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| 2. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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| 3. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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2020 års Ekonomipris till Paul Milgrom och Robert Wilson
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - : Nationalekonomiska Föreningen. - 0345-2646. ; 48:8, s. 5-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Kungl. Vetenskapsakademien har beslutat dela ut årets Ekonomipris till Paul Milgrom och Robert Wilson, båda från Stanford University, USA, för ”förbättringar av auktionsteorin och uppfinningar av nya auktionsformat”. Årets pristagare har i sin forskning sammanfört teori och praktik, till nytta för enskilda individer, företag och samhällen världen över.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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2022 års ekonomipris till Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond och Philip Dybvig
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ekonomisk Debatt. - : Nationalekonomiska Föreningen. - 0345-2646 .- 2002-4231. ; 50:8/2022
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Forskningsöversikt (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kungl. Vetenskapsakademien har beslutat dela ut årets ekonomipris till Ben Bernanke (verksam vid The Brookings Institution), Douglas Diamond (verksam vid University of Chicago) och Philip Dybvig (verksam vid Washington University, St. Louis) ”för forskning om banker och finanskriser”. Med hjälp av forskningsinsikterna från årets ekonomipristagare har senare finanskriser kunnat hanteras bättre.
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| 7. |
- Berchet, Antoine, et al.
(författare)
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The Community Inversion Framework v1.0 : A unified system for atmospheric inversion studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Geoscientific Model Development. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1991-959X .- 1991-9603. ; 14:8, s. 5331-5354
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric inversion approaches are expected to play a critical role in future observation-based monitoring systems for surface fluxes of greenhouse gases (GHGs), pollutants and other trace gases. In the past decade, the research community has developed various inversion software, mainly using variational or ensemble Bayesian optimization methods, with various assumptions on uncertainty structures and prior information and with various atmospheric chemistry-Transport models. Each of them can assimilate some or all of the available observation streams for its domain area of interest: flask samples, in situ measurements or satellite observations. Although referenced in peer-reviewed publications and usually accessible across the research community, most systems are not at the level of transparency, flexibility and accessibility needed to provide the scientific community and policy makers with a comprehensive and robust view of the uncertainties associated with the inverse estimation of GHG and reactive species fluxes. Furthermore, their development, usually carried out by individual research institutes, may in the future not keep pace with the increasing scientific needs and technical possibilities. We present here the Community Inversion Framework (CIF) to help rationalize development efforts and leverage the strengths of individual inversion systems into a comprehensive framework. The CIF is primarily a programming protocol to allow various inversion bricks to be exchanged among researchers. In practice, the ensemble of bricks makes a flexible, transparent and open-source Python-based tool to estimate the fluxes of various GHGs and reactive species both at the global and regional scales. It will allow for running different atmospheric transport models, different observation streams and different data assimilation approaches. This adaptability will allow for a comprehensive assessment of uncertainty in a fully consistent framework. We present here the main structure and functionalities of the system, and we demonstrate how it operates in a simple academic case.
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| 8. |
- Hagelin, Niclas, 1969-
(författare)
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Empirical essays on financial markets, firms, and derivatives
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of five self-contained studies. The first three investigate the impact of derivatives on the markets for the underlying assets, while the other two examine how and why firms use derivatives. A summary of each of the five studies follows.The first study investigates the relationship between option market activity and cash market volatility on the OMX index. The main concern is whether index option market activity affects the volatility of the underlying market. Option market activity is defined as trading volume divided by open interest, and both total option market activity as well as option market activity broken down by calls and puts is examined. The study contributes by investigating empirical evidence relating to two time periods, each with different market conditions. The results suggest that put option market activity, in contrast to call option market activity, influenced the cash market volatility and that the influence was different for the two periods investigated. However, the findings also indicated that a documented effect of option market activity on cash market volatility can be difficult to interpret.The second study examines expiration day effects of index futures and options on the Swedish market. The expiration day effect arises from the cash settlement procedure that is used to avoid the problems associated with physical delivery. Instead, the cash settlement procedure has reportedly been associated with arbitrageurs scrambling to unwind their arbitrage positions. While the results for the period 1988-1998 indicate that trading volumes on the cash market were significantly higher on expiration days than on other days, no evidence is found suggesting that price distortions occurred. This could be due to the longer