deceased patient demonstrated an extensive revascularization of the transplanted islets. Infact, no differences could be seen between native, in pancreas biopsies taken prior to isletisolation, and transplanted islets regarding the number, distribution and shape of the bloodvessels. However, fewer small islets (diameter <39μm) were found in the liver compared to those found in native pancreases. Notably, an absolute majority of the transplanted islets were found remaining within the venous lumen, in direct contact with the vessel wall.Conclusions:In conclusion results presented show less pronounced islet graft hypoxia after subcapsulartransplantation than previously reported using more invasive methods. Also, formation of anextensive intra-islet capillary network, similar to that seen in native islets in the pancreas, wasseen after clinical islet transplantation.
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| 3. |
- Batbaatar, M., et al.
(författare)
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How Fares the Entrepreneurial State? : Empirical Evidence of Mission-Led Innovation Projects Around the Globe
- 2024
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Ingår i: Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship. - : Now Publishers Inc.. - 1551-3114 .- 1551-3122. ; 19:8, s. 664-772
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While considerable efforts have been made to conceptualize and outline the theoretical and normative logic of mission-oriented innovation policies and the role of the entrepreneurial state, there is a stark lack of empirical studies concerning how missions are designed and executed, and when they may work or do not. This monograph reviews theoretical rationales for mission-oriented innovation policy and provides an empirical overview of 30 articles which together cover 51 concluded or ongoing missions from around the world. We synthetize varieties of mission formulations, actors involved, and analyze characteristics of missions described as more or less failed or successful. Among the projects analyzed, many do not fulfill common definitions of “innovation missions.” Missions related to technological or agricultural innovations seem more often successful than broader types of missions aimed at social or ecological challenges, and challenges in the governance and evaluation of missions remain unresolved in the literature. None of the mission cases contain a cost-benefit analysis or takes opportunity cost into consideration.
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| 4. |
- Batbaatar, Maral, et al.
(författare)
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The state of the entrepreneurial state : Empirical evidence of mission-led innovation projects around the globe
- 2024
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Ingår i: Moonshots and the new industrial policy. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031491955 - 9783031491986 - 9783031491962 ; , s. 125-143
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter reviews theoretical rationales for mission-oriented innovation policy and provides an empirical overview of extant 28 papers and 49 cases on the topic. We synthetize varieties of mission formulations, actors involved, and characteristics of missions described as more or less failed or successful. Fifty-nine percent of the studied missions are still ongoing, 33 percent are considered successful, and 8 percent as failures. Sixty-seven percent of the studied missions have taken place in Europe, 24 percent in North America, and 8 percent in Asia. The majority of innovation projects referred to as missions do not fulfill the criteria defined by the OECD. Results suggest that missions related to technological or agricultural innovations are more often successful than broader types of missions aimed at social or ecological challenges. Challenges regarding the governance and evaluation of missions remain unresolved in the literature. We find no case that contains a cost-benefit analysis or takes opportunity cost into account.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Blum, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Time to diagnosis, of melanoma: same trend in different continents
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery. - : SAGE Publications. - 1203-4754 .- 1615-7109. ; 11:4, s. 137-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Patients and physicians both play an important role in the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess important factors of delay in diagnosis at different centers and on three continents. Methods: Between October 2001 and October 2002, patients with histologically confirmed invasive melanoma were included in the study and given an established questionnaire. Recorded patients and tumor characteristics included age, sex, anatomic location, Breslow thickness, patients' awareness of the lesion and time with suspicion, and physicians' time (delay) before the operation. Results: The study included 985 patients (486 males, 499 females): 253 from Germany, 464 from Sweden, 58 from Brazil, and 210 from Australia. More females detected their lesions by themselves. The change to a darker color (21%) and enlargement of the area of the lesion (19%) were the major signs. The highest knowledge among patients that early detection may improve the outcome was found in Sweden and Australia. At each center, the media (newspaper, magazine, radio, and television) provided the best sources of information about melanoma. Twenty to 33% of all physicians initially consulted missed the melanoma diagnosis, independent of their specialty. Conclusions: There are still factors for the delay in melanoma diagnosis in different countries and continents, but the differences are rather small. The results should be included in planning prevention campaigns in this specific field and in the education of medical students, physicians of all specialties, and other health professionals.
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| 7. |
- Dam, Veerle, et al.
(författare)
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Genetically Determined Reproductive Aging and Coronary Heart Disease : A Bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian Randomization
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 107:7, s. E2952-E2961
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Accelerated reproductive aging, in women indicated by early natural menopause, is associated with increased coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in observational studies. Conversely, an adverse CHD risk profile has been suggested to accelerate menopause. Objectives: To study the direction and evidence for causality of the relationship between reproductive aging and (non-)fatal CHD and CHD risk factors in a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, using age at natural menopause (ANM) genetic variants as a measure for genetically determined reproductive aging in women. We also studied the association of these variants with CHD risk (factors) in men. Design: Two-sample MR, using both cohort data as well as summary statistics, with 4 methods: simple and weighted median-based, standard inverse-variance weighted (IVW) regression, and MR-Egger regression. Participants: Data from EPIC-CVD and summary statistics from UK Biobank and publicly available genome-wide association studies were pooled for the different analyses. Main Outcome Measures: CHD, CHD risk factors, and ANM. Results: Across different methods of MR, no association was found between genetically determined reproductive aging and CHD risk in women (relative risk estimateIVW = 0.99; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.97-1.01), or any of the CHD risk factors. Similarly, no associations were found in men. Neither did the reversed analyses show evidence for an association between CHD (risk factors) and reproductive aging. Conclusion: Genetically determined reproductive aging is not causally associated with CHD risk (factors) in women, nor were the genetic variants associated in men. We found no evidence for a reverse association in a combined sample of women and men.
