| 1. |
- Wernersson, Ann-Sofie, 1969, et al.
(författare)
-
The European technical report on aquatic effect-based monitoring tools under the water framework directive
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Environmental Sciences Europe. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2190-4715 .- 2190-4707. ; 27:11 March 2015
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Water Framework Directive (WFD), 2000/60/EC, requires an integrated approach to the monitoring and assessment of the quality of surface water bodies. The chemical status assessment is based on compliance with legally binding Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) for selected chemical pollutants (priority substances) of EU-wide concern. In the context of the mandate for the period 2010 to 2012 of the subgroup Chemical Monitoring and Emerging Pollutants (CMEP) under the Common Implementation Strategy (CIS) for the WFD, a specific task was established for the elaboration of a technical report on aquatic effect-based monitoring tools. The activity was chaired by Sweden and co-chaired by Italy and progressively involved several Member States and stakeholders in an EU-wide drafting group. The main aim of this technical report was to identify potential effect-based tools (e.g. biomarkers and bioassays) that could be used in the context of the different monitoring programmes (surveillance, operational and investigative) linking chemical and ecological status assessment. The present paper summarizes the major technical contents and findings of the report.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Wernersson, Ann-Sofie, 1969, et al.
(författare)
-
Effects of different protective agents on the phototoxicity of fluoranthene to Daphnia magna
- 1998
-
Ingår i: COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-PHARMACOLOGY TOXICOLOGY & ENDOCRINOLOGY. ; 120:3, s. 373-381
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some compounds, accumulated by organisms, are transformed into toxic forms when irradiated with UV light. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fluoranthene is one such compound of environmental importance. In this study on Daphnia magna, fluoranthene toxicity increased significantly after a 2 h exposure to solar-simulating UV light, if organisms were allowed to accumulate the substance for 24 h prior to irradiation. Since no enhanced toxicity was observed if the solutions were irradiated before the daphnids were added and only a slight decrease in toxicity was observed if the daphnids were transferred to pure dilution water prior to exposure, it was concluded that the acute phototoxicity of fluoranthene was predominantly due to photoactivation of accumulated or adsorbed molecules. Thus, the enhanced toxicity of fluoranthene by UV light is thought to act through the production of either singlet oxygen or free radicals. Possible effects of different protective agents (antioxidants, free radical scavengers and UV-screening compounds) were examined in two cultured populations of Daphnia magna. One population received a synthetic diet and the other dried baker's yeast. The yeast-fed population became progressively more sensitive to the photoinduced toxicity of fluoranthene, and after 14 days it was significantly more sensitive than the population that received the synthetic feed. It was not obvious whether any of the additives influenced the UV-induced toxicity significantly, although, alpha-tocopherol, a known antioxidant, was the best candidate.
|
|
| 5. |
- Wernersson, Ann-Sofie, 1969, et al.
(författare)
-
Phototoxicity identification by solid phase extraction and photoinduced toxicity to Daphnia magna
- 1997
-
Ingår i: ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY. ; 32:3, s. 268-273
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The photoinduced toxicity of several environmental pollutants (some Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons [PAHs]) is a potential threat to aquatic organisms. To identify the cause/s of photoinduced toxicity of a sample, it is not sufficient to simply analyze the content of some known phototoxic compounds; so far too few substances of environmental concern have ever been tested for their photoinduced toxicity. The PAHs as well as other known phototoxic compounds are hydrophobic and are expected to bind to C18 columns. The use of Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) is typically part of the procedure identifying any primary nonpolar toxicant/s, and adding phototoxicity tests to these manipulations would not substantially increase the workload. In this study, therefore, the difference in acute toxicity to Daphnia magna before and after 2 h of UV irradiation was determined for six PAHs. The ratio between EC50 values before and after UV irradiation ranged from 4.6 (for benzo[a]pyrene) to >244 (for 3,4-benzofluoranthene), demonstrating that the UV enhances the PAH-toxicity. A further characterization technique using binding to Sep-Pak SPE C18 columns and recovery with methanol as an eluting agent was then tested in combination with UV irradiation. The mean recovered UV induced toxicity after binding and elution of the six PAHs was 119% according to the phototoxicity tests made. A linear relationship, between the log(10)K(OW), values for the PAHs and the log(10) for the concentration of methanol at peak elution was found. The combined use of C18 column separation and UV activation may, therefore, be used in toxicity identification evaluations (TIE) of organic phototoxic compounds
|
|
