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- Andersson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Why do Male and Female CEOs exit? Firm Performance and Board Homophily
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Corporate governance and strategy research investigates the effects of firm performance on the likelihood of CEO turnover, but has failed to considere potential gender differences in CEO turnover and how the board’s gender composition may affect this process. This paper investigates CEO exit among all medium- and large-sized firms in Sweden that are privately owned between 2005 and 2010. Controlling for a wide array of industry-level, firm-level, and individual-level variables, we find that CEOs are more likely to exit from firms that experience negative results or have a declining performance trend. For male CEOs it is the negative result that drives the exit; for female CEOs a negative performance trend increases the likelihood of exit. Consistent with homophily and token theories, the level of gender and age diversity of the board has a negative effect on the exit of female CEOs but is not associated with male CEO exit. It thus appears that female CEOs are less pressured to exit when their firm is experiencing low performance, but more likely to exit when the board is composed predominantly by men or of individuals that are similar in age. We discuss implications for research in strategy, corporate governance, and gender.
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| 3. |
- Helvik, Anne-Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Activity limitation and participation restriction in adults seeking hearing aid fitting and rehabilitation
- 2006
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - London : Informa Healthcare. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 28:5, s. 281-288
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purposes: We first aimed to describe demographic and audiological characteristics of adults referred to a university hospital for hearing aid (HA) fitting and rehabilitation. Our second aim was to employ an inventory that assesses life consequences of hearing impairment (HI) in terms of perceived activity limitation and participation restriction for the first time in a Norwegian adult outpatient population. A third aim was to study life consequences by audiological and demographic characteristics.Subjects and methods: During one year consecutive patients (n?=?343) were requested to answer the Hearing Disability and Handicap Scale (HDHS) assessing activity limitation and participation restriction in relation to an audiological examination and medical consultation. The mean threshold of hearing (MTH) was ascertained by pure tone thresholds at 0.5?–?1?–?2?–?4 kHz in the better ear.Results: Activity limitation and participation restriction were both higher for HA experienced than HA naïve subjects ( p < 0.01). In a multivariable model, the explained adjusted variance of activity limitation (R2) was 43.4% with MTH, perceived duration, and severity of hearing problems as predictor variables. Correspondingly, the explained adjusted variance of participation restriction was 28.4% for a model with MTH, age, gender and perceived severity of hearing problems as predictors.Conclusions: As a standard supplement to audiometric tests, HDHS may be successfully applied as a clinical tool among similar hearing impaired outpatients in order to assess activity limitation and participation restriction as part of audiological rehabilitation.
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| 4. |
- Helvik, Anne-Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Coping ability and everyday life situations in relation to audiological rehabilitation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Audiological Medicine. - London : Informa Healthcare. - 1651-386X .- 1651-3835. ; 5:2, s. 112-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between the reported use of coping strategies and experience of everyday life prior to audiological rehabilitation and the number of rehabilitation consultations needed, were studied in a group of adults. The study took place at St. Olav's University Hospital, Norway and included 132 adult patients (77 men and 55 women) with no previous audiological rehabilitation or experience with hearing aid (HA) use. Hearing impairment was assessed by pure tone audiometry, while use of communication specific coping strategies and daily life situations were obtained using self-report inventories. The latter concerned activity limitation, participation restriction, and psychological well-being. The patients' hospital records were reviewed approximately 18 months after their first consultation. In total, 41 patients (31%) needed no more than the required minimum number of three consultations to complete rehabilitation including HA fitting, while 91 patients needed more than this. Logistic regression was used to study coping and everyday life in relation to the need for three versus more consultations. Little experienced participation restriction was related to the need for only three consultations. Use of communication specific coping strategies, activity limitation, or psychological well-being was not associated with the number of consultations needed. © 2007 Taylor & Francis.
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| 5. |
- Helvik, Anne-Sofie, et al.
(författare)
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Why do some individuals with objectively verified hearing loss reject hearing aids?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Audiological Medicine. - London : Informa Healthcare. - 1651-386X .- 1651-3835. ; 6:2, s. 141-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated, in new hearing aid candidates, whether or not the use of coping strategies and the life situation, in terms of activity limitation, participation restriction and psychological well-being, were associated with the outcome of audiological counselling, i.e. the patients’ acceptance or rejection of a hearing aid (HA). The study included 173 consecutive adult patients (104 men and 69 women) with a need for audiological rehabilitation including HA-fitting. Use of communication strategies (Communication Strategies Scale, CSS), experience of activity limitation and participation restriction (Hearing Disability and Handicap Scale, HDHS), and general psychological well-being (Psychological General Well-being scale, PGWB) were assessed by self-report inventories. The hospital records, reviewed 1.5years after the first consultation, showed that 39 patients (25 men and 14 women, 23%) had not accepted a hearing aid. In crude and adjusted logistic regression analyses a low report (high scores) of maladaptive behaviour in communication was associated with a three-times higher odds for rejecting a hearing aid, while a highly perceived activity limitation and participation restriction were related to lower odds for rejection. Patients who felt they had few problems with their hearing or overlooked or repressed their shortcomings, rejected HAs more often.
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