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| 8. |
- Eichenhofer, G., et al.
(författare)
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Industrial use of HiPIMS and the hiP-V hiPlus technology : A review by a manufacturer
- 2017
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Ingår i: Vakuum in Forschung und Praxis. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 0947-076X .- 1522-2454. ; 29:2, s. 40-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been demonstrated by several groups that HiPIMS is a state of the art tool for applying demanding coatings with superior film properties. The real industrial breakthrough for the HiPIMS-technology, has not yet happened. On the other hand, the up till now available HiPIMS-PS were mainly been up-scaled “prototypes”, far away from industrial work horses. With the hiP-V HiPIMS power system, a direct derivative of a robust power supply technology already in commercial use for public transportation systems, another milestone is set to make the HiPIMS technology go mainstream. HiPIMS is not a revolution that will make all other technologies obsolete, yet it is a very powerful complement. With a reliable, multi-functional power supply and with a rapid arc-handling, it could possibly be a start of a new era in thin film production. Just consider the possibility of etching and implantation to increase cleanliness and adhesion of the samples. Until now, most of the R&D work done in HiPIMS, has been dedicated to hard coatings and tool coatings. Here, HiPIMS is surely useful but not the expected technological breakthrough. For the future, the implementation of the new positive reverse pulse, the hiP-V hiPlus HiPIMS technology, is opening a whole new field of possible applications for i.e. nonconductive substrates where no bias can be applied. Glass and plastics can be processed with remarkable results in hardness, enhanced film properties and additionally, it is achieved at lower substrate temperatures. It has been a slow start for HiPIMS, but the future looks bright.
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| 9. |
- Hult, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Hur överförs nationella miljömål till lokala beslut i transport- och samhällsplaneringen?
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Projektet Stafetten, som finansierats av Naturvårdsverket, har studerat miljömål på nationell, regional och lokal nivå, deras roll för transportplaneringen, och vad som kan göras för att målen ska få större genomslag. Deltagande organisationer är IVL Svenska Miljöinstituten, Trivector Traffic och Lund universitet. I denna rapport beskrivs hur miljömålen överförs till lokala beslut i den regionala transportplaneringen och i den kommunala samhällsplaneringen.
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| 10. |
- Jordan, Stanley C, et al.
(författare)
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IgG Endopeptidase in Highly Sensitized Patients Undergoing Transplantation.
- 2017
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - : Massachusetts Medical Society. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 377:5, s. 442-453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Donor-specific antibodies create an immunologic barrier to transplantation. Current therapies to modify donor-specific antibodies are limited and ineffective in the most highly HLA-sensitized patients. The IgG-degrading enzyme derived from Streptococcus pyogenes (IdeS), an endopeptidase, cleaves human IgG into F(ab')2 and Fc fragments inhibiting complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, which suggests that IdeS might be useful for desensitization. We report on the combined experience of two independently performed open-label, phase 1-2 trials (conducted in Sweden and the United States) that assessed the efficacy of IdeS with regard to desensitization and transplantation of a kidney from an HLA-incompatible donor.METHODS: We administered IdeS to 25 highly HLA-sensitized patients (11 patients in Uppsala or Stockholm, Sweden, and 14 in Los Angeles) before the transplantation of a kidney from an HLA-incompatible donor. Frequent monitoring for adverse events, outcomes, donor-specific antibodies, and renal function was performed, as were renal biopsies. Immunosuppression after transplantation consisted of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and glucocorticoids. Patients in the U.S. study also received intravenous immune globulin and rituximab after transplantation to prevent antibody rebound.RESULTS: Recipients in the U.S. study had a significantly longer cold ischemia time (the time elapsed between procurement of the organ and transplantation), a significantly higher rate of delayed graft function, and significantly higher levels of class I donor-specific antibodies than those in the Swedish study. A total of 38 serious adverse events occurred in 15 patients (5 events were adjudicated as being possibly related to IdeS). At transplantation, total IgG and HLA antibodies were eliminated. A total of 24 of 25 patients had perfusion of allografts after transplantation. Antibody-mediated rejection occurred in 10 patients (7 patients in the U.S. study and 3 in the Swedish study) at 2 weeks to 5 months after transplantation; all these patients had a response to treatment. One graft loss, mediated by non-HLA IgM and IgA antibodies, occurred.CONCLUSIONS: IdeS reduced or eliminated donor-specific antibodies and permitted HLA-incompatible transplantation in 24 of 25 patients. (Funded by Hansa Medical; ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT02224820 , NCT02426684 , and NCT02475551 .).
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