| 1. |
- Plym, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy on sick leave in women with early-stage breast cancer during a 5-year period : a population-based cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - : Springer. - 0167-6806 .- 1573-7217. ; 182:3, s. 699-707
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To examine the influence of type of oncological treatment on sick leave in women of working age with early-stage breast cancer.Methods: We identified 8870 women aged 30-64 diagnosed with stage I-II breast cancer between 2005 and 2012 in the Breast Cancer Data Base Sweden. Associations between type of oncological treatment (radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, and chemotherapy) and sick leave were estimated by hazard ratios, probabilities, and length of sick leave using multi-state survival analysis.Results: During the first 5 years after diagnosis, women aged 50-54 years at diagnosis receiving chemotherapy spent on average 182 (95% CI 151-218) additional days on sick leave compared with women not receiving chemotherapy, but with otherwise similar characteristics. Correspondingly, women initiating endocrine therapy spent 30 (95% CI 18-44) additional days on sick leave and women receiving post-mastectomy radiotherapy 53 (95% CI 37-69) additional days. At year five, the rate of sick leave was increased in women who had received chemotherapy (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.11-1.28) or endocrine therapy (HR 1.15, 95% CI 1.05-1.26). Chemotherapy and endocrine therapy were associated with increased rates of sick leave due to depression or anxiety.Conclusion: Our findings of increased long-term risks of sick leave after oncological treatment for breast cancer warrant attention from caregivers taking part in cancer rehabilitation. In light of the ongoing debate about overtreatment of early-stage breast cancer, our findings point to the importance of properly selecting patients for chemotherapy not only for the medical toxicity but also the possible impact on their livelihood.
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| 2. |
- Digkas, Evangelos, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence and risk factors of hypothyroidism after treatment for early breast cancer : a population-based cohort study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. - : Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 0167-6806 .- 1573-7217. ; 204, s. 79-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: An increased incidence of hypothyroidism among breast cancer survivors has been observed in earlier studies. The impact of the postoperative treatment modalities and their potential interplay on hypothyroidism development needs to be studied.METHODS: We conducted a population- and registry-based study using the Breast Cancer Data Base Sweden (BCBaSe) including females diagnosed with breast cancer between 2006 and 2012. In total, 21,268 female patients diagnosed with early breast cancer between 2006 and 2012, with no previous prescription of thyroid hormones and no malignant diagnosis during the last ten years before breast cancer diagnosis, were included in the final analysis.RESULTS: During the follow-up (median follow-up time 7.9 years), 1212 patients (5.7%) developed hypothyroidism at a median time of 3.45 years from the index date. No association of the systemic oncological treatment in terms of either chemotherapy or endocrine therapy and hypothyroidism development could be identified. A higher risk (HR 1.68;95% CI 1.42-1.99) of hypothyroidism identified among patients treated with radiation treatment of the regional lymph nodes whereas no increased risk in patients treated only with radiation therapy to the breast/chest wall was found (HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.86-1.19). The risk of hypothyroidism in the cohort treated with radiotherapy of the regional lymph nodes was present irrespective of the use of adjuvant chemotherapy treatment.CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of our study, the implementation of hypothyroidism surveillance among the breast cancer survivors treated with radiotherapy of the regional lymph nodes can be considered as reasonable in the follow-up program.
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| 3. |
- Olander, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Angiosarcoma in the breast: a population-based cohort from Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: British Journal of Surgery. - : Oxford University Press. - 0007-1323 .- 1365-2168. ; 110:12, s. 1850-1856
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Breast angiosarcoma is a rare disease mostly observed in breast cancer (BC) patients who have previously received radiotherapy (RT). Little is known about angiosarcoma aetiology, management, and outcome. The study aim was to estimate risk and to characterize breast angiosarcoma in a Swedish population-based cohort. Methods: The Swedish Cancer Registry was searched for breast angiosarcoma between 1992 and 2018 in three Swedish healthcare regions (population 5.5 million). Information on previous BC, RT, management, and outcome were retrieved from medical records. Results: Overall, 49 angiosarcomas located in the breast, chest wall, or axilla were identified, 8 primary and 41 secondary to BC treatment. Median age was 51 and 73 years, respectively. The minimum latency period of secondary angiosarcoma after a BC diagnosis was 4 years (range 4–21 years). The cumulative incidence of angiosarcoma after breast RT increased continuously, reaching 1.4‰ after 20 years. Among 44 women with angiosarcoma treated by surgery, 29 developed subsequent local recurrence. Median recurrence-free survival was 3.4 and 1.8 years for primary and secondary angiosarcoma, respectively. The 5-year overall survival probability for the whole cohort was 50 per cent (95 per cent c.i., 21 per cent–100 per cent) for primary breast angiosarcoma and 35 per cent (95 per cent c.i., 23 per cent–54 per cent) for secondary angiosarcoma. Conclusion: Breast angiosarcoma is a rare disease strongly associated with a history of previous BC RT. Overall survival is poor with high rates of local recurrences and distant metastasis.