settlement period on the Swedish market, compared with that on the Canadian, German, and the US markets, where price distortions have been documented. However, some price distortion may have been experienced for the first half of the sample period, and the cause of this finding is discussed.The third study investigates the impact of warrant and stock option introductions on the Swedish market. The results suggest that warrant introductions have no real effect on the underlying stock. The evidence indicates, on average, that no significant impact occurs on the price, volatility, bid-ask spread, trading volume, or number of actual trading days of the underlying stocks in the year following the warrant introduction. In contrast, the introduction of stock options is found to have a positive effect on the underlying stocks (i.e., volatility and bid-ask spreads are found to decrease). The finding that the introduction of warrants did not result in any changes in the investigated variables for the underlying stocks can be a result of infrequent trading in the warrants.The fourth study provides survey evidence on the use of derivatives among Swedish nonfinancial firms. The evidence for the Swedish firms is also compared with earlier findings for the US and New Zealand. The results show that (1) firms in Sweden used derivatives to the same extent as firms in New Zealand did, but to a larger extent than US firms did; (2) the usage of derivatives was more common among larger than among smaller firms; (3) the principal use of derivatives was for hedging purposes and those firms that engaged in speculative activity tended to be larger rather than smaller firms; and (4) lack of knowledge about derivatives within the firm was the issue of most concern for financial directors.The fifth and last study examines why widely held firms engage in hedging activities. The study contributes to the previous research by not only examining firm characteristics associated with use of currency derivatives in general, but also by analyzing the type of foreign exchange exposure that is hedged. More specifically, the association between firm characteristics and hedging of translation exposure and transaction exposure is investigated. This is of interest since translation exposure and transaction exposure tend to affect firms differently. The results show that transaction exposure hedging with currency derivatives was related to variables that represent indirect costs of financial distress and the underinvestment problem associated with costly external financing. Notably, translation exposure hedging with currency derivatives was unrelated to these proxy variables. The results suggest that firms hedge transaction exposure with currency derivatives to increase firm value, while there was no evidence that translation exposure hedges are used for that reason.
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| 9. |
- Jönsson, Jenny-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Sex Steroid Hormone Receptor Expression Affects Ovarian Cancer Survival.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Translational Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1936-5233. ; 8:5, s. 424-433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although most ovarian cancers express estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and androgen (AR) receptors, they are currently not applied in clinical decision making. We explored the prognostic impact of sex steroid hormone receptor protein and mRNA expression on survival in epithelial ovarian cancer.
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| 10. |
- Klymenko, Oleksiy, et al.
(författare)
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Regulation and role of the ER stress transcription factor CHOP in alveolar epithelial type-II cells
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0946-2716 .- 1432-1440. ; 97:7, s. 973-990
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease characterized by type-II alveolar epithelial cell (AECII) injury and fibroblast hyperproliferation. Severe AECII endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is thought to underlie IPF, but is yet incompletely understood. We studied the regulation of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), a proapoptotic ER-stress-related transcription factor (TF) in AECII-like cells. Interestingly, single or combined overexpression of the active ER stress transducers activating transcription factor-4 (Atf4) and activating transcription factor-6 (p50Atf6) or spliced x-box-binding protein-1 (sXbp1) in MLE12 cells did not result in a substantial Chop induction, as compared to the ER stress inducer thapsigargin. Employing reporter gene assays of distinct CHOP promoter fragments, we could identify that, next to the conventional amino acid (AARE) and ER stress response elements (ERSE) within the CHOP promoter, activator protein-1 (AP-1) and c-Ets-1 TF binding sites are necessary for CHOP induction. Serial deletion and mutation analyses revealed that both AP-1 and c-Ets-1 motifs act in concert to induce CHOP expression. In agreement, CHOP promoter activity was greatly enhanced upon combined versus single overexpression of AP-1 and c-Ets-1. Moreover, combined overexpression of AP-1 and c-Ets-1 in MLE12 cells alone in the absence of any other ER stress inducer was sufficient to induce Chop protein expression. Further, AP-1 and c-Ets-1 were upregulated in AECII under ER stress conditions and in human IPF. Finally, Chop overexpression in vitro resulted in AECII apoptosis, lung fibroblast proliferation, and collagen-I production. We propose that CHOP activation by AP-1 and c-Ets-1 plays a key role in AECII maladaptive ER stress responses and consecutive fibrosis, offering new therapeutic prospects in IPF.Key messagesOverexpression of active ER stress sensors Atf4, Atf6, and Xbp1 does not induce Chop.AP-1 and c-Ets-1 TFs are necessary for induction of the ER stress factor Chop.AP-1 and c-Ets-1 alone induce Chop expression in the absence of any ER stress inducers.AP-1 and c-Ets-1 are induced in AECII under ER stress conditions and in human IPF.Chop expression alone triggers AECII apoptosis and consecutive profibrotic responses.
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