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| 4. |
- Söderberg, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Association of clinicopathologic variables and patient preference with the choice of surgical treatment for early-stage breast cancer : A registry-based study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Breast. - : Elsevier. - 0960-9776 .- 1532-3080. ; 73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Observational studies suggest that breast conserving surgery (BCS) and radiotherapy (RT) offers superior survival compared to mastectomy. The aim was to compare patient and tumour characteristics in women with invasive breast cancer <= 30 mm treated with either BCS or mastectomy, and to explore the underlying reason for choosing mastectomy.Methods: Women registered with breast cancer <= 30 mm and <= 4 positive axillary lymph nodes in the Swedish National Breast Cancer Register 2013-2016 were included. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association of tumour and patient characteristics with receiving a mastectomy vs. BCS.Results: Of 1860 breast cancers in 1825 women, 1346 were treated by BCS and 514 by mastectomy. Adjuvant RT was given to 1309 women (97.1 %) after BCS and 146 (27.6 %) after mastectomy. Variables associated with receiving a mastectomy vs. BCS included clinical detection (Odds Ratio (OR) 4.15 (95 % Confidence Interval (CI) 3.35-5.14)) and clinical stage (T2 vs. T1 (OR 3.68 (95 % CI 2.90-4.68)), N1 vs. N0 (OR 2.02 (95 % CI 1.38-2.96)). Women receiving mastectomy more often had oestrogen receptor negative, HER2 positive tumours of higher histological grade. The most common reported reason for mastectomy was large or multifocal tumours (53.5 %), followed by patient preference (34.5 %).Conclusion: Choice of surgery is strongly associated with key prognostic factors among women undergoing BCS with RT compared to mastectomy. Failure to control for all relevant confounders may bias results in outcome studies in favour of BCS.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Wennstig, Anna-Karin, 1973-
(författare)
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Long-term side effects of radiotherapy in breast cancer : studies in ischemic heart disease and lung cancer
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Due to early detection and advances in adjuvant therapies, most women diagnosed with early BC will be cured of their disease, and issues of survivorship are of great importance. Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in BC is well established and significantly reduces local recurrences and BC mortality. Still, it usually involves some accidental irradiation to the heart and lungs, which may lead to long-term side effects, mainly ischemic heart disease (IHD) and lung cancer (LC). The overall aim with this thesis was to study IHD and radiation-induced LC in women receiving RT for BC from the early 1990s until recently.In paper I and paper II a cohort of women (n=182) receiving computed tomography (CT)-based RT (3DCRT) for BC during 1992 to 2012, who subsequently were referred to a coronary angiography and treated for coronary stenosis, was studied. Paper I was a reproducibility study with the aim to examine the inter-observer variation in delineation of the coronary arteries (CAs) in CT scans used for 3DCRT planning. All patients treated at one of the participating RT departments (n=32), were selected from the larger cohort, and the CAs were delineated in the patients’ CT-scans by three oncologists independently, with a validated CT-based heart atlas as guideline. Spatial difference between the different delineations, and variance in radiation dose was calculated. The median distance between the centers of the arteries was 2-8 mm for the right coronary artery (RCA), and 1-4 mm for the left main coronary artery (LMCA) and the left anterior descending artery (LAD). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was derived to quantify the variance in estimated doses. The ICC for mean doses varied from 0.76 to 0.98 for LMCA-LAD, and from 0.73 to 0.92 for RCA, indicating that variation in radiation doses was mainly due to interpatient variation. In conclusion, the study showed high consistency in contouring the CAs in the patients’ planning CTs, in particular the LMCA-LAD. In paper II, the aim was to examine the relationship between radiation dose to the CAs and subsequent coronary stenosis that required a coronary intervention at this location. The CAs were delineated and divided into segments in the 182 patients’ planning-CTs and doses were recalculated based on the dose distribution of the original RT plans. The location of the CA stenosis was identified from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Register (SCAAR). Mean doses to the heart and the LAD were substantially higher in women receiving left-sided RT compared to right-sided RT. Segment-wise analyses were performed to assess the risk of developing a coronary stenosis that required an intervention at a certain radiation dose. Segments receiving radiation doses < 1 Gray (Gy) were used as reference. The main finding was a five-fold increase in risk of a clinically relevant coronary stenosis in the mid LAD at mean doses over 20 Gy, compared to doses of 0-1 Gy (odds ratio 5.23; 95 % CI (confidence interval) 2.01-13.6). There were iv too few events to calculate increase in risk per Gy. Still, the result of this study supports that the radiation dose to the LAD should be considered at RT planning and kept as low as possible.In paper III and IV, the BcBaSe cohort was used to examine risk of IHD, and radiation-induced LC after adjuvant RT for BC. The BCBaSe consists of 68089 women diagnosed with BC during 1992 to 2012, and 340352 age-matched women without BC diagnosis. In paper III, Cox regression analyses were performed to estimate risk of IHD, by comparing women with BC to women without BC diagnosis, and by comparing left-sided BC to right-sided BC. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to assess cumulative incidence of IHD. Women with BC had a lower risk of IHD compared to women without BC diagnosis at follow-up (hazard ratio (HR) 0.91; 95 % CI 0.88-0.95). Women irradiated for left-sided BC had a higher risk of IHD compared to women irradiated for right-sided BC (HR 1.18; 95 % CI 1.06-1.31). The HRs increased with more extensive lymph node involvement and with addition of systemic therapy. The cumulative IHD incidence was increased in women receiving left-sided RT compared to rightsided RT, starting from the first years after RT and sustained with longer followup. In paper IV, Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to assess cumulative incidence of LC and LC-specific survival. Cox regression analyses were performed to estimate risk of LC after adjuvant RT for BC, comparing women with BC to women without BC diagnosis. Women with BC receiving RT had a higher cumulative incidence of LC compared both to women with BC not receiving RT and women without BC. This became apparent 5 years after RT and increased with longer follow-up. Women with BC receiving RT had a higher risk of LC compared to women without BC diagnosis (HR 2.35; 95 % CI 1.54-3.59). LCspecific survival was significantly higher in women with a prior BC compared to women without a prior BC diagnosis. In paper III and paper IV information on individual dosimetry data was not available. Most women likely received 3DCRT given with tangential fields and were treated before breathing adaption techniques were implemented in Sweden. The results of these studies emphasize the importance of further development and implementing of RT techniques and regimens that lower the cardiac and lung doses.In conclusion, we found that radiation doses to the LAD remained high in women receiving 3DCRT for BC between 1992 and 2012, and were associated with an increased risk of clinically relevant CA stenosis. Delineating the LAD was feasible and the results of these studies support that the LAD radiation dose should be considered in RT treatment planning. The register-based studies confirmed that the risk of IHD was significantly increased in women receiving left-sided RT and that the risk of LC after BC RT was significantly increased in this large cohort of women with BC.
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| 7. |
- Wennstig, Anna-Karin, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of coronary stenosis after adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer
- 2022
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Ingår i: Strahlentherapie und Onkologie (Print). - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0179-7158 .- 1439-099X. ; 198, s. 630-638
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for breast cancer is associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease. We examined the risk of coronary artery stenosis in a large cohort of women with breast cancer receiving adjuvant RT.Methods: A cohort of women diagnosed with breast cancer between 1992 and 2012 in three Swedish health care regions (n = 57,066) were linked to the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR) to identify women receiving RT who subsequently underwent a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to coronary stenosis. Cox regression analyses were performed to examine risk of a coronary intervention and competing risk analyses were performed to calculate cumulative incidence.Results: A total of 649 women with left-sided breast cancer and 494 women with right-sided breast cancer underwent a PCI. Women who received left-sided RT had a significantly higher risk of a PCI in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) compared to women who received right-sided RT, hazard ratio (HR) 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21–1.77, p < 0.001). For the proximal, mid, and distal LAD, the HRs were 1.60 (95% CI 1.22–2.10), 1.38 (95% CI 1.07–1.78), and 2.43 (95% CI 1.33–4.41), respectively. The cumulative incidence of coronary events at 25 years from breast cancer diagnosis were 7.0% in women receiving left-sided RT and 4.4% in women receiving right-sided RT.Conclusion: Implementing and further developing techniques that lower cardiac doses is important in order to reduce the risk of long-term side effects of adjuvant RT for breast cancer.
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| 8. |
- Wennstig, Anna-Karin, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of primary lung cancer after adjuvant radiotherapy in breast cancer : a large population-based study
- 2021
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Ingår i: npj Breast Cancer. - : Springer Nature. - 2374-4677. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for breast cancer (BC) has been associated with an increased risk of later radiation-induced lung cancer (LC). We examined the risk of primary LC in a population-based cohort of 52300 women treated for BC during 1992 to 2012, and 253796 age-matched women without BC. Cumulative incidence of LC was calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method, and the risk of LC after BC treatment was estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. Women with BC receiving RT had a higher cumulative incidence of LC compared to women with BC not receiving RT and women without BC. This became apparent 5 years after RT and increased with longer follow-up. Women with BC receiving RT had a Hazard ratio of 1.59 (95% confidence interval 1.37–1.84) for LC compared to women without BC. RT techniques that lower the incidental lung doses, e.g breathing adaption techniques, may lower this risk.